Universe Today Podcast

When you’re out in space, water is the most precious resource you can get your hands on. It can be used for air, water, to grow food, radiation shielding, and most importantly, as the propellant for your spacecraft.

Exploration of the Moon has revealed that there’s a tremendous amount of water ice locked into the regolith, but it’s probably very difficult to access. But there are also permanently shadowed craters at the Moon’s poles that could have more than enough water to support a permanently inhabitable station on the Moon.

But it’s going to be tricky to get at, considering the fact that temperatures in the shadows plunge to -240 degrees Celsius, just 30 degrees above absolute zero.

Our Book is out!

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Team: Fraser Cain - @fcain / frasercain@gmail.com

Karla Thompson - @karlaii / https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCEItkORQYd4Wf0TpgYI_1fw

Chad Weber - weber.chad@gmail.com

References:

https://theprint.in/science/discovery-of-water-on-moon-what-indias-first-chandrayaan-mission-achieved-a-decade-ago/317591/

https://www.nasa.gov/feature/ames/ice-confirmed-at-the-moon-s-poles

https://directory.eoportal.org/web/eoportal/satellite-missions/c-missions/chang-e-4

https://spaceflightnow.com/2020/01/06/china-publishes-change-4-data-one-year-after-first-landing-on-far-side-of-the-moon/

https://www.nasa.gov/feature/jpl/nasa-cubesat-will-shine-a-laser-light-on-the-moons-darkest-craters

https://www.jpl.nasa.gov/missions/lunar-flashlight/

https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/9076196

http://www.esa.int/Enabling_Support/Space_Engineering_Technology/Laser-powered_rover_to_explore_Moon_s_dark_shadows

https://www.esa.int/Enabling_Support/Space_Engineering_Technology/Rovers_drive_through_Tenerife_darkness

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=eney3cJBtow

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On a special time, we've got a special guest, Professor Martin Rees, a British cosmologist and astrophysicist. He's the Astronomer Royal and helped develop many of the modern theories of astronomy and cosmology.

His latest book is On the Future: Prospects for Humanity, published in October, 2018.

https://royalsociety.org/people/martin-rees-12156/

Our Book is out!

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Audio Podcast version:

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Chad Weber - weber.chad@gmail.com

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In this week's live QA, I explain why a black hole can have infinite density but not infinite gravity. Does your perception of time change due to your mass, and am I ever intimidated by the people I get to interview?

03:00 How can a singularity have infinite density and not infinite gravity?

06:02 Does your perception of time change due to your mass?

08:10 How do I feel about String Theory?

10:20 Am I intimidated by people I interview?

12:47 Is intelligent design a scientific theory?

15:21 Why don't we see practical applications on quantum mechanics?

16:34 Anyone on my wishlist of guests?

19:00 Are there alien bodies at Area-51?

20:25 Would you feel it falling into a supermassive black hole

22:00 Will we get a Grand Unified Theory in our lifetimes?

27:21 Is Blue Origin for real?

30:35 Should the US have built the super collider?

34:17 Does time go backwards if you exceed the speed of light?

35:20 What's happening with Perseverance?

37:03 Could we jumpstart a rocket planet to get a magnetosphere?

40:35 How far are we from a nuclear rocket?

42:50 Could they make a bigger particle accelerator?

45:00 Would I get neurolink?

46:42 Humans on the Moon or a 30M telescope?

48:02 Have I watched Upload yet?

48:25 Why don't we explore the deep ocean first?

51:45 Wouldn't a solar sail be stopped by photons from another star?

53:49 Could we use Ceres or Vesta to warm up Mars?

54:52 Why is the Hubble Constant increasing?

Our Book is out!

https://www.amazon.com/Universe-Today-Ultimate-Viewing-Cosmos/dp/1624145442/

Audio Podcast version:

ITunes: https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/universe-today-guide-to-space-audio/id794058155?mt=2

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Team: Fraser Cain - @fcain / frasercain@gmail.com

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Chad Weber - weber.chad@gmail.com

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The distances to other stars are depressingly enormous. Sure, it’s incredibly far to get to Mars, Jupiter, and even Pluto, but at least you can design a robotic spacecraft to make the journey and see the science results in your own lifetime.

But in the case of other stars, interstellar flight times will take thousands and even tens of thousands of years to send just a robotic mission.

Fortunately, the Milky Way has got our back. Other star systems have been hurling comets and asteroids towards the Solar System. All we’ve got to do… is catch them.

Our Book is out!

https://www.amazon.com/Universe-Today-Ultimate-Viewing-Cosmos/dp/1624145442/

Audio Podcast version:

ITunes: https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/universe-today-guide-to-space-audio/id794058155?mt=2

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Weekly email newsletter:

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Astronomy Cast:

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Support us at https://www.patreon.com/universetoday

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Team: Fraser Cain - @fcain / frasercain@gmail.com

Karla Thompson - @karlaii / https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCEItkORQYd4Wf0TpgYI_1fw

Chad Weber - weber.chad@gmail.com

References:

https://news.ucsc.edu/2020/04/oumuamua.html

https://public.nrao.edu/news/alma-reveals-unusual-composition-of-interstellar-comet-2i-borisov/

http://www.esa.int/Science_Exploration/Space_Science/ESA_s_new_mission_to_intercept_a_comet

https://www.nasa.gov/directorates/spacetech/niac/2020_Phase_I_Phase_II/Dynamic_Orbital_Slingshot/

https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/planetary/factsheet/plutofact.html

https://arxiv.org/ftp/arxiv/papers/1711/1711.03155.pdf

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=p0SMNucXwgo

Support Universe Today Podcast

This week's guest is Moiya McTier. You might know Moiya as one of the regular co-hosts on the Weekly Space Hangout. She's an astrophysicist and science communicator, working with Columbia's Cool Worlds Lab.

Find out more:

https://www.moiyamctier.com/

Our Book is out!

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Audio Podcast version:

ITunes: https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/universe-today-guide-to-space-audio/id794058155?mt=2

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Chad Weber - weber.chad@gmail.com

Support Universe Today Podcast

The Moon orbits around the Earth. The Earth orbits around the Sun. And out in the distant Universe, astronomers have found a system that takes this logical progression to its most extreme. There’s a system where a supermassive black hole with millions of times the mass of the Sun orbits another black hole with billions of times the mass of the Sun.

How astronomers discovered this incredible interaction took careful observations, imagination, and the hard work of the Spitzer Space Telescope, taken during its final years of operation.

Our Book is out!

https://www.amazon.com/Universe-Today-Ultimate-Viewing-Cosmos/dp/1624145442/

Audio Podcast version:

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Weekly email newsletter:

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Support us at https://www.patreon.com/universetoday

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Karla Thompson - @karlaii / https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCEItkORQYd4Wf0TpgYI_1fw

Chad Weber - weber.chad@gmail.com

References:

https://www.jpl.nasa.gov/news/news.php?release=2020-080&fbclid=IwAR2MTTay3H5hxWWjwGFeL5PrdojNdKAI70HqSgFdzOBNlPP1UcjLRWQimFg

https://imagine.gsfc.nasa.gov/science/objects/active_galaxies1.html

https://arxiv.org/abs/1808.09309

https://www.jpl.nasa.gov/news/press_kits/spitzer/

https://exoplanets.nasa.gov/resources/1075/spitzer-exoplanet-observation-of-hd-80606b/

http://legacy.spitzer.caltech.edu/features/articles/20051220.shtml

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cZHRjrhziWw

Support Universe Today Podcast

In this week's live QA, I explain what's happening with Universe Today during the megavirus, what I think about the recently released UFO videos, how aliens could hide their existence, and if Starship will cause a Kessler Syndrome.

05:05 What about those UFO videos?

08:38 How could aliens hide their existence?

13:20 How does the Decadal Survey work?

14:12 Will Starship cause a Kessler Syndrome?

16:06 Starship SN4 update

17:21 Why would aliens bother using old tech to communicate?

19:34 Could regolith be paved so it doesn't kick up dust?

21:04 Could WFIRST replace Hubble?

23:06 Did an asteroid just miss us?

27:11 How much damage will the pandemic cause to space exploration?

30:25 Our show helped someone get an A on their science report.

30:46 How is the curvature of space determined?

32:57 What of the Overwhelmingly Large Telescope got built?

35:10 When will we see boots on Mars?

36:48 What about the Middle East for space exploration?

38:30 Will Elon die on Mars?

43:34 Can a golf ball travel at the speed of light?

44:16 What value will we see from Starlink?

48:52 When will we see an exomoon?

52:25 Was I born too early or late?

54:42 What will Mars Internet be like?

56:40 What will the next century focus on?

Our Book is out!

https://www.amazon.com/Universe-Today-Ultimate-Viewing-Cosmos/dp/1624145442/

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What Fraser's Watching Playlist:

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Support us at: https://www.patreon.com/universetoday

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Team: Fraser Cain - @fcain / frasercain@gmail.com

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Chad Weber - weber.chad@gmail.com

Support Universe Today Podcast

This week's guest is DasValdez, a popular Twitch stream who covers all things Kerbal Space Space. Das has carried this love of space exploration and astronomy into the real world, with absolutely fascinating coverage of rocket launches and virtual tours of museums.

Follow DasValdez on Twitch

https://www.twitch.tv/dasvaldez

Our Book is out!

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Audio Podcast version:

ITunes: https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/universe-today-guide-to-space-audio/id794058155?mt=2

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What Fraser's Watching Playlist:

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Weekly email newsletter:

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https://www.youtube.com/channel/UC0-KklSGlCiJDwOPdR2EUcg/

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Chad Weber - weber.chad@gmail.com

Support Universe Today Podcast

This week I'm joined by Dr. Kevin Peter Hand, the Pre-Project Scientist for the Europa Lander mission concept and Director of JPL's Ocean Worlds Lab to talk about the alien oceans located across the Solar System.

Learn more about Dr. Hand here:

https://science.jpl.nasa.gov/people/Hand/

His new book is out now:

https://press.princeton.edu/books/hardcover/9780691179513/alien-oceans

Our Book is out!

https://www.amazon.com/Universe-Today-Ultimate-Viewing-Cosmos/dp/1624145442/

Audio Podcast version:

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Chad Weber - weber.chad@gmail.com

Support Universe Today Podcast

Dr. Pekka Janhunen is a researcher with the Finnish Meteorological Institute and the inventor of the Electric Solar Wind Sail concept, using the solar wind as a propulsion system for spacecraft.

These could allow spacecraft to explore many regions of the Solar System without any onboard propellant at all.

More information about Dr. Janhunen:

https://space.fmi.fi/~pjanhune/

Learn more about the concept in this video:

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-pIl_cv3OkA

Our Book is out!

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Audio Podcast version:

ITunes: https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/universe-today-guide-to-space-audio/id794058155?mt=2

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Chad Weber - weber.chad@gmail.com

Support Universe Today Podcast

This week I'll be joined by Dr. Ryan Watkins, a planetary scientist who focuses on exploration of the Moon. She's a member of the Science Advisory Board for the Blue Origin Blue Moon landing program.

Learn more about her work here:

https://www.psi.edu/about/staffpage/rclegg-watkins

Our Book is out!

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Audio Podcast version:

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https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCUHI67dh9jEO2rvK--MdCSg

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Chad Weber - weber.chad@gmail.com

Support Universe Today Podcast

Professor Brian Keating returns to Open Space to talk about the big concepts in cosmology, from inflation to the largest scale structures. Dr. Keating was the Principal Investigator of the BICEP2 experiment, and now he's the Director of the Simons Observatory in Chile.

https://briankeating.com/

https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCmXH_moPhfkqCk6S3b9RWuw/

Our Book is out!

https://www.amazon.com/Universe-Today-Ultimate-Viewing-Cosmos/dp/1624145442/

Audio Podcast version:

ITunes: https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/universe-today-guide-to-space-audio/id794058155?mt=2

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Weekly email newsletter:

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Astronomy Cast:

https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCUHI67dh9jEO2rvK--MdCSg

Support us at: https://www.patreon.com/universetoday

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Chad Weber - weber.chad@gmail.com

Support Universe Today Podcast

I'll be joined by Scott Manley, programmer, DJ and spaceflight explainer on YouTube.

https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCxzC4EngIsMrPmbm6Nxvb-A

Our Book is out!

https://www.amazon.com/Universe-Today-Ultimate-Viewing-Cosmos/dp/1624145442/

Audio Podcast version:

ITunes: https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/universe-today-guide-to-space-audio/id794058155?mt=2

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Astronomy Cast:

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Support us at: https://www.patreon.com/universetoday

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Chad Weber - weber.chad@gmail.com

Support Universe Today Podcast

Today I'm joined by Dr. Phil Metzger, a planetary physicist with the Planetary Science faculty at the University of Central Florida. Phil specializes in economic planetary science, helping humanity learn to prosper in space.

https://www.philipmetzger.com/bio/

Our Book is out!

https://www.amazon.com/Universe-Today-Ultimate-Viewing-Cosmos/dp/1624145442/

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Today I'll be joined by Susanna Kohler, an astrophysics Ph.D. and science writer for the American Astronomical Society.

Follow Dr. Kohler on Twitter:

https://twitter.com/susannakohler

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Support Universe Today Podcast

Today I'm joined by Dr. Matt O'Dowd from the successful PBS Space Time YouTube Channel. Matt is an astrophysicist and associate professor in the Physics and Astronomy Department at the Lehman College of the City University of New York.

Check out PBS Space Time here:

https://www.youtube.com/channel/UC7_gcs09iThXybpVgjHZ_7g

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Support Universe Today Podcast

My guest today is Rob Hoyt, the CEO and Chief Scientist of Tethers Unlimited. Founded in 1994, Tethers Unlimited is working on space-based assembly and manufacturing technologies.

Learn more about the company here:

https://www.tethers.com/

Our Book is out!

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Support Universe Today Podcast

Today I'll be joined by Jim Al-Khalili, a professor of physics at the University of Surrey. He's a well-known science presenter in the UK and has written many books on science and physics. His newest book is "The World According to Physics".

Learn more about Jim:

https://www.jimal-khalili.com/

Our Book is out!

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One of the longstanding questions astronomers have had is, are we normal? Is our Solar System a template for what we might expect to see as we look out into the Milky Way at other star systems?

As the data continues to come in, the answer to that question really seems to be no, we’re not normal. Star systems seem to have a huge variety of planets orbiting them. Familiar planets like our own terrestrial, gas and ice worlds. But then there are also super earths, mini-neptunes, hot jupiters.

And it looks like there are planets, located in their star’s habitable zone, which are completely covered with liquid water. Like, oceans which are dozens and maybe even hundreds of kilometers deep.

What would it be like on one of these worlds, and of course, we always want to know, could they be habitable?

Our Book is out!

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Karla Thompson - @karlaii / https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCEItkORQYd4Wf0TpgYI_1fw

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References:

https://www.usgs.gov/special-topic/water-science-school/science/how-much-water-there-earth?qt-science_center_objects=0#qt-science_center_objects

https://www.wolframalpha.com/input/?i=1385+kilometer+

https://www.wolframalpha.com/input/?i=1.06%C3%9710%5E19+kilograms&assumption=%22ClashPrefs%22+-%3E+%22%22

https://www.spacetelescope.org/news/heic1916/

https://arxiv.org/abs/1909.04642

https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.3847/2041-8213/ab7229

https://www.cam.ac.uk/research/news/large-exoplanet-could-have-the-right-conditions-for-life

https://www.pnas.org/content/116/20/9723

https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.3847/1538-4357/aad6e0

https://www.news.iastate.edu/news/2020/02/27/waterworld

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5NJSCRPeNpU

Support Universe Today Podcast

In this week's questions show, I explain why we should be excited for both Starship and Artemis. Do we have a cognitive bias when thinking about advanced civilizations? Should humans or robots explore space? And more...

Watch Astronomy Cast:

https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCUHI67dh9jEO2rvK--MdCSg

Follow Dr. Pamela Gay on Twitter:

https://twitter.com/starstryder

00:30 Why should Artemis bother? Starship is better

04:34 Do we have a cognative bias when thinking about aliens?

08:55 Do I have a bobble-head?

10:36 Humans or robots?

13:35 Stop with Premieres?

17:04 Can we land without fuel?

19:55 Can we see farther into the Universe?

21:48 Could superearth inhabitants launch rockets?

23:47 What if my content is wrong?

25:50 Can we predict when a supernova will happen?

Want to be part of the questions show? Ask a short question on any video on my channel. I gather a bunch up each week and answer them here.

Our Book is out!

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Support Universe Today Podcast

No guest this week, just a live QA with me. I counsel people on how to be patient when living on Elon Musk time, what is NASA interested in with the Moon, what's the purpose of human space exploration, and more.

01:23 Starship prototype failure

04:29 Elon Musk time

05:45 Any lunar surface mission objectives?

08:10 What's the purpose of human space exploration?

09:34 How long have I been running Universe Today?

11:45 Did Starship go higher than SLS will ever go?

13:48 Kirk or Picard?

14:44 Is there zero gravity in interstellar space?

17:25 New advanced telescope ideas coming?

19:38 Farewell Freeman Dyson

21:12 Titan, Enceladus or Europa?

22:38 Was WFIRST cancelled?

23:23 Steam powered rocket death

24:19 Is AI dangerous?

28:51 What would be certain evidence of life on another world?

31:35 How does NASA know how much fuel is on the Voyagers?

36:20 How do we know we're going to collide with Andromeda?

38:00 Favorite deep space objects

39:50 Could a Dyson Sphere around a black hole stop the heat death of the Universe?

41:22 What is the Great Attractor?

44:04 Would a laser weapon work in space?

46:59 Do we live in a simulation?

47:35 Is Betelgeuse getting brighter?

48:17 Where is Andromeda's supermassive black hole?

48:38 Influence of Big Canada Arm

50:00 Is the Universe Infinite or Finite?

52:37 What happened to MarsOne?

55:10 Is dark energy in doubt?

57:17 What if we learn that something wasn't true?

Our Book is out!

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Support Universe Today Podcast

Mars has been the destination for so many of our spacecraft, and for good reason, it’s probably the most Earthlike place in the Solar System, with water ice on its surface and reservoirs of the liquid beneath the surface. If we’re going to find life, Mars might be the place.

But the tiny moons orbiting Mars, Phobos and Deimos, are scientifically fascinating on their own, and so far, a mission has never reached them.

Last week, Japan announced that they’ve greenlit their Martian Moon eXploration mission, or MMX, which will launch an orbiter, lander and maybe even a rover to Phobos in 2024, returning samples back to Earth by the end of the decade.

Our Book is out!

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References:

http://mmx.isas.jaxa.jp/en/

http://www.hayabusa2.jaxa.jp/en/

https://www.universetoday.com/145054/japan-is-sending-a-lander-to-phobos/

https://sci.esa.int/web/rosetta

https://solarsystem.nasa.gov/missions/hayabusa/in-depth/

http://mmx-news.isas.jaxa.jp/?p=1016&lang=en

https://solarsystem.nasa.gov/moons/mars-moons/phobos/in-depth/

https://solarsystem.nasa.gov/missions/phobos-grunt/in-depth/

https://www.jpl.nasa.gov/spaceimages/details.php?id=PIA21837

https://www.jpl.nasa.gov/news/news.php?feature=6965

https://www.jpl.nasa.gov/spaceimages/details.php?id=PIA04746

https://www.jpl.nasa.gov/news/news.php?fea

Support Universe Today Podcast

After almost 50 years since the Apollo Moon landing missions ended, NASA announced that they’re going to return to the surface of the Moon with their Artemis mission, ideally taking the first lunar footsteps in 2024.

NASA Administrator Jim Bridenstine asked for additional funding to achieve this goal, and the other branches of government haven’t been as enthusiastic about this plan. So don’t be surprised if the landing date slips to 2028 or even farther.

But NASA is moving forward on its architecture to return humans to the Moon, from its launch rocket to the entire method of getting astronauts down to the surface.

Exactly which rockets, modules and landing systems that will be used are still getting worked out, with different options still getting considered.

Our Book is out!

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Karla Thompson - @karlaii / https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCEItkORQYd4Wf0TpgYI_1fw

Chad Weber - weber.chad@gmail.com

References:

https://www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/apollo/missions/index.html

http://fiso.spiritastro.net/telecon/Kokan_1-29-20/Kokan_1-29-20.pdf

https://spacenews.com/nasa-issues-call-for-proposals-for-human-lunar-landers/

https://www.blueorigin.com/blue-moon

https://mars.nasa.gov/msl/spacecraft/rover/summary/

https://www.space.com/jeff-bezos-blue-origin-artemis-moon-lander-team.html

Support Universe Today Podcast

No guest this week, just a live QA with me. We talked about what China is up to on the Moon and what comes next. How well have we mapped the surface of the Moon. Why has NASA chosen to build the Artemis mission differently from the Apollo missions, and more...

Our Book is out!

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Chad Weber - weber.chad@gmail.com

Support Universe Today Podcast

It’s hard to really wrap your mind around the vast distances between stars. The fastest spacecraft ever launched into an interstellar trajectory right now is Voyager 1. If it was directed at the nearest star, it would take tens of thousands of years to make the journey across the interstellar gulf.

Even so, groups like Breakthrough Starshot and Icarus Interstellar are working on plans right now to try and send spacecraft to other stars, ideally within our lifetimes.

But we can see how quickly technology is advancing all around us, from materials science to high energy physics, not to mention reusable rockets.

It seems reasonable to ask, should we invest in an interstellar mission now, or wait a few decades or even centuries for better technology to come along which could make the trip much shorter?

Watch Chris Hadfield's video:

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Y6woV3encOA

Our Book is out!

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Support us at https://www.patreon.com/universetoday

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Karla Thompson - @karlaii / https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCEItkORQYd4Wf0TpgYI_1fw

Chad Weber - weber.chad@gmail.com

References:

https://breakthroughinitiatives.org/initiative/3

http://www.icarusinterstellar.org/

http://lifeunbounded.blogspot.com/2010/07/summer-reading.html

https://www.researchgate.net/publication/260275150_Interstellar_Travel_-_The_Wait_Calculation_and_the_Incentive_Trap_of_Progress

Support Universe Today Podcast

In this week's live Q&A, and talk about whether or now we're going to need a Prime Directive in the future like Star Trek, and why aliens might have one already, could life exist on a red dwarf, and if balloons could be used to launch rockets.

04:25 Did Solar Probe break orbit?

05:45 Why do we pronounce Dutch words in our English way?

08:09 Will NASA need more money to get to the Moon?

10:54 What will it take to get into the space industry?

14:21 Do we do book reviews on Universe Today?

15:12 What was the coolest thing we saw at the AAS?

16:46 Will we need the Prime Directive in the future?

20:00 Is there a limit to a rocky planet?

20:45 Will there be information panspermia?

22:25 Is there an ultraviolet habitable zone?

23:37 Can we solve global warming without fusion?

25:33 Could life exist on a red dwarf planet?

27:08 Plans for a space elevator on the Moon?

28:43 Was there a second genesis on Mars?

31:19 How do you respond when someone says that abiogenesis isn't possible?

32:10 Will the Russians fly on Crew Dragon?

33:42 When will Bigelow Aerospace actually fly a module?

35:23 Why can't Europe sent people to space?

36:46 How is Solar Orbiter different?

38:31 Is the Skylon still a thing?

41:21 Could we use ballons for rocket launches

43:32 What about aliens that don't want to fly to space?

45:54 How do you escape your sky city on Venus?

46:34 Will hypersonic spaceplanes replace airlines?

48:18 Can nuclear bombs provide propulsion?

49:06 Can there be emission free launches?

51:02 What future telescopes are coming?

52:19 Simulation or multiverse?

54:33 Coronavirus fears?

57:45 Understanding infinite Universes

Our Book is out!

https://www.amazon.com/Universe-Today-Ultimate-Viewing-Cosmos/dp/1624145442/

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Chad Weber - weber.chad@gmail.com

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Near the end of 2019, astronomers watching the red giant Betelgeuse noted how much the star had dimmed, continuing to steadily fade for months.

It’s a variable star, and it’s known to get dimmer and brighter, but the big surprise is that it’s still continuing to dim, recently passing magnitude 1.56 and still getting dimmer. This is unprecedented in the decades that astronomers have been watching the star.

The world’s biggest telescopes are on the case, and the European Southern Observatory released dramatic new images of Betelguese, resolving features on the star’s surface and surrounding area showing how it’s dramatically changed over the course of 2019.

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References:

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=msVuCEs8Ydo

https://twitter.com/betelbot/status/1228395402245890048

https://www.eso.org/public/news/eso2003/

https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/paranal-observatory/vlt/vlt-instr/sphere/

https://www.eso.org/public/images/eso1640a/

https://www.eso.org/public/images/eso2003b/

https://www.eso.org/public/images/eso2003a/

https://www.eso.org/public/images/eso2003d/

https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/paranal-observatory/vlt/vlt-instr/visir/

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In this week's questions show, I talk about how we're in a new space race, and what this means for returning to the Moon. Of course, lots of follow up answers about the Fermi Paradox. Could Betelgeuse release gravitational waves if it explodes? And what is our responsibility if we are truly alone in the Universe?

Follow Dr Jessie Christiansen on Twitter

https://twitter.com/aussiastronomer

00:24 New space race

05:27 How can I say that aliens don't exist?

07:07 Lack of evidence isn't evidence of non-existance

11:00 How can we talk about life in the Universe?

14:50 Are humans inept?

16:25 Could Betelguese released gravitational waves?

19:04 arxiv.org papers aren't peer-reviewed

21:19 If we're alone in the Universe, we shouldn't fight each other

25:18 Is the expansion of the Universe stronger than the expansion force?

27:32 How big a telescope to reveal features on exoplanets?

Want to be part of the questions show? Ask a short question on any video on my channel. I gather a bunch up each week and answer them here.

Our Book is out!

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In this week's questions show, I explain why I've got such a skeptical view about the search for aliens if there might be multiple great filters, and why NASA doesn't just go back and use Apollo hardware to return to the Moon?

Follow Dr. Wright on Twitter:

https://twitter.com/astro_wright

00:40 Are there multiple Great Filters?

02:35 Could we refuel ships in space to land on Mars

06:01 Could we put a light on the Moon to prove what we landed there?

08:18 Will James Webb Launch?

09:52 What will it take to confirm signs of life?

12:30 How long until cosmic rays die down?

16:03 Why don't we just use Apollo hardware to go back to the Moon?

19:46 Why am I so negative?

22:29 Good sources of journals?

25:43 When will you believe that it's actually aliens?

Want to be part of the questions show? Ask a short question on any video on my channel. I gather a bunch up each week and answer them here.

Our Book is out!

https://www.amazon.com/Universe-Today-Ultimate-Viewing-Cosmos/dp/1624145442/

Audio Podcast version:

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On February 9, 2020, the European Space Agency’s Solar Orbiter spacecraft launched from Cape Canaveral Florida on top of an Atlas V 411 spacecraft. The spacecraft’s mission is to fly inside the orbit of Mercury, on a tilted orbit that takes it above and below the Sun, capturing images of the Sun’s poles for the first time.

This is just a year and a half after the launch of NASA’s Parker Solar Probe, which will fly even closer. Together, the two spacecraft will measure the Sun from every angle up close, providing detailed images and insights of our closest star, to help understand how it creates and controls the giant bubble of plasma that surrounds the entire Solar System.

Our Book is out!

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Karla Thompson - @karlaii / https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCEItkORQYd4Wf0TpgYI_1fw

Chad Weber - weber.chad@gmail.com

References:

https://sci.esa.int/web/solar-orbiter/-/liftoff-for-solar-orbiter-esa-s-mission-to-face-the-sun-up-close

https://www.esa.int/Science_Exploration/Space_Science/Solar_Orbiter

http://www.esa.int/ESA_Multimedia/Videos/2019/10/Solar_Orbiter_s_journey_around_the_Sun

http://www.esa.int/Science_Exploration/Space_Science/Ulysses_overview

https://solarsystem.nasa.gov/missions/ulysses/in-depth/

https://www.nasa.gov/content/solar-orbiter-overview

https://sci.esa.int/web/solar-orbiter/-/51169-what-drives-the-solar-wind-and-where-does-the-coronal-magnetic-field-originate-from

https://sci.esa.int/web/solar-orbiter/-/51170-how-do-solar-transients-drive-heliospheric-variability

https://sci.esa.int/web/solar-orbiter/-/51171-how-do-solar-eruptions-produce-energetic-particle-radiation-that-fills-the-heliosphere

https://sci.esa.int/web/solar-orbiter/-/51172-how-does-the-solar-dynamo-work-and-drive-connections-between-the-sun-and-the-heliosphere

https://sci.esa.int/web/solar-orbiter/-/51217-instruments

http://parkersolarprobe.jhuapl.edu/The-Mission/index.php

https://www.eso.org/public/outreach/eduoff/vt-2004/mt-2003/mt-mercury-orbit.html

https://www.esa.int/Enabling_Support/Space_Engineering_Technology/Paint_it_black_Stone_Age_sunscreen_for_Solar_Orbiter

https://www.esa.int/Enabling_Support/Space_Engineering_Technology/Solar_Orbiter_s_shield_takes_Sun_s_heat

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You’re looking at the highest resolution image that has ever been taken of our Sun, using the brand new Daniel K Inouye Solar Telescope in Maui.

These lighter regions are convection cells, blobs of hot gas the size of Texas which have carried heat from deep below the surface of the Sun, releasing it into space. The darker lines are cooler regions, where the material is sinking back down into Sun.

This image is just a demonstration of the incredible power of this 4-meter observatory, which will join NASA’s Parker Solar Probe and ESA’s Solar Orbiter in ushering in the golden age of solar astronomy.

Our Book is out!

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Karla Thompson - @karlaii / https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCEItkORQYd4Wf0TpgYI_1fw

Chad Weber - weber.chad@gmail.com

References:

https://www.nso.edu/inouye-solar-telescope-first-light/

https://www.universetoday.com/144814/destructive-super-solar-storms-hit-us-every-25-years-or-so/

https://www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/stereo/news/stereo_astronauts.html

https://www.nso.edu/telescopes/dkist/dkist-telescope/m1/

https://spie.org/news/1432-large-off-axis-mirrors-key-to-giant-astronomical-telescope?SSO=1

https://www.nso.edu/telescopes/dkist/fact-sheets/resisting-the-heat/

https://www.nso.edu/telescopes/dkist/dkist-telescope/tma/

Support Universe Today Podcast

In this week's questions show, I answer when the cosmic microwave background will shift into radio waves, what the Sun would sound like if space was filled with air, and limits of our knowledge about planets through simulations.

Visit James Davenport's YouTube channel here:

https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCg6zx6fQG_Xo639TIjwJSZA

00:45 When does the CMB turn into radio waves?

03:49 Sounds in space

06:06 How much can we learn about planets through simulations?

09:16 What does clearing an orbit mean?

11:22 Could a science experiment cause the Great Filter?

13:49 What about putting telescopes on ships?

15:45 How hard would it be to send a radio signal out in all directions?

18:05 Is Earth a good place to sustain life, but not create it?

20:05 Will we have an interstellar health organization?

22:02 Why can we find exoplanets, but not planets in the Solar System?

23:12 Why do larger stars have shorter lives?

Want to be part of the questions show? Ask a short question on any video on my channel. I gather a bunch up each week and answer them here.

Our Book is out!

https://www.amazon.com/Universe-Today-Ultimate-Viewing-Cosmos/dp/1624145442/

Audio Podcast version:

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Support us at https://www.patreon.com/universetoday

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Team: Fraser Cain - @fcain / frasercain@gmail.com

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Chad Weber - weber.chad@gmail.com

Support Universe Today Podcast

In this week's life Q&A, I explain why we don't send animals to space any more, why I don't think we'll ever travel faster than the speed of light, and how graveyard orbits work.

00:35 Why don't we send animals to space anymore?

06:02 Will faster than light travel ever possible?

07:34 What are graveyard orbits?

09:05 Should we go to the Moon or Mars?

12:49 High resolution images of the Sun

14:44 How do you refine metal in space?

16:11 Will SLS use pre-flown RS-25 engines

20:48 How will the ISS end?

22:49 Why we'll never build a space elevator

24:40 Is Betelgeuse continuing to dim?

26:30 Do black holes increase in volume?

28:28 What's happening with the DarkSat?

29:56 Would we detect neutrinos from Betelgeuse first?

31:25 Do I think astronomers will use legal action to stop Starlink?

35:15 How's my light pollution?

38:15 What about postponing the Moon landings to 2028?

39:40 Would I attend Stellafane?

41:15 Would I pay for others to access the internet?

42:27 Are winters bad on Vancouver Island?

43:32 Could we use the Sun as a gravitational lens?

44:50 What if the Earth doubles its rotational speed?

48:05 Does the Fermi Paradox apply to all animals?

51:05 Books I'm reading

52:25 When will Ethan Siegel return?

53:52 Can we create simulated lunar regolith?

54:44 Why doesn't gravity slow down light?

57:12 Canadian sounds for the Golden Record

Our Book is out!

https://www.amazon.com/Universe-Today-Ultimate-Viewing-Cosmos/dp/1624145442/

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What Fraser's Watching Playlist:

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Chad Weber - weber.chad@gmail.com

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On Sunday, January 19th, 2020, SpaceX launched a Falcon 9 rocket carrying its newly designed Crew Dragon spacecraft. 84 seconds into flight, at the moment of maximum aerodynamic pressure, the capsule fired its eight SuperDraco thrusters, detaching from the top of the rocket and flying ahead.

Moments after, the Falcon 9 rocket exploded in midair, destroying a completely good rocket, but the capsule was completely safe, jettisoning its trunk and landing gently in the ocean a few minutes later.

Nobody was on board the spacecraft, just a couple of test dummies, but this test proved that in the case of an emergency during the ascent stage fo the mission, Crew Dragon would be able to carry its astronaut crew to safety.

Our Book is out!

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Support us at https://www.patreon.com/universetoday

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Karla Thompson - @karlaii / https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCEItkORQYd4Wf0TpgYI_1fw

Chad Weber - weber.chad@gmail.com

References:

https://spacenews.com/spacex-performs-in-flight-abort-test-of-crew-dragon-spacecraft/

https://ntrs.nasa.gov/archive/nasa/casi.ntrs.nasa.gov/19690017921.pdf

https://www.flickr.com/photos/nasahqphoto/albums/72157649018048375/with/22609781825

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wzIcDDJyTRI

https://spaceflightnow.com/2015/05/06/spacex-crew-capsule-completes-dramatic-abort-test/

https://spacenews.com/boeing-performs-starliner-pad-abort-test/

https://www.nytimes.com/1983/10/12/world/soyuz-accident-quietly-conceded.html

https://www.nationalgeographic.com.au/space/5-myths-of-challenger-shuttle-disaster-debunked.aspx

https://apnews.com/50c3be84147652b242204463a5b036d5

https://www.nasa.gov/press-release/successful-orion-test-brings-nasa-closer-to-moon-mars-missions

https://www.space.com/42319-soyuz-launch-abort-russia-identifies-cause.html

https://www.nytimes.com/1985/07/30/us/challenger-limps-into-a-low-orbit-as-an-engine-fails.html

https://ntrs.nasa.gov/archive/nasa/casi.ntrs.nasa.gov/19690017921.pdf

https://www.independent.co.uk/news/science/nasa-international-space-station-iss-computer-spacewalk-broken-mission-emergency-a7749956.html

http://www.spaceref.com/iss/ops/iss.emergency.ops.pdf

https://history.nasa.gov/afj/ap13fj/10day3-free-return.html

https://engineering.purdue.edu/AAC/wp-content/uploads/2012/09/Inspiration-Mars-2018-Free-Return-Trajectory-Edelman-Hughes-Longuski-Loucks-Carrico-Tito.pdf

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=v6lPMFgZU5Q

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In 2006, astronomers spotted the telltale sign of a supernova detonating in the galaxy NGC 1260, located about 240 million light-years away in the constellation of Perseus. As telescopes around the world turned their collective light-gathering power on the expanding explosion designated as SN 2006gy, they realized they were seeing something very unusual.

This clearly wasn’t a regular supernova. It grew to be 100 times brighter than the typical stellar explosion and lasted much much longer.

More than a decade after that cosmic explosion, astronomers finally think they know what series of events led to the release of this much energy, now called a superluminous supernova. A red giant ate a white dwarf. An event so rare it probably accounts for only 1 in 1000 supernovae.

Our Book is out!

https://www.amazon.com/Universe-Today-Ultimate-Viewing-Cosmos/dp/1624145442/

Audio Podcast version:

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Weekly email newsletter:

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Astronomy Cast:

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Support us at https://www.patreon.com/universetoday

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Team: Fraser Cain - @fcain / frasercain@gmail.com

Karla Thompson - @karlaii / https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCEItkORQYd4Wf0TpgYI_1fw

Chad Weber - weber.chad@gmail.com

References:

https://science.nasa.gov/science-news/science-at-nasa/2007/07may_bigsupernova

https://www.forbes.com/sites/startswithabang/2020/01/24/the-brightest-supernovae-of-all-have-a-suspiciously-common-explanation/#179f6c4e20c0

https://science.sciencemag.org/content/367/6476/415

https://www.mpa-garching.mpg.de/797272/news20200124

https://imagine.gsfc.nasa.gov/science/objects/cataclysmic_variables.html

https://www.space.com/superluminous-supernova-explosion-explained.html

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RZKiWGT4Za4&list=PLbJ42wpShvml6Eg22WjWAR-6QUufHFh2v&index=153&t=0s

Support Universe Today Podcast

In this week's questions show, I explain if we'd be able to see a nuclear bomb explode on the Moon, have we already passed the Great Filter, and where we could put DNA to keep it safe in the Solar System.

00:22 Could we see a nuclear bomb on the Moon?

02:18 Have we already passed the great filter?

05:28 Where could we put our DNA to keep it safe?

07:52 Could rogue planets explain dark matter

09:12 Will Betelgeuse create a nebula?

10:35 ET will use quantum mechanics?

12:04 What if there isn't water on the Moon?

14:00 Low metal stars with planets?

16:20 Could we use neutrinos to communicate through the Moon?

18:19 Why bother astronomy when we should be studying the Solar System?

20:46 Would it be worth it to have Starlink to have more telescopes?

24:35 Will James Webb be good for Solar System objects?

Want to be part of the questions show? Ask a short question on any video on my channel. I gather a bunch up each week, and answer them here.

Our Book is out!

https://www.amazon.com/Universe-Today-Ultimate-Viewing-Cosmos/dp/1624145442/

Audio Podcast version:

ITunes: https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/universe-today-guide-to-space-audio/id794058155?mt=2

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Team: Fraser Cain - @fcain / frasercain@gmail.com

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Chad Weber - weber.chad@gmail.com

Support Universe Today Podcast

Whenever I talk about the search for life in the Universe and its emphasis on water, I get comments that scientists aren’t being creative enough. Why does life rely on water? Couldn’t there be lifeforms which are completely different from life on Earth? Isn’t that the textbook definition of alien?

Astrobiologists have only scratched the surface in their search for life in the Universe, and they’re going after the low-hanging fruit. Since life on Earth can be found wherever there’s water, why not check out the water on other worlds? If that doesn’t pan out, then they’ll expand the search.

But it’s possible there are aliens living right here on Earth among us, in a shadow biosphere, we just haven’t detected them yet.

Thumbnail credit:

http://blogs.esa.int/caves/2019/09/11/a-new-journey-into-earth-for-space-exploration/

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Team: Fraser Cain - @fcain / frasercain@gmail.com

Karla Thompson - @karlaii / https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCEItkORQYd4Wf0TpgYI_1fw

Chad Weber - weber.chad@gmail.com

References:

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2478661/

https://www.jcvi.org/gos

https://aeon.co/ideas/there-are-more-microbial-species-on-earth-than-stars-in-the-sky

https://www.researchgate.net/publication/24206781_Signatures_of_a_Shadow_Biosphere

https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/agricultural-and-biological-sciences/nonprotein-amino-acids

https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/looking-for-life-on-mars-viking-experiment-team-member-reflects-on-divisive-findings/

https://www.livescience.com/64829-hachimoji-dna.html

https://phys.org/news/2012-07-dispel-shadow-biosphere-earth.html

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In this week's questions show, I wonder whether any aliens out there would be nice to us or try to wipe us out. What would be their motivations? Why are planets turning in the wrong direction? Would Betelgeuse generate gravitational waves?

XKCD Solar System Changes

https://m.xkcd.com/2258/

Phil Metger's take:

https://twitter.com/DrPhiltill/status/1220519840315736064

Our Book is out!

https://www.amazon.com/Universe-Today-Ultimate-Viewing-Cosmos/dp/1624145442/

Audio Podcast version:

ITunes: https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/universe-today-guide-to-space-audio/id794058155?mt=2

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In 2015, scientists discovered the telltale signal from ripples of spacetime sweeping over the Earth. It was the very first direct detection of gravitational waves, generated by the merger of two massive black holes 1.3 billion light-years away.

This discovery was the culmination of decades of research and construction of huge instruments called interferometers to detect the warping of spacetime caused by gravitational waves.

Today, the most advanced detectors, the LIGO/VIRGO collaboration, have turned up over 50 gravitational wave discoveries - on average one every week - allowing astronomers to perceive the Universe in a completely different way.

What new gravitational wave instruments are in the works, and what does the future hold for this relatively new field of study?

Our Book is out!

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Audio Podcast version:

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Karla Thompson - @karlaii / https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCEItkORQYd4Wf0TpgYI_1fw

Chad Weber - weber.chad@gmail.com

References:

https://www.ligo.caltech.edu/page/what-is-interferometer

https://www.ligo.caltech.edu/system/media_files/binaries/313/original/LIGOHistory.pdf

https://gwcenter.icrr.u-tokyo.ac.jp/en/plan

http://www.gw-indigo.org/tiki-index.php

https://www.osa-opn.org/home/articles/volume_29/may_2018/features/gravitational_waves_the_road_ahead/

http://www.et-gw.eu/

https://tds.virgo-gw.eu/?call_file=ET-0106C-10.pdf

https://cosmicexplorer.org/

https://arxiv.org/ftp/arxiv/papers/1907/1907.04833.pdf

https://sci.esa.int/web/lisa/-/61367-mission-summary

https://sci.esa.int/web/lisa-pathfinder/-/59238-lisa-pathfinder-to-conclude-trailblazing-mission

https://arxiv.org/pdf/1907.11305.pdf

Support Universe Today Podcast

In this week's questions show, I explain why it doesn't make sense to send a microscope to Mars, how we could use a black hole to see a reflection of Earth and see dinosaurs, and why we don't just send a solar sail down to the Sun.

Featuring Stella Kafka from the American Association of Variable Star Observers

https://www.aavso.org/

00:42 Why no microscopes to Mars?

02:38 Could we see a reflection of Earth?

04:37 Send a solar sail to the Sun?

07:03 How will red dwarfs die?

08:51 Do radio telescopes have pixels?

10:58 Do aliens have to be close to detect us?

13:21 Will civilizations want to settle every star?

15:17 What is expanding in between space?

17:18 Will we get out of balance with nature?

21:42 Do black holes come in different shapes?

24:03 How could a civilization go extinct?

26:37 Are their models for dying stars?

Want to be part of the questions show? Ask a short question on any video on my channel. I gather a bunch up each week, and answer them here.

Our Book is out!

https://www.amazon.com/Universe-Today-Ultimate-Viewing-Cosmos/dp/1624145442/

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Chad Weber - weber.chad@gmail.com

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We’ve now passed the 50th anniversary of the Apollo 11 landing, and all eyes are back on the Moon. NASA is planning to return to the Moon by 2024 with its Artemis mission, the Chinese have put the Moon firmly in their plans for space exploration, and even SpaceX thinks the Moon is the perfect destination to test out the capabilities of its Starship.

But what can you do with the Moon? Refuel spacecraft with resources drawn from the lunar regolith? Mine its helium 3 for your fusion reactors? Build a lunar amusement park?

In fact, the far side of the Moon might make one of the best platforms we have for radio telescopes. One side of the Moon is completely blocked from Earth’s constantly increasing radio traffic, giving it the perfect view to the most sensitive radio signals in the Universe.

Our Book is out!

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Support us at https://www.patreon.com/universetoday

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Team: Fraser Cain - @fcain / frasercain@gmail.com

Karla Thompson - @karlaii / https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCEItkORQYd4Wf0TpgYI_1fw

Chad Weber - weber.chad@gmail.com

References:

https://www.lpi.usra.edu/leag/white-papers-astronomy/FARSIDE_190710_Final.pdf

https://www.cosmos.esa.int/web/planck

https://jwst.nasa.gov/content/science/firstLight.html

https://www.haystack.mit.edu/edu/pcr/Data/pdf/Hydrogen%2021-cm%20Emission%20line-final.pdf

https://www.universetoday.com/144206/theres-now-an-operational-radio-telescope-on-the-far-side-of-the-moon/

Support Universe Today Podcast

This week I'm joined by Professor Greg Eghigian, from Penn State University to talk about the history of UFO sightings and claims of alien contact.

You can read a recent essay by Dr. Eghigian on Smithsonian's Air and Space Magazine:

https://www.airspacemag.com/space/year-ufos-180973965/

And learn more about his work here:

https://history.la.psu.edu/directory/gae2

Our Book is out!

https://www.amazon.com/Universe-Today-Ultimate-Viewing-Cosmos/dp/1624145442/

Audio Podcast version:

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On Monday, January 6th, 2020, another SpaceX Falcon 9 blasted off from Cape Canaveral, carrying another 60 Starlink internet communications satellites, bringing the full size of the constellation to 180. With just three launches, SpaceX becomes the largest satellite operator in the world.

But the company is just getting started. They’re planning to do this again every couple of weeks during 2020, bringing the total number of satellites in the constellation to about 1440, which is enough to provide high-speed internet services to the United States and parts of Canada.

Shortly after launch, as the satellites are raising their altitude, they’re clearly visible to the eye as they streak across the sky in a close train.

Astronomers aren’t happy.

Thumbnail credit: Victoria Girgis/Lowell Observatory

Our Book is out!

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Support us at https://www.patreon.com/universetoday

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Karla Thompson - @karlaii / https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCEItkORQYd4Wf0TpgYI_1fw

Chad Weber - weber.chad@gmail.com

References:

https://www.businessinsider.com/spacex-starlink-internet-satellites-itc-filing-30000-additional-42000-total-2019-10

https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/the-fccs-approval-of-spacexs-starlink-mega-constellation-may-have-been-unlawful/

https://www.theverge.com/2020/1/14/21043229/spacex-starlink-satellite-mega-constellation-concerns-astronomy-space-traffic

https://spacenews.com/spacex-gets-ok-to-re-space-starlink-orbits/

https://www.businessinsider.com/spacex-starlink-satellite-ufo-terminals-how-network-works-2020-1

Support Universe Today Podcast

In this week's questions show, I've got another expert guest answerer. Space News reporter and Space Review editor Jeff Foust answers your tricky spaceflight questions. Could we attach telescopes to Starlinks? What impact will these megaconstellations have on astronomy? What can humans do that robots can't? And more...

Check out Jeff's work at:

https://spacenews.com/

https://www.thespacereview.com/

00:30 Could there be airtight caves on Mars containing atmosphere?

01:26 Why would we actually want to go to Mars?

02:30 Could we attach telescopes to Starlinks?

03:17 Could we do gravity experiments with animals on Earth?

04:34 Has anyone tried to do surgery in space?

05:20 What can humans do in space that robots can't?

06:16 How will Starlink impact astronomy?

07:42 How will megaconstellations affect launches?

Want to be part of the questions show? Ask a short question on any video on my channel. I gather a bunch up each week, and answer them here.

Our Book is out!

https://www.amazon.com/Universe-Today-Ultimate-Viewing-Cosmos/dp/1624145442/

Audio Podcast version:

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Chad Weber - weber.chad@gmail.com

Support Universe Today Podcast

Thanks to our good friends at Oceanside Photo and Telescope, our livestreaming telescope is back online. I featured a couple of quick pics I took with the telescope during a test stream on Twitch Sunday night.

I also answered questions about our trip to the AAS in Hawaii, if it's possible to make a more powerful telescope out of smaller telescopes, and why the ISS doesn't have an artificial magnetosphere.

02:20 New pictures from the telescope

04:30 American Astronomical Society meeting in Hawaii

07:45 Can we make a big telescope out of smaller telescopes?

11:59 Why don't we make a magnetic field around ISS?

14:10 Why hasn't TESS found many planets?

17:20 Has my opinion on the Fermi Paradox changed?

20:10 How do Type 1a supernovae form?

22:18 Can New Horizons flyby more objects?

23:50 How can we detect life if we're seeing the past?

26:19 Any plans for next generation of Hubble?

29:08 Any cool new images at AAS?

31:05 What about Origins?

31:44 Did I read many posters?

35:59 Are we the first civilization?

37:44 Next decadal survey?

39:00 How can evidence of civilization disappear?

41:35 Does the Solar System have too many planets?

43:55 Should humanity spread life into the Universe?

45:38 Interesting conversations at AAS?

49:07 Why focus on Mars?

51:20 Shouldn't we focus on asteroid defense?

53:04 Does Starlink increase the odds of a Kessler Syndrome?

Want to see the experiments, join me at:

https://www.twitch.tv/fcain

Our Book is out!

https://www.amazon.com/Universe-Today-Ultimate-Viewing-Cosmos/dp/1624145442/

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Chad Weber - weber.chad@gmail.com

Support Universe Today Podcast

Once again, at the AAS Meeting in Hawaii, I got a chance to sit down with another astronomer to talk about their research. This time it was Dr. David Kipping from Columbia University's Cool World's Lab. We talked about how easy it'll be for aliens to know our planet is inhabited, and some ways we might be able to hide the evidence of our existence.

Check out Cool Worlds:

https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCGHZpIpAWJQ-Jy_CeCdXhMA

Follow David on Twitter:

https://twitter.com/david_kipping

Our Book is out!

https://www.amazon.com/Universe-Today-Ultimate-Viewing-Cosmos/dp/1624145442/

Audio Podcast version:

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Chad Weber - weber.chad@gmail.com

Support Universe Today Podcast

At the American Astronomical Society's meeting Honolulu I got a chance to talk with Adam Frank about new research he's worked with Caleb Scharf, Jonathan Carroll-Nellenback and Jason Wright about the Fermi Paradox. They calculated how difficult it would be for aliens traveling at 10% the speed of light to settle the entire Milky Way, and it turns out, it's not as simple as you might think.

Visit Adam Frank's website:

https://www.adamfrankscience.com/

Read the article at Scientific American here:

https://blogs.scientificamerican.com/life-unbounded/galactic-extremism/

Our Book is out!

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Chad Weber - weber.chad@gmail.com

Support Universe Today Podcast

In this week's Open Space QA, I respond to complaints about my Betelgeuse video, wonder about alien civilizations stuck in heavy gravity, and consider whether we could terraform Earth to make it better.

03:30 Betelgeuse video comments

08:30 Can gravitational waves travel at the speed of light

11:45 Can we terraform Earth to a better place?

13:38 Could there be civilizations stuck in heavy G?

15:39 Artemis or capture a NEO?

18:12 Could other planets have oil?

19:17 Is math universal?

21:38 What am I reading?

23:47 What kinds of pictures will James Webb take?

24:55 When humans walk on Mars?

27:04 Why don't I get older?

27:42 How many satellite constellations will there be?

28:44 Collecting questions

31:00 How can satellite internet compete?

31:35 Will James Webb be extra fragile?

32:20 Stream Rimworld?

33:11 How do you find sanity considering the infinite Universe

35:25 Should we care about the Universe that we can't see?

37:07 Disappearing stars?

37:30 Can we agree on the Hubble constant yet?

37:55 Speed of magnetism

38:23 First destination with a FTL spaceship

39:52 Do black holes run out of energy?

40:45 Do black holes eat spacetime?

41:50 How important are plate tectonics for life?

43:00 Is there a limit to satellite constellations?

45:10 Why don't you answer my questions?

45:52 Biggest threat from space?

48:13 Will Starlink be a problem for astronomers

50:00 String Theory, science or philosophy?

51:45 Simulation hypothesis, science or philosophy?

51:16 Which telescope to buy?

55:45 When will there be independent settlements in space?

56:45 How to protect astronauts inside Orion?

57:52 How long is a supernova dangerous?

58:21 What did I think of Consider Phlebas?

Our Book is out!

https://www.amazon.com/Universe-Today-Ultimate-Viewing-Cosmos/dp/1624145442/

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Team: Fraser Cain - @fcain / frasercain@gmail.com

Karla Thompson - @karlaii / https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCEItkORQYd4Wf0TpgYI_1fw

Chad Weber - weber.chad@gmail.com

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This week's questions show was recorded at the 235th Meeting of the American Astronomical Society in Honolulu, Hawaii. I was lucky enough to have 3,500 astronomers, space scientists and others to talk with. Ethan Siegel from "Starts with a Bang" is back, and this time he's answering your questions about space and astronomy.

Visit his blog here:

https://www.forbes.com/sites/startswithabang/#5bfca02e2c5e

Follow Ethan on Twitter:

https://twitter.com/StartsWithABang

Want to be part of the questions show? Ask a short question on any video on my channel. I gather a bunch up each week, and answer them here.

Our Book is out!

https://www.amazon.com/Universe-Today-Ultimate-Viewing-Cosmos/dp/1624145442/

Audio Podcast version:

ITunes: https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/universe-today-guide-to-space-audio/id794058155?mt=2

RSS: https://www.universetoday.com/audio

Weekly email newsletter:

https://www.universetoday.com/newsletter

Weekly Space Hangout:

https://www.youtube.com/channel/UC0-KklSGlCiJDwOPdR2EUcg/

Astronomy Cast:

https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCUHI67dh9jEO2rvK--MdCSg

Support us at: https://www.patreon.com/universetoday

More stories at: https://www.universetoday.com/

Twitch: https://twitch.tv/fcain

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Like us on Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/universetoday

Instagram - https://instagram.com/universetoday

Team: Fraser Cain - @fcain / frasercain@gmail.com

Karla Thompson - @karlaii / https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCEItkORQYd4Wf0TpgYI_1fw

Chad Weber - weber.chad@gmail.com

Support Universe Today Podcast

In this week's questions show I explain how we'll ever study 100 million planets, what's the business case for space exploration, and how I pull the questions together for these shows.

00:42 Can we ever study all the planets?

03:33 Return on investment from space exploration?

03:35 Will we become a post-scarcity economy?

05:59 Why not a better Mars simulation?

08:16 How do I manage the QAs?

10:10 What will low gravity do to humans?

12:04 Private industry will explore space?

14:17 Where will power on Mars come from?

16:18 Expanse, Season 4!

17:54 How would the skies look on Mars?

18:47 Who gets the resources of a planet?

21:05 Are smaller content creators getting squeezed?

23:16 Is 100 million exoplanets just a guess?

Want to be part of the questions show? Ask a short question on any video on my channel. I gather a bunch up each week, and answer them here.

Our Book is out!

https://www.amazon.com/Universe-Today-Ultimate-Viewing-Cosmos/dp/1624145442/

Audio Podcast version:

ITunes: https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/universe-today-guide-to-space-audio/id794058155?mt=2

RSS: https://www.universetoday.com/audio

Weekly email newsletter:

https://www.universetoday.com/newsletter

Weekly Space Hangout:

https://www.youtube.com/channel/UC0-KklSGlCiJDwOPdR2EUcg/

Astronomy Cast:

https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCUHI67dh9jEO2rvK--MdCSg

Support us at: https://www.patreon.com/universetoday

More stories at: https://www.universetoday.com/

Twitch: https://twitch.tv/fcain

Follow us on Twitter: @universetoday

Like us on Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/universetoday

Instagram - https://instagram.com/universetoday

Team: Fraser Cain - @fcain / frasercain@gmail.com

Karla Thompson - @karlaii / https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCEItkORQYd4Wf0TpgYI_1fw

Chad Weber - weber.chad@gmail.com

Support Universe Today Podcast