Universe Today Podcast

Lagrange Points. Stable spots in space that you just can’t stop thinking about. What spacecraft work best in which places? What are some amazing ideas that could utilize these regions across the Solar System?

In the last episode, I gave an overview of the Lagrange points, and then went into the details of spacecraft missions sent to L1, the perfect place to constantly observe the Sun, the Earth, or to block radiation coming from the Sun. The best place for a lunar elevator, or a spot to put a space station at the Moon.

This week, we’re going to talk about L2 and L3, the other meta-unstable spots that you can park a spacecraft at.

Our Book is out!

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Audio Podcast version:

ITunes: https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/universe-today-guide-to-space-audio/id794058155?mt=2

RSS: https://www.universetoday.com/audio

What Fraser's Watching Playlist:

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Weekly email newsletter:

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https://www.youtube.com/channel/UC0-KklSGlCiJDwOPdR2EUcg/

Astronomy Cast:

https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCUHI67dh9jEO2rvK--MdCSg

Support us at: http://www.patreon.com/universetoday

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Team: Fraser Cain - @fcain / frasercain@gmail.com

Karla Thompson - @karlaii / https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCEItkORQYd4Wf0TpgYI_1fw

Chad Weber - weber.chad@gmail.com

References:

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0WN7lS9bpB4

https://map.gsfc.nasa.gov/mission/observatory_l2.html

https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00568378/document

https://www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/stereo/main/index.html

https://www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/stereo/news/entire-sun.html

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=598UtgxFd1E

https://map.gsfc.nasa.gov/

https://wind.nasa.gov/

http://sci.esa.int/herschel/

https://www.esa.int/Our_Activities/Space_Science/Herschel/The_largest_infrared_space_telescope

https://www.esa.int/Our_Activities/Space_Science/Planck

http://sci.esa.int/gaia/

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lxgdcG_NQyA

http://www.russianspaceweb.com/spektr_rg.html

https://www.bbc.com/news/science-environment-49504866

https://www.theatlantic.com/science/archive/2018/07/nasa-james-webb-space-telescope-northrop-grumman-cost/566186/

https://www.jwst.nasa.gov/

http://sci.esa.int/euclid/

https://www.nasa.gov/content/goddard/wfirst-wide-field-infrared-survey-telescope

http://sci.esa.int/plato/

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uCTGIxmM-e4

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=p0SMNucXwgo

http://sci.esa.int/athena/

https://arxiv.org/ftp/arxiv/papers/1211/1211.3462.pdf

https://www.universetoday.com/142896/the-lunar-gateway-will-be-in-a-near-rectilinear-halo-orbit/

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=q2c7nZB-040

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In this week's questions show, I introduce Ona, by request. I explain why I don't think going to space is going to fix the big challenges that humanity faces, and how do astronomers figure out how big a planet is?

Talking about existential threats with Phil Torres

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XKYTrKapyrs

00:00 Meet Ona

02:00 Will going to space fix our evil humanness?

04:40 Sparks under the space shuttle main engine

05:27 How do we know how big a planet is?

07:23 Can we push the Earth outward?

10:03 Why make so many telescopes?

11:50 Will we see less of the Universe in the future?

13:16 Will we have space colonies in my lifetime?

15:50 Is life beyond the scope of our ability to observe?

17:56 What about planets with long orbital periods?

19:57 What would happen if magnetars collided?

21:44 What will the CMB look like in billions of years?

Want to be part of the questions show? Ask a short question on any video on my channel. I gather a bunch up each week, and answer them here.

Our Book is out!

https://www.amazon.com/Universe-Today-Ultimate-Viewing-Cosmos/dp/1624145442/

Audio Podcast version:

ITunes: https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/universe-today-guide-to-space-audio/id794058155?mt=2

RSS: https://www.universetoday.com/audio

What Fraser's Watching Playlist:

https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLbJ42wpShvmkjd428BcHcCEVWOjv7cJ1G

Weekly email newsletter:

https://www.universetoday.com/newsletter

Weekly Space Hangout:

https://www.youtube.com/channel/UC0-KklSGlCiJDwOPdR2EUcg/

Astronomy Cast:

https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCUHI67dh9jEO2rvK--MdCSg

Support us at: http://www.patreon.com/universetoday

More stories at: http://www.universetoday.com/

Twitch: https://twitch.tv/fcain

Follow us on Twitter: @universetoday

Like us on Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/universetoday

Instagram - https://instagram.com/universetoday

Team: Fraser Cain - @fcain / frasercain@gmail.com

Karla Thompson - @karlaii / https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCEItkORQYd4Wf0TpgYI_1fw

Chad Weber - weber.chad@gmail.com

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Thanks to gravity, there are places across the Solar System which are nicely balanced. They’re called Lagrange Points and they give us the perfect vantage points for a range of spacecraft missions, from observing the Sun to studying asteroids, and more.

Various spacecraft have already visited Lagrange Points, used them for some or all of their missions, and there are fascinating plans in the works that could put new missions and even space colonies into these balanced places in the Solar System.

Let’s explore the Lagrange Points.

Our Book is out!

https://www.amazon.com/Universe-Today-Ultimate-Viewing-Cosmos/dp/1624145442/

Audio Podcast version:

ITunes: https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/universe-today-guide-to-space-audio/id794058155?mt=2

RSS: https://www.universetoday.com/audio

What Fraser's Watching Playlist:

https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLbJ42wpShvmkjd428BcHcCEVWOjv7cJ1G

Weekly email newsletter:

https://www.universetoday.com/newsletter

Weekly Space Hangout:

https://www.youtube.com/channel/UC0-KklSGlCiJDwOPdR2EUcg/

Astronomy Cast:

https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCUHI67dh9jEO2rvK--MdCSg

Support us at: http://www.patreon.com/universetoday

More stories at: http://www.universetoday.com/

Twitch: https://twitch.tv/fcain

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Like us on Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/universetoday

Instagram - https://instagram.com/universetoday

Team: Fraser Cain - @fcain / frasercain@gmail.com

Karla Thompson - @karlaii / https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCEItkORQYd4Wf0TpgYI_1fw

Chad Weber - weber.chad@gmail.com

References:

https://solarsystem.nasa.gov/resources/754/what-is-a-lagrange-point/

http://www.planetary.org/blogs/emily-lakdawalla/2014/02070836-isee-3.html

http://sci.esa.int/lisa-pathfinder/47363-fact-sheet/

https://neocam.ipac.caltech.edu/page/Orbit

https://www.pnas.org/content/103/46/17184.full#sec-7

https://phys.org/news/2017-03-nasa-magnetic-shield-mars-atmosphere.html

https://www.researchgate.net/publication/268569275_Terraforming_Venus_A_Challenging_Project_for_Future_Colonization

https://www.nasa.gov/pdf/604657main_4-%20GER%20Stakeholders%20Workshop%20Earth-Moon%20L1_L2%20Bobskill.pdf

http://www.niac.usra.edu/files/library/meetings/fellows/mar05/1032Pearson.pdf

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One of the great accomplishments of the Apollo missions was to bring home hundreds of kilograms of lunar rock. Suddenly, geologists had a lifetime’s worth of lunar samples captured from several different spots across the Moon. These rocks and dust have been under continuous analysis since the Apollo 11 astronauts came home over 50 years ago.

And they’re still making discoveries.

Scientists have samples of the Sun’s solar wind, particles from a comet’s tail, a few grams from an asteroid, with more coming shortly.

But there’s one world, the focus of so much scientific study, which has never had a sample returned: Mars.

NASA and the European Space Agency have been making plans to bring a sample home from Mars for decades, and now, missions could fly in the next few years, finally bringing a chunk of the Red Planet home to Earth for us to study directly.

Our Book is out!

https://www.amazon.com/Universe-Today-Ultimate-Viewing-Cosmos/dp/1624145442/

Audio Podcast version:

ITunes: https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/universe-today-guide-to-space-audio/id794058155?mt=2

RSS: https://www.universetoday.com/audio

What Fraser's Watching Playlist:

https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLbJ42wpShvmkjd428BcHcCEVWOjv7cJ1G

Weekly email newsletter:

https://www.universetoday.com/newsletter

Weekly Space Hangout:

https://www.youtube.com/channel/UC0-KklSGlCiJDwOPdR2EUcg/

Astronomy Cast:

https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCUHI67dh9jEO2rvK--MdCSg

Support us at: http://www.patreon.com/universetoday

More stories at: http://www.universetoday.com/

Twitch: https://twitch.tv/fcain

Follow us on Twitter: @universetoday

Like us on Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/universetoday

Instagram - https://instagram.com/universetoday

Team: Fraser Cain - @fcain / frasercain@gmail.com

Karla Thompson - @karlaii / https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCEItkORQYd4Wf0TpgYI_1fw

Chad Weber - weber.chad@gmail.com

References:

https://solarsystem.nasa.gov/missions/cassini/mission/quick-facts/#targetText=MISSION&targetText=Total%20distance%20traveled%3A%20At%20Cassini's,trajectory%20from%20Earth%20to%20Saturn.

https://solarsystem.nasa.gov/missions/luna-16/in-depth/

https://www.jpl.nasa.gov/missions/genesis/

https://stardust.jpl.nasa.gov/home/index.html

https://solarsystem.nasa.gov/missions/hayabusa/in-depth/

https://mepag.jpl.nasa.gov/reports/E2E-iSAG_FINAL_REPORT.pdf

https://www.lpi.usra.edu/meetings/metsoc2001/pdf/5452.pdf

https://sites.nationalacademies.org/cs/groups/ssbsite/documents/webpage/ssb_059308.pdf

https://www.esa.int/Our_Activities/Human_and_Robotic_Exploration/Exploration/ExoMars/Europe_to_Mars_and_back

https://www.esa.int/Our_Activities/Human_and_Robotic_Exploration/Exploration/ExoMars/Europe_to_Mars_and_back

https://www.hou.usra.edu/meetings/ninthmars2019/pdf/6369.pdf

https://www.esa.int/Our_Activities/Human_and_Robotic_Exploration/Exploration/ExoMars/Europe_to_Mars_and_back

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As I’ve mentioned in several episodes now, humanity is in a bit of a transition period, a time when it makes sense to launch material up and out of Earth’s gravity well into orbit, and beyond. But it’s really expensive, costing up to $10,000 per pound you want in orbit, and 10 times if you want it on the Moon.

But over the coming decades, more and more of our space-based infrastructure will be built in space, manufactured out of materials that were mined in space.

The only thing that’ll actually need to leave the Earth’s clingy gravity well will be us, the humans, the tourists, wanting to visit all that space infrastructure.

Of course, in order to achieve that space future, engineers and mission planners will need to design and construct the technology that will make this possible.

That means testing out new prototypes, technologies and methodologies for mining and space-based manufacturing.

Our Book is out!

https://www.amazon.com/Universe-Today-Ultimate-Viewing-Cosmos/dp/1624145442/

Audio Podcast version:

ITunes: https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/universe-today-guide-to-space-audio/id794058155?mt=2

RSS: https://www.universetoday.com/audio

What Fraser's Watching Playlist:

https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLbJ42wpShvmkjd428BcHcCEVWOjv7cJ1G

Weekly email newsletter:

https://www.universetoday.com/newsletter

Weekly Space Hangout:

https://www.youtube.com/channel/UC0-KklSGlCiJDwOPdR2EUcg/

Astronomy Cast:

https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCUHI67dh9jEO2rvK--MdCSg

Support us at: http://www.patreon.com/universetoday

More stories at: http://www.universetoday.com/

Twitch: https://twitch.tv/fcain

Follow us on Twitter: @universetoday

Like us on Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/universetoday

Instagram - https://instagram.com/universetoday

Team: Fraser Cain - @fcain / frasercain@gmail.com

Karla Thompson - @karlaii / https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCEItkORQYd4Wf0TpgYI_1fw

Chad Weber - weber.chad@gmail.com

References:

https://arstechnica.com/science/2019/07/nasas-technology-program-funds-ambitious-in-space-manufacturing-mission/

https://www.nasa.gov/press-release/nasa-funds-demo-of-3d-printed-spacecraft-parts-made-assembled-in-orbit

https://www.jpl.nasa.gov/news/news.php?feature=4818

https://www.nasa.gov/press-release/nasa-announces-new-partnerships-to-develop-space-exploration-technologies

https://madeinspace.us/press-releases/made-in-space-inc-completes-successful-ground-based-manufacturing-assembly-testing-for-archinaut-program/

https://www.space.com/40516-made-in-space-vulcan-nasa-contract.html

https://madeinspace.us/capabilities-and-technology/vulcan/

https://www.nasa.gov/sites/default/files/atoms/files/upward3_3_book_v4_web.pdf

https://madeinspace.us/capabilities-and-technology/plastic-recycler/

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In this week's questions show, I explain why all the planets astronomers have found are so bizarre. Couldn't we use laser highways to go faster? Is the lunar gateway really a lunar tollbooth?

00:14 Why do planets orbit so quickly?

02:33 What about laser highways?

03:57 Is the Lunar Gateway a Lunar Tollbooth?

07:15 How much artificial gravity is needed for human health?

08:43 Will Titan turn into Earth as the Sun expands?

10:14 Could Mars colonists work at night?

11:41 How do we know the temperatures of exoplanets?

13:00 Does the Moon affect satellite orbits?

14:50 Where will we find life first?

16:24 What's happening in real time?

17:57 Could we predict when something will crash into Sgr A*

Want to be part of the questions show? Ask a short question on any video on my channel. I gather a bunch up each week, and answer them here.

Our Book is out!

https://www.amazon.com/Universe-Today-Ultimate-Viewing-Cosmos/dp/1624145442/

Audio Podcast version:

ITunes: https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/universe-today-guide-to-space-audio/id794058155?mt=2

RSS: https://www.universetoday.com/audio

What Fraser's Watching Playlist:

https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLbJ42wpShvmkjd428BcHcCEVWOjv7cJ1G

Weekly email newsletter:

https://www.universetoday.com/newsletter

Weekly Space Hangout:

https://www.youtube.com/channel/UC0-KklSGlCiJDwOPdR2EUcg/

Astronomy Cast:

https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCUHI67dh9jEO2rvK--MdCSg

Support us at: http://www.patreon.com/universetoday

More stories at: http://www.universetoday.com/

Twitch: https://twitch.tv/fcain

Follow us on Twitter: @universetoday

Like us on Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/universetoday

Instagram - https://instagram.com/universetoday

Team: Fraser Cain - @fcain / frasercain@gmail.com

Karla Thompson - @karlaii / https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCEItkORQYd4Wf0TpgYI_1fw

Chad Weber - weber.chad@gmail.com

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Mars is the place that most of our spacecraft, landers and rovers are studying, searching for any evidence that life ever existed somewhere else in the Solar System.

But talk to planetary scientists, and they’re just as excited about the ocean worlds of the Solar System; the moons, asteroids, dwarf planets and Kuiper Belt objects where there could be vast oceans of liquid water under thick shells of ice.

The perfect environment for life to thrive.

We’ve only had tantalizing hints that these oceans are there, but NASA is building a spacecraft that will study one of these worlds in detail: the Europa Clipper. And they’re not the only ones. The European Space Agency is building their own mission, the Jupiter Icy Moons Explorer.

Our Book is out!

https://www.amazon.com/Universe-Today-Ultimate-Viewing-Cosmos/dp/1624145442/

Audio Podcast version:

ITunes: https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/universe-today-guide-to-space-audio/id794058155?mt=2

RSS: https://www.universetoday.com/audio

What Fraser's Watching Playlist:

https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLbJ42wpShvmkjd428BcHcCEVWOjv7cJ1G

Weekly email newsletter:

https://www.universetoday.com/newsletter

Weekly Space Hangout:

https://www.youtube.com/channel/UC0-KklSGlCiJDwOPdR2EUcg/

Astronomy Cast:

https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCUHI67dh9jEO2rvK--MdCSg

Support us at: http://www.patreon.com/universetoday

More stories at: http://www.universetoday.com/

Twitch: https://twitch.tv/fcain

Follow us on Twitter: @universetoday

Like us on Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/universetoday

Instagram - https://instagram.com/universetoday

Team: Fraser Cain - @fcain / frasercain@gmail.com

Karla Thompson - @karlaii / https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCEItkORQYd4Wf0TpgYI_1fw

Chad Weber - weber.chad@gmail.com

References:

https://europa.nasa.gov/about-europa/ocean/

https://solarsystem.nasa.gov/missions/galileo/overview/

https://www.jpl.nasa.gov/news/news.php?feature=6772

https://europa.nasa.gov/about-clipper/instruments/

https://spacenews.com/europa-or-enceladus-if-nasa-switches-from-sls-to-falcon-heavy-it-wont-have-to-choose/

https://www.jpl.nasa.gov/news/news.php?feature=7122

https://docs.house.gov/meetings/AP/AP00/20190522/109552/HMKP-116-AP00-20190522-SD002.pdf

https://www.sciencemag.org/news/2019/05/without-champion-europa-lander-falls-nasa-s-back-burner

https://www.theverge.com/2018/11/10/18075556/jupiter-moon-europa-lander-nasa-john-culberson-midterms-life

https://newatlas.com/europa-giant-ice-spikes/56704/

http://sci.esa.int/juice/49837-juice-assessment-study-report-yellow-book/#

http://sci.esa.int/juice/50068-science-objectives/

https://solarsystem.nasa.gov/moons/jupiter-moons/ganymede/in-depth/

http://sci.esa.int/juice/61415-arianespace-and-esa-announce-jupiter-icy-moons-explorer-launch-contract/

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On Tuesday, July 30th, NASA announced 19 different partnerships with 13 different companies to use their expertise to help them develop space technologies, from advanced communications systems to new methods of entry, descent and landing.

Instead of contracting out specific projects, NASA will make its employees, facilities, hardware and software available to these companies, for free.

One of the most notable of these partnerships will be with SpaceX and NASA’s Glenn and Marshall Centers to help advance the technology of transferring propellant in orbit.

In other words, NASA is going to help SpaceX figure out how to refuel a spacecraft while it’s in space. And if they can figure this out, it could completely change the way missions are launched and flown.

Everyday Astronaut - Raptor Engine

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LbH1ZDImaI8

Article from Ars Technica about the ACES Program

https://arstechnica.com/science/2019/08/rocket-scientist-says-that-boeing-squelched-work-on-propellant-depots/

Our Book is out!

https://www.amazon.com/Universe-Today-Ultimate-Viewing-Cosmos/dp/1624145442/

Audio Podcast version:

ITunes: https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/universe-today-guide-to-space-audio/id794058155?mt=2

RSS: https://www.universetoday.com/audio

What Fraser's Watching Playlist:

https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLbJ42wpShvmkjd428BcHcCEVWOjv7cJ1G

Weekly email newsletter:

https://www.universetoday.com/newsletter

Weekly Space Hangout:

https://www.youtube.com/channel/UC0-KklSGlCiJDwOPdR2EUcg/

Astronomy Cast:

https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCUHI67dh9jEO2rvK--MdCSg

Support us at: http://www.patreon.com/universetoday

More stories at: http://www.universetoday.com/

Twitch: https://twitch.tv/fcain

Follow us on Twitter: @universetoday

Like us on Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/universetoday

Instagram - https://instagram.com/universetoday

Team: Fraser Cain - @fcain / frasercain@gmail.com

Karla Thompson - @karlaii / https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCEItkORQYd4Wf0TpgYI_1fw

Chad Weber - weber.chad@gmail.com

References:

https://www.nasa.gov/press-release/nasa-announces-us-industry-partnerships-to-advance-moon-mars-technology

https://www.spacex.com/mars

https://ntrs.nasa.gov/archive/nasa/casi.ntrs.nasa.gov/20000121212.pdf

https://www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/station/structure/elements/progress_about.html

https://sspd.gsfc.nasa.gov/robotic_refueling_mission.html

https://www.ulalaunch.com/docs/default-source/exploration/evolving-to-a-depot-based-space-transportation-architecture.pdf

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Bu72H3jMpuY

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BbZKfno1KNc

https://arstechnica.com/science/2019/08/rocket-scientist-says-that-boeing-squelched-work-on-propellant-depots/

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In this week's questions show, I answer if techno optimism is blinding us to the challenges of spaceflight, why there aren't spacecraft at all the planets right now, could the Great Attractor be dark matter? And more...

Links to various raw images

Cassini - https://solarsystem.nasa.gov/raw-images/raw-image-viewer/?order=earth_date+desc&per_page=50&page=0

Curiosity - https://mars.nasa.gov/msl/multimedia/raw/#/?slide=2496

Dawn - https://solarsystem.nasa.gov/missions/dawn/galleries/images/?page=0&per_page=25&order=created_at+desc&search=&tags=dawn&condition_1=1%3Ais_in_resource_list&category=51

00:33 Is techno-optimism blinding us to challenges of spaceflight

04:17 Why aren't there spacecraft at all the planets right now?

06:22 What if the Universe wraps?

08:39 Could the Great Attractor be dark matter?

10:21 What's the biggest telescope that could be built on the Moon?

11:50 Open your mind to crop circles

13:59 How do you steer a solar sail?

16:25 Twin planets in L3 Lagrange Points?

18:23 Shouldn't the frost line move outward?

19:59 Can a red giant support life?

22:07 What if astronauts get sick?

24:07 How does the radial velocity method detect multiple planets?

Want to be part of the questions show? Ask a short question on any video on my channel. I gather a bunch up each week, and answer them here.

Our Book is out!

https://www.amazon.com/Universe-Today-Ultimate-Viewing-Cosmos/dp/1624145442/

Audio Podcast version:

ITunes: https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/universe-today-guide-to-space-audio/id794058155?mt=2

RSS: https://www.universetoday.com/audio

What Fraser's Watching Playlist:

https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLbJ42wpShvmkjd428BcHcCEVWOjv7cJ1G

Weekly email newsletter:

https://www.universetoday.com/newsletter

Weekly Space Hangout:

https://www.youtube.com/channel/UC0-KklSGlCiJDwOPdR2EUcg/

Astronomy Cast:

https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCUHI67dh9jEO2rvK--MdCSg

Support us at: http://www.patreon.com/universetoday

More stories at: http://www.universetoday.com/

Twitch: https://twitch.tv/fcain

Follow us on Twitter: @universetoday

Like us on Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/universetoday

Instagram - https://instagram.com/universetoday

Team: Fraser Cain - @fcain / frasercain@gmail.com

Karla Thompson - @karlaii / https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCEItkORQYd4Wf0TpgYI_1fw

Chad Weber - weber.chad@gmail.com

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It’s amazing to think there are telescopes up in space, right now, directing their gaze at distant objects for hours, days and even weeks. Providing a point of view so stable and accurate that we can learn details about galaxies, exoplanets and more.

And then, when the time is up, the spacecraft can shift its gaze in another direction. All without the use of fuel.

It’s all thanks to the technology of reaction wheels and gyroscopes. Let’s talk about how they work, how they’re different, and how their failure has ended missions in the past.

06:49 Scientists May Have Figure Out Why So Many Spacecraft Were Failing - https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KibT-PEMHUU

Our Book is out!

https://www.amazon.com/Universe-Today-Ultimate-Viewing-Cosmos/dp/1624145442/

Audio Podcast version:

ITunes: https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/universe-today-guide-to-space-audio/id794058155?mt=2

RSS: https://www.universetoday.com/audio

What Fraser's Watching Playlist:

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Weekly email newsletter:

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https://www.youtube.com/channel/UC0-KklSGlCiJDwOPdR2EUcg/

Astronomy Cast:

https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCUHI67dh9jEO2rvK--MdCSg

Support us at: http://www.patreon.com/universetoday

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Team: Fraser Cain - @fcain / frasercain@gmail.com

Karla Thompson - @karlaii / https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCEItkORQYd4Wf0TpgYI_1fw

Chad Weber - weber.chad@gmail.com

References:

https://www.nature.com/news/the-wheels-come-off-kepler-1.13032

http://www.planetary.org/blogs/jason-davis/lightsail-2-successful-flight-by-light.html

https://astrobites.org/2013/05/21/kepler-reaction-wheel-failure-cripples-spacecraft-but-mission-thrives/

https://www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/dawn/news/dawn20120418.html

https://www.jpl.nasa.gov/blog/2016/1/dawns-sunny-side-views-of-dwarf-planet-ceres/#RWAs

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KibT-PEMHUU

https://www.spacetelescope.org/announcements/ann1818/

https://jwst.nasa.gov/content/forScientists/faqScientists.html#wheels

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DFmOr1vMOT4

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NASA’s Transiting Exoplanet Survey Telescope launched back in April, 2018. After a few months of testing, it was ready to begin mapping the southern sky, searching for planets orbiting stars relatively nearby.

We’re just over a year into the mission now, and on July 18th, TESS has shifted its attention to the Northern Hemisphere, continuing the hunt for planets in the northern skies.

As part of this shift, NASA has announced a handful of fascinating new planets turned up by TESS, including a couple of worlds in categories which have never been seen before.

Farewell Kepler, Welcome TESS

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xiBqpsedsHE

Our Book is out!

https://www.amazon.com/Universe-Today-Ultimate-Viewing-Cosmos/dp/1624145442/

Audio Podcast version:

ITunes: https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/universe-today-guide-to-space-audio/id794058155?mt=2

RSS: https://www.universetoday.com/audio

What Fraser's Watching Playlist:

https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLbJ42wpShvmkjd428BcHcCEVWOjv7cJ1G

Weekly email newsletter:

https://www.universetoday.com/newsletter

Weekly Space Hangout:

https://www.youtube.com/channel/UC0-KklSGlCiJDwOPdR2EUcg/

Astronomy Cast:

https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCUHI67dh9jEO2rvK--MdCSg

Support us at: http://www.patreon.com/universetoday

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Team: Fraser Cain - @fcain / frasercain@gmail.com

Karla Thompson - @karlaii / https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCEItkORQYd4Wf0TpgYI_1fw

Chad Weber - weber.chad@gmail.com

References:

https://www.nasa.gov/feature/goddard/2019/nasa-s-tess-mission-completes-first-year-of-survey-turns-to-northern-sky

https://www.nasa.gov/content/goddard/new-explorer-mission-chooses-the-just-right-orbit

https://exoplanets.nasa.gov/news/1587/tess-finds-its-smallest-planet-yet/

https://www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/kepler/multimedia/images/tiny-planet-kepler-37b.html

https://www.nasa.gov/feature/goddard/2019/confirmation-of-toasty-tess-planet-leads-to-surprising-find-of-promising-world

https://www.nasa.gov/feature/goddard/2019/nasa-s-tess-mission-scores-hat-trick-with-3-new-worlds

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In this week's questions show, I answer a question about solar sails, what geologists might learn from lunar rocks, if Earth could survive inside Jupiter, could gas giants be closer to the Sun, and more.

Dark Site Finder:

https://darksitefinder.com/map/

Videos mentioned:

What is an Electric Sail? Another Exotic Way to Explore the Solar System - https://youtu.be/-pIl_cv3OkA

Oldest Rock From Earth Was Found On The Moon (Of All Places) - https://youtu.be/0h_ckjhGdjs

What are Globular Clusters? Relics of the Early Universe - https://youtu.be/BjzptXhpsz8

Timecodes:

00:15 Solar sails to the outer Solar System?

01:57 What could geologists learn from more lunar rocks?

04:01 Could Earth survive inside Jupiter?

05:49 Would gas giants change if they were closer to the Sun?

08:01 What if aliens have different laws of physics?

10:19 Best places to put a telescope

12:03 Difference between globular clusters and dwarf galaxies

13:31 Water shielding for a rover

15:16 Do I play RPGs

17:32 Should science be outcome-based?

19:33 Could you orbit the Moon more closely?

21:17 Site to avoid light pollution

Want to be part of the questions show? Ask a short question on any video on my channel. I gather a bunch up each week, and answer them here.

Our Book is out!

https://www.amazon.com/Universe-Today-Ultimate-Viewing-Cosmos/dp/1624145442/

Audio Podcast version:

ITunes: https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/universe-today-guide-to-space-audio/id794058155?mt=2

RSS: https://www.universetoday.com/audio

What Fraser's Watching Playlist:

https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLbJ42wpShvmkjd428BcHcCEVWOjv7cJ1G

Weekly email newsletter:

https://www.universetoday.com/newsletter

Weekly Space Hangout:

https://www.youtube.com/channel/UC0-KklSGlCiJDwOPdR2EUcg/

Astronomy Cast:

https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCUHI67dh9jEO2rvK--MdCSg

Support us at: http://www.patreon.com/universetoday

More stories at: http://www.universetoday.com/

Twitch: https://twitch.tv/fcain

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Team: Fraser Cain - @fcain / frasercain@gmail.com

Karla Thompson - @karlaii / https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCEItkORQYd4Wf0TpgYI_1fw

Chad Weber - weber.chad@gmail.com

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When we look outward into space, we’re looking backwards in time. That’s because light moves, at the speed of light. It takes time for the light to reach us.

But it gets even stranger than that. Light can be absorbed, reflected, and re-emitted by gas and dust, giving us a second look.

They’re called light echoes, and allow astronomers another way to understand the Universe around us.

Audio Podcast version:

ITunes: https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/universe-today-guide-to-space-audio/id794058155?mt=2

RSS: https://www.universetoday.com/audio

What Fraser's Watching Playlist:

https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLbJ42wpShvmkjd428BcHcCEVWOjv7cJ1G

Weekly email newsletter:

https://www.universetoday.com/newsletter

Support us at: http://www.patreon.com/universetoday

More stories at: http://www.universetoday.com/

Twitch: https://twitch.tv/fcain

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Like us on Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/universetoday

Instagram - http://instagram.com/universetoday

Team: Fraser Cain - @fcain / frasercain@gmail.com

Karla Thompson - @karlaii / https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCEItkORQYd4Wf0TpgYI_1fw

Chad Weber - weber.chad@gmail.com

References:

https://www.nasa.gov/feature/jpl/arecibo-radar-returns-with-asteroid-phaethon-images

https://www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/LRO/multimedia/lroimages/lroc-20100413-apollo15-LRRR.html

https://www.spacetelescope.org/videos/heic0617a/

https://www.nasa.gov/feature/jpl/light-echoes-give-clues-to-protoplanetary-disk

https://www.nasa.gov/feature/goddard/2019/nasa-s-nicer-mission-maps-light-echoes-of-new-black-hole

https://hubblesite.org/contents/news-releases/2017/news-2017-42.html

https://www.eso.org/public/images/potw1814a/

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There are few places in the Solar System which are as fascinating as Saturn’s moon Titan. It’s a world with a thicker atmosphere than Earth. Where it’s so cold that it rains ammonia, forming lakes, rivers and seas. Where water ice forms mountains.

Like Europa and Encleadus, Titan could have an interior ocean of liquid water too, a place where there might be life.

Titan’s got layers, and fortunately, there’s an awesome new mission in the works to explore it: the Titan Dragonfly mission.

Links to episodes I mention:

Drilling under the ice on Europa - https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qxU1VSSka4M

Everyday Astronaut talks about Titan Dragonfly - https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JkS2dP7eiEU

Missions to Titan - https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rzg78ySwIn4

Audio Podcast version:

ITunes: https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/universe-today-guide-to-space-audio/id794058155?mt=2

RSS: https://www.universetoday.com/audio

What Fraser's Watching Playlist:

https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLbJ42wpShvmkjd428BcHcCEVWOjv7cJ1G

Weekly email newsletter:

https://www.universetoday.com/newsletter

Support us at: http://www.patreon.com/universetoday

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Instagram - http://instagram.com/universetoday

Team: Fraser Cain - @fcain / frasercain@gmail.com

Karla Thompson - @karlaii / https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCEItkORQYd4Wf0TpgYI_1fw

Chad Weber - weber.chad@gmail.com

References:

https://solarsystem.nasa.gov/moons/saturn-moons/titan/exploration/?page=0&per_page=10&order=launch_date+desc%2Ctitle+asc&search=&tags=Saturn&category=33#dutch-astronomer-christiaan-huygens-discovers-titan

https://solarsystem.nasa.gov/missions/cassini/mission/spacecraft/huygens-probe/

https://www.nasa.gov/content/goddard/nasa-usgs-landsat-8-satellite-pinpoints-coldest-spots-on-earth

https://nai.nasa.gov/teams/can-8/jpl-titan/

https://www.nasa.gov/press-release/nasas-dragonfly-will-fly-around-titan-looking-for-origins-signs-of-life

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In this week's questions show, I explain how long it'll take for space junk to burn up in the Earth's atmosphere, would it be possible to put advertising in space, and why panspermia is appealing as a hypothesis.

01:04 When will the space junk return to Earth?

03:14 Why don't we clean up the junk?

06:50 Can we advertise in the night sky?

08:36 Why is pansperimia appealing as a hypothesis?

10:53 Crewed space station dedicated to astronomy?

13:25 Best way to reduce light pollution?

16:08 What factors are important for life?

18:41 Can a star and black hole orbit each other?

20:41 How does time dilation work?

24:46 What will happen if Starship works?

28:49 How do galaxies collide if everything is expanding?

30:10 Why are Saturn's rings fading away?

Want to be part of the questions show? Ask a short question on any video on my channel. I gather a bunch up each week, and answer them here.

Our Book is out!

https://www.amazon.com/Universe-Today-Ultimate-Viewing-Cosmos/dp/1624145442/

Audio Podcast version:

ITunes: https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/universe-today-guide-to-space-audio/id794058155?mt=2

RSS: https://www.universetoday.com/audio

What Fraser's Watching Playlist:

https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLbJ42wpShvmkjd428BcHcCEVWOjv7cJ1G

Weekly email newsletter:

https://www.universetoday.com/newsletter

Weekly Space Hangout:

https://www.youtube.com/channel/UC0-KklSGlCiJDwOPdR2EUcg/

Astronomy Cast:

https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCUHI67dh9jEO2rvK--MdCSg

Support us at: http://www.patreon.com/universetoday

More stories at: http://www.universetoday.com/

Twitch: https://twitch.tv/fcain

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Team: Fraser Cain - @fcain / frasercain@gmail.com

Karla Thompson - @karlaii / https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCEItkORQYd4Wf0TpgYI_1fw

Chad Weber - weber.chad@gmail.com

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As NASA prepares to return to the Moon by 2024 as part of its Artemis program, the agency is focusing its efforts on exploring the Moon’s polar regions. These are areas of the Moon which seem to have a lot of water mixed in with the regolith.

Some of these craters are permanently in shadow, and might still have large quantities of water, that’s accessible to human and robotic explorers. This is a critical resource, and the Moon might be just the place to help humanity as it pushes out to explore the rest of the Solar System.

But it might also be an illusion. We really won’t know until we look up close.

Audio Podcast version:

ITunes: https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/universe-today-guide-to-space-audio/id794058155?mt=2

RSS: https://www.universetoday.com/audio

What Fraser's Watching Playlist:

https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLbJ42wpShvmkjd428BcHcCEVWOjv7cJ1G

Weekly email newsletter:

https://www.universetoday.com/newsletter

Support us at: http://www.patreon.com/universetoday

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Twitch: https://twitch.tv/fcain

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Like us on Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/universetoday

Instagram - http://instagram.com/universetoday

Team: Fraser Cain - @fcain / frasercain@gmail.com

Karla Thompson - @karlaii / https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCEItkORQYd4Wf0TpgYI_1fw

Chad Weber - weber.chad@gmail.com

References:

https://www.nasa.gov/feature/50-years-ago-lunar-landing-sites-selected

https://curator.jsc.nasa.gov/lunar/

https://space.stackexchange.com/questions/1336/what-thickness-depth-of-water-would-be-required-to-provide-radiation-shielding-i

https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/3480

https://www.nasa.gov/feature/goddard/2019/lro-sheds-light-on-lunar-water-movement

https://www.nasa.gov/ames/LCROSS

https://www.nasa.gov/feature/goddard/2019/inside-dark-polar-moon-craters-water-not-as-invincible-as-expected-scientists-argue

https://www.nasa.gov/feature/goddard/2019/chang-e-landers-a-closer-look

https://www.isro.gov.in/gslv-mk-iii-m1-chandrayaan-2-mission/launch-kit-glance

http://www.planetary.org/blogs/emily-lakdawalla/2017/1207-koreas-first-lunar-mission.html

https://www.nasa.gov/press-release/nasa-selects-12-new-lunar-science-technology-investigations

https://www.astrobotic.com/2019/7/1/astrobotic-awarded-5-6-million-nasa-contract-to-deliver-autonomous-moon-rover

http://www.planetary.org/explore/projects/planetvac/

https://www.eurekalert.org/pub_releases/2019-07/uom-nsu071119.php

https://today.ttu.edu/posts/2019/07/Stories/NASA-picks-Nagihara-instrument-moon-landing

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Where you can travel in space depends on how much propellant you’ve got on board your rocket and how efficiently you can use it. But there’s a source of free propellant right here in the Solar System - the Sun - which is streaming out photons in all directions. You just need to catch them.

And right now, the Planetary Society’s new LightSail 2 spacecraft is testing out just how well it’ll work.

Light Sail 2 Photos:

http://www.planetary.org/blogs/jason-davis/lightsail-2-team-continues-tweaks-tests.html

Episode on Breakthrough Starshot

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3FWcEtXgK2g&list=PLbJ42wpShvml6Eg22WjWAR-6QUufHFh2v&index=146

Episode on Project Dragonfly

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=598UtgxFd1E&list=PLbJ42wpShvml6Eg22WjWAR-6QUufHFh2v&index=23

Audio Podcast version:

ITunes: https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/universe-today-guide-to-space-audio/id794058155?mt=2

RSS: https://www.universetoday.com/audio

What Fraser's Watching Playlist:

https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLbJ42wpShvmkjd428BcHcCEVWOjv7cJ1G

Weekly email newsletter:

https://www.universetoday.com/newsletter

Support us at: http://www.patreon.com/universetoday

More stories at: http://www.universetoday.com/

Twitch: https://twitch.tv/fcain

Follow us on Twitter: @universetoday

Like us on Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/universetoday

Instagram - http://instagram.com/universetoday

Team: Fraser Cain - @fcain / frasercain@gmail.com

Karla Thompson - @karlaii / https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCEItkORQYd4Wf0TpgYI_1fw

Chad Weber - weber.chad@gmail.com

References:

https://www.quora.com/What-is-the-maximum-speed-a-chemical-rocket-can-achieve

http://www.planetary.org/blogs/jason-davis/lightsail-2-has-launched.html

http://www.planetary.org/blogs/jason-davis/lightsail-2-team-continues-tweaks-tests.html

https://arc.aiaa.org/doi/abs/10.2514/6.2014-4435

https://www.nasa.gov/content/nea-scout

https://www.hou.usra.edu/meetings/lpsc2018/pdf/1406.pdf

http://www.planetary.org/blogs/guest-blogs/2017/20170925-solar-sail-dsg.html

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In this week's QA, I tackle constant acceleration. Do we have anything that can accelerate at 1G for long periods of time? Why are there different sized stars? And do the heavier elements come from supernovae or colliding neutron stars?

Check out Sophia on Twitter at:

https://twitter.com/astropartigirl

https://astropartigirl.com/

Traveling for billions of light years in a human lifetime

https://youtu.be/4tjQ8o8j-O8

00:00 Continuous thrust at 1G?

02:25 How can bigger stars form?

03:56 Heavy elements from supernovae?

07:00 OWL versus E-ELT

09:34 Time dilation from living on Mars

12:55 Do Uranus' moons rotate around its equator?

14:38 Attach a telescope to ISS?

18:23 Terrified about the Sun

21:42 Do neutron stars turn into black holes

23:06 Why do astronomers call elements metal?

25:40 Can we find dark matter everywhere?

Our Book is out!

https://www.amazon.com/Universe-Today-Ultimate-Viewing-Cosmos/dp/1624145442/

Audio Podcast version:

ITunes: https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/universe-today-guide-to-space-audio/id794058155?mt=2

RSS: https://www.universetoday.com/audio

What Fraser's Watching Playlist:

https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLbJ42wpShvmkjd428BcHcCEVWOjv7cJ1G

Weekly email newsletter:

https://www.universetoday.com/newsletter

Weekly Space Hangout:

https://www.youtube.com/channel/UC0-KklSGlCiJDwOPdR2EUcg/

Astronomy Cast:

https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCUHI67dh9jEO2rvK--MdCSg

Support us at: http://www.patreon.com/universetoday

More stories at: http://www.universetoday.com/

Twitch: https://twitch.tv/fcain

Follow us on Twitter: @universetoday

Like us on Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/universetoday

Instagram - https://instagram.com/universetoday

Team: Fraser Cain - @fcain / frasercain@gmail.com

Karla Thompson - @karlaii / https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCEItkORQYd4Wf0TpgYI_1fw

Chad Weber - weber.chad@gmail.com

Support Universe Today Podcast

On October 19th, 2017 astronomers detected the first interstellar asteroid (or maybe comet) passing through the Solar System: Oumuamua. It had a brief encounter with the inner Solar System and then hurtled back out into interstellar space.

Once astronomers noticed it, they directed the world’s telescopes on the object, but it was too far away to reveal anything more than a faint dot.

Until now, we’ve only been able to study objects in our own Solar System. We have no idea what the rest of the Milky Way is like.

But we were too late to catch it, no spacecraft was ready to make a quick intercept.

Well, scientists aren’t going to make that mistake again. The European Space Agency announced their plans to build a comet interceptor. A spacecraft that will lurk out at the Earth-Sun L2 Lagrange point, waiting for a long-period comet or interstellar object to pounce on, and give us the first close up view ever.

Audio Podcast version:

ITunes: https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/universe-today-guide-to-space-audio/id794058155?mt=2

RSS: https://www.universetoday.com/audio

What Fraser's Watching Playlist:

https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLbJ42wpShvmkjd428BcHcCEVWOjv7cJ1G

Weekly email newsletter:

https://www.universetoday.com/newsletter

Support us at: http://www.patreon.com/universetoday

More stories at: http://www.universetoday.com/

Twitch: https://twitch.tv/fcain

Follow us on Twitter: @universetoday

Like us on Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/universetoday

Instagram - http://instagram.com/universetoday

Team: Fraser Cain - @fcain / frasercain@gmail.com

Karla Thompson - @karlaii / https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCEItkORQYd4Wf0TpgYI_1fw

Chad Weber - weber.chad@gmail.com

References:

http://www.cometinterceptor.space/

https://www.esa.int/Our_Activities/Space_Science/Giotto_overview

http://sci.esa.int/rosetta/2279-summary/

http://www.astro.uwo.ca/~wiegert/phd/Wiegert_phd.pdf

https://www.sciencealert.com/watch-the-sun-absolutely-destroy-the-fastest-comet-in-the-solar-system

http://sci.esa.int/cosmic-vision/61416-esa-s-new-mission-to-intercept-a-comet/

http://www.cometinterceptor.space/mission.html

http://www.cometinterceptor.space/uploads/1/2/3/7/123778284/comet_interceptor_executive_summary.pdf

https://i4is.org/what-we-do/technical/project-lyra/

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People are always worried that alien civilizations will detect the transmissions from our old radio shows and television broadcasts, and send in the invasion fleet. But the reality is that life itself has been broadcasting the existence of life on Earth for 500 million years.

Blame it on the plants.

In addition to filling the atmosphere with oxygen, plants give off a very specific wavelength visible in infrared radiation. It’s the kind of signal that other civilizations could search for as they’re scanning the galaxy.

It’s what we’ll be looking for too.

But don’t just blame the plants. Other forms of life have been giving off signals too, signals we can search for as we discover new exoplanets and wonder if they have life there.

Information on ESA's ARIEL mission

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uCTGIxmM-e4

Audio Podcast version:

ITunes: https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/universe-today-guide-to-space-audio/id794058155?mt=2

RSS: https://www.universetoday.com/audio

What Fraser's Watching Playlist:

https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLbJ42wpShvmkjd428BcHcCEVWOjv7cJ1G

Weekly email newsletter:

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Team: Fraser Cain - @fcain / frasercain@gmail.com

Karla Thompson - @karlaii / https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCEItkORQYd4Wf0TpgYI_1fw

Chad Weber - weber.chad@gmail.com

References:

https://www.nature.com/articles/365715a0.pdf

https://www.sciencemag.org/news/2018/03/asteroid-bound-spacecraft-finds-signs-life-earth

https://arxiv.org/ftp/arxiv/papers/1907/1907.05245.pdf

https://news.cornell.edu/stories/2019/07/exoplanet-evolution-astronomers-expand-cosmic-cheat-sheet

https://www.cfa.harvard.edu/~kchance/EPS238-2014/refdata/Seager-red-edge-2005.pdf

https://www.eso.org/public/news/eso1905/

https://arielmission.space/

https://www.astrobio.net/news-exclusive/earthshine/

Support Universe Today Podcast

In this week's QA, I answer why space telescopes aren't a waste of taxpayer resources, if ground-based space telescopes will become obsolete, and whether it makes sense to crash phobos into Mars.

00:18 Waste of taxpayer money?

02:14 Will ground-based telescopes become obsolete?

03:50 Crash Phobos into Mars

04:56 Should NASA collaborate with China?

05:45 Entanglement to communicate faster than light?

08:09 Crop circles

08:36 Problem with wearing a weight suit in zero gravity

09:55 Methane rocket emissions

10:57 Why does Titan have an atmosphere?

11:51 Harvest energy from neutrinos

Our Book is out!

https://www.amazon.com/Universe-Today-Ultimate-Viewing-Cosmos/dp/1624145442/

Audio Podcast version:

ITunes: https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/universe-today-guide-to-space-audio/id794058155?mt=2

RSS: https://www.universetoday.com/audio

What Fraser's Watching Playlist:

https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLbJ42wpShvmkjd428BcHcCEVWOjv7cJ1G

Weekly email newsletter:

https://www.universetoday.com/newsletter

Weekly Space Hangout:

https://www.youtube.com/channel/UC0-KklSGlCiJDwOPdR2EUcg/

Astronomy Cast:

https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCUHI67dh9jEO2rvK--MdCSg

Support us at: http://www.patreon.com/universetoday

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Team: Fraser Cain - @fcain / frasercain@gmail.com

Karla Thompson - @karlaii / https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCEItkORQYd4Wf0TpgYI_1fw

Chad Weber - weber.chad@gmail.com

Support Universe Today Podcast

This past weekend Skylias moderated a debated between John Michael Godier and Fraser Cain over their Fermi paradox theories. If there are aliens where are they? The Fermi paradox theory asks where are the alien civilizations in the galaxy? And in the universe. If they exist. Where are the extraterrestrials?

Website:

https://www.eventhorizonshow.com/

Support Universe Today Podcast

In this week's questions show, I explain how astronomers know what the Milky Way looks like, what would happen in a catastrophic impact on the International Space Station, and who is the team who works with me on Universe Today?

Our Book is out!

https://www.amazon.com/Universe-Today-Ultimate-Viewing-Cosmos/dp/1624145442/

Audio Podcast version:

ITunes: https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/universe-today-guide-to-space-audio/id794058155?mt=2

RSS: https://www.universetoday.com/audio

What Fraser's Watching Playlist:

https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLbJ42wpShvmkjd428BcHcCEVWOjv7cJ1G

Weekly email newsletter:

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Weekly Space Hangout:

https://www.youtube.com/channel/UC0-KklSGlCiJDwOPdR2EUcg/

Astronomy Cast:

https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCUHI67dh9jEO2rvK--MdCSg

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Team: Fraser Cain - @fcain / frasercain@gmail.com

Karla Thompson - @karlaii / https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCEItkORQYd4Wf0TpgYI_1fw

Chad Weber - weber.chad@gmail.com

Support Universe Today Podcast

The Solar System is a really big place, and it takes forever to travel from world to world with traditional chemical rockets. But one technique, developed back in the 1960s might provide a way to dramatically shorten our travel times: nuclear rockets.

Of course, launching a rocket powered by radioactive material has its own risks as well. Should we attempt it?

Audio Podcast version:

ITunes: https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/universe-today-guide-to-space-audio/id794058155?mt=2

RSS: https://www.universetoday.com/audio

What Fraser's Watching Playlist:

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Team: Fraser Cain - @fcain / frasercain@gmail.com

Karla Thompson - @karlaii / https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCEItkORQYd4Wf0TpgYI_1fw

Chad Weber - weber.chad@gmail.com

References:

https://www.nasa.gov/directorates/spacetech/game_changing_development/Nuclear_Thermal_Propulsion_Deep_Space_Exploration

https://ntrs.nasa.gov/archive/nasa/casi.ntrs.nasa.gov/19910017902.pdf

https://www.nasa.gov/directorates/spacetech/niac/2017_Phase_I_Phase_II/Fusion_Enabled_Pluto_Orbiter_and_Lander/

https://ntrs.nasa.gov/archive/nasa/casi.ntrs.nasa.gov/20170003126.pdf

Support Universe Today Podcast

In this week's questions show, I explain why NASA decided to build James Webb and not more Hubble Space Telescopes, what would happen if you opened up a jar in space, and do we know of any stars without planets?

00:45 Why doesn't NASA build more Hubbles?

02:42 Where did life come from?

04:05 What if you opened a jar in space?

05:58 Why didn't I answer your question?

07:15 Will we give up all the sky?

09:06 Annoyed about light pollution.

10:28 Less satellites, higher up

11:41 Stars without planets?

12:25 Worth getting a degree in astronomy?

14:33 You can buy SpaceX stock

15:20 Do I really get death threats?

17:32 Can planets be independent from a galaxy?

Our Book is out!

https://www.amazon.com/Universe-Today-Ultimate-Viewing-Cosmos/dp/1624145442/

Audio Podcast version:

ITunes: https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/universe-today-guide-to-space-audio/id794058155?mt=2

RSS: https://www.universetoday.com/audio

What Fraser's Watching Playlist:

https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLbJ42wpShvmkjd428BcHcCEVWOjv7cJ1G

Weekly email newsletter:

https://www.universetoday.com/newsletter

Weekly Space Hangout:

https://www.youtube.com/channel/UC0-KklSGlCiJDwOPdR2EUcg/

Astronomy Cast:

https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCUHI67dh9jEO2rvK--MdCSg

Support us at: http://www.patreon.com/universetoday

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Team: Fraser Cain - @fcain / frasercain@gmail.com

Karla Thompson - @karlaii / https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCEItkORQYd4Wf0TpgYI_1fw

Chad Weber - weber.chad@gmail.com

Support Universe Today Podcast

Explorers have always brought stowaways with them on board. Thanks to our travels around the world, hardy creatures like rats, goats, pigs and starlings and more have found their way to every corner of the globe. Not to mention our plants, microbes and viruses.

Wherever we go, life goes with us, whether we want it to or not. And when we travel to other worlds, it looks like the most extreme life Earth has ever cooked up is ready and willing to make the journey with us.

Now that the big flybys are over, it’s time to dig into the regolith, search for life in underground lakes and oceans, return samples back to Earth. We’re going to give life every opportunity to contaminate other worlds.

What can we do to prevent it?

Audio Podcast version:

ITunes: https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/universe-today-guide-to-space-audio/id794058155?mt=2

RSS: https://www.universetoday.com/audio

What Fraser's Watching Playlist:

https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLbJ42wpShvmkjd428BcHcCEVWOjv7cJ1G

Weekly email newsletter:

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Team: Fraser Cain - @fcain / frasercain@gmail.com

Karla Thompson - @karlaii / https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCEItkORQYd4Wf0TpgYI_1fw

Chad Weber - weber.chad@gmail.com

References:

https://planetaryprotection.nasa.gov/overview

https://nodis3.gsfc.nasa.gov/OPD_docs/NID_8020_109A.pdf

https://spacescience.arc.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2018/11/ReviewAssessmentPlanetaryProtectionPolicyDevelopmentProcesses.pdf

https://planetaryprotection.nasa.gov/about-categories/

https://www.nasa.gov/feature/where-on-mars-might-humans-first-land

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=94bIW7e1Otg

https://arxiv.org/abs/1905.13681

Support Universe Today Podcast

In this week's penultimate episode of Open Space before our summer hiatus, I give tips and tricks on seeing Jupiter, what's a good starting telescope, updates on LIGO, why rockets launch straight up, and more...

00:00 Introduction

02:00 Looking at Jupiter

02:38 Starting Telescope

03:55 Why do rockets launch vertically first?

05:04 How much should a telescope cost?

05:48 What has LIGO been seeing?

08:15 How bad is the radiation around Jupiter?

10:20 What do I think about the Lunar Gateway

13:17 Drilling into Europa

14:29 Will ISS have a successor?

16:19 Probe to Uranus/Neptune?

18:02 Why do a crewed mission to Venus?

19:39 Updates on Project Starshot?

22:30 Does light stop travelling?

23:30 What kind of transmission would come from Alpha Cen.

25:13 Ethical issues of asteroid mining

26:55 Why haven't we done rotating habitats in orbit?

31:35 Could dark matter turn into planets?

33:26 Moon base in 50 years?

35:50 Lots of people living in space by 2100?

37:14 Moon mining?

39:56 Books in any order?

40:30 When will ISS return to Earth?

41:47 Would I go to the Moon?

42:46 Have I read Artemis?

44:30 Who will be the first director to film in space

44:50 Will they take insects and worms to Mars

46:47 Best place to send humans scientifically

49:44 Is there an absolute stop?

51:11 Does the Moon have moons?

52:23 Why don't we build launch loops?

54:18 Will we infect Mars?

54:50 Missions to lava tubes?

56:30 What will AI do to us?

57:50 Would you be able to get radio signals on the Moon?

59:16 Views on AI ethics

Our Book is out!

https://www.amazon.com/Universe-Today-Ultimate-Viewing-Cosmos/dp/1624145442/

Audio Podcast version:

ITunes: https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/universe-today-guide-to-space-audio/id794058155?mt=2

RSS: https://www.universetoday.com/audio

What Fraser's Watching Playlist:

https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLbJ42wpShvmkjd428BcHcCEVWOjv7cJ1G

Weekly email newsletter:

https://www.universetoday.com/newsletter

Weekly Space Hangout:

https://www.youtube.com/channel/UC0-KklSGlCiJDwOPdR2EUcg/

Astronomy Cast:

https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCUHI67dh9jEO2rvK--MdCSg

Support us at: http://www.patreon.com/universetoday

More stories at: http://www.universetoday.com/

Twitch: https://twitch.tv/fcain

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Team: Fraser Cain - @fcain / frasercain@gmail.com

Karla Thompson - @karlaii / https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCEItkORQYd4Wf0TpgYI_1fw

Chad Weber - weber.chad@gmail.com

Support Universe Today Podcast

In this week's live QA episode, I tackled questions about the reality of returning astronauts to the Moon by 2024, the loss of dark skies, will we ever be able to shop for our own personal spacecraft, and more.

01:00 Our hiatus

04:40 Can we really return to the Moon by 2024?

09:05 Dark sky controversy

10:28 Is it hard to stay fascinated about astronomy?

13:44 Will space travel ever be like air travel?

15:49 Didn't Trump say they weren't going to the Moon any more?

17:54 Did extraterrestrial visited our planet in the past?

19:57 Where can you get my new poster?

20:55 What is the most important invention?

23:33 If I was captain of a starship, where would I go?

24:15 Any merch?

25:40 Will we shop for personal spacecraft?

27:05 Is something looking back at us?

27:50 When will Starlink be available?

30:05 Star Trek, Star Wars or Rick and Morty

30:48 What about space elevators?

34:07 Will space planes ever be viable?

35:36 Can't they use robots to fix Hubble?

37:41 Why aren't ion engines used more often?

40:32 Would I fly on Virgin Galactic?

41:20 Why don't nations work on Mars missions together?

42:55 What does the poster behind my head say?

43:00 Will solar power work on Mars?

45:06 Would capturing satellites be profitable?

47:00 Are there more efficient ways to land on Mars?

47:44 Could SpaceX be allowed mine an asteroid?

50:25 Has audio been recorded on another world?

52:13 No weapons of mass destruction in space

52:53 Could someone get the RTGs from the Voyagers to make a weapon?

53:27 Are the number of stars in the Milky Way increasing?

55:32 Will we be able to communicate faster than light?

56:17 What's the punishment for violating the Outerspace Treaty?

57:30 Wrap up

Our Book is out!

https://www.amazon.com/Universe-Today-Ultimate-Viewing-Cosmos/dp/1624145442/

Audio Podcast version:

ITunes: https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/universe-today-guide-to-space-audio/id794058155?mt=2

RSS: https://www.universetoday.com/audio

What Fraser's Watching Playlist:

https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLbJ42wpShvmkjd428BcHcCEVWOjv7cJ1G

Weekly email newsletter:

https://www.universetoday.com/newsletter

Weekly Space Hangout:

https://www.youtube.com/channel/UC0-KklSGlCiJDwOPdR2EUcg/

Astronomy Cast:

https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCUHI67dh9jEO2rvK--MdCSg

Support us at: http://www.patreon.com/universetoday

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Team: Fraser Cain - @fcain / frasercain@gmail.com

Karla Thompson - @karlaii / https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCEItkORQYd4Wf0TpgYI_1fw

Chad Weber - weber.chad@gmail.com

Support Universe Today Podcast

Here's my interview on Space Junk about the Fermi Paradox:

https://anchor.fm/spacejunk/episodes/The-Fermi-Paradox-and-The-Great-Filter-w-Fraser-Cain-e44uff

00:29 Are rings only limited to gas giants?

02:30 If we blocked the light on Venus, would it cool down?

04:34 What would it take to build a generational ship?

06:20 Do airplanes avoid telescopes?

08:16 Examples of reused spacecraft designs.

10:17 Could we breath an alien atmosphere?

12:02 How do they evacuate ISS?

13:21 What is the cost of the Hubble Space Telescope?

15:12 Are we unique in the Universe?

17:10 Can't astronauts wear weights?

18:37 Research into weaponizing asteroids?

20:23 Dig caverns on the Moon or Mars?

Our Book is out!

https://www.amazon.com/Universe-Today-Ultimate-Viewing-Cosmos/dp/1624145442/

Audio Podcast version:

ITunes: https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/universe-today-guide-to-space-audio/id794058155?mt=2

RSS: https://www.universetoday.com/audio

What Fraser's Watching Playlist:

https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLbJ42wpShvmkjd428BcHcCEVWOjv7cJ1G

Weekly email newsletter:

https://www.universetoday.com/newsletter

Weekly Space Hangout:

https://www.youtube.com/channel/UC0-KklSGlCiJDwOPdR2EUcg/

Astronomy Cast:

https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCUHI67dh9jEO2rvK--MdCSg

Support us at: http://www.patreon.com/universetoday

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Team: Fraser Cain - @fcain / frasercain@gmail.com

Karla Thompson - @karlaii / https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCEItkORQYd4Wf0TpgYI_1fw

Chad Weber - weber.chad@gmail.com

Support Universe Today Podcast

Audio Podcast version:

ITunes: https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/universe-today-guide-to-space-audio/id794058155?mt=2

RSS: https://www.universetoday.com/audio

What Fraser's Watching Playlist:

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Weekly email newsletter:

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Team: Fraser Cain - @fcain / frasercain@gmail.com

Karla Thompson - @karlaii / https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCEItkORQYd4Wf0TpgYI_1fw

Chad Weber - weber.chad@gmail.com

References:

https://www.dlr.de/me/en/desktopdefault.aspx/tabid-1752/2384_read-54290/

http://eea.spaceflight.esa.int/attachments/spacestations/ID5c643608ee7a9.pdf

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=STUyjTO8gQw

Support Universe Today Podcast

00:28 Why is Starlink so bright?

02:52 Should Starlink provide internet access?

07:02 How do chemical thrusters work in a vacuum?

07:50 Sgr A* is pretty cool?

09:09 Launch providers should provide a discount for science

10:16 Could Starlink satellites do science too?

12:50 Will corporations and governments surveil us?

14:45 Am I using a green screen

15:47 Can Starlink be blocked?

18:21 Worried about space junk?

18:40 Should you invest in SpaceX?

20:00 Should we trust Elon Musk?

Our Book is out!

https://www.amazon.com/Universe-Today-Ultimate-Viewing-Cosmos/dp/1624145442/

Audio Podcast version:

ITunes: https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/universe-today-guide-to-space-audio/id794058155?mt=2

RSS: https://www.universetoday.com/audio

What Fraser's Watching Playlist:

https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLbJ42wpShvmkjd428BcHcCEVWOjv7cJ1G

Weekly email newsletter:

https://www.universetoday.com/newsletter

Weekly Space Hangout:

https://www.youtube.com/channel/UC0-KklSGlCiJDwOPdR2EUcg/

Astronomy Cast:

https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCUHI67dh9jEO2rvK--MdCSg

Support us at: http://www.patreon.com/universetoday

More stories at: http://www.universetoday.com/

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Team: Fraser Cain - @fcain / frasercain@gmail.com

Karla Thompson - @karlaii / https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCEItkORQYd4Wf0TpgYI_1fw

Chad Weber - weber.chad@gmail.com

Support Universe Today Podcast

Support Universe Today Podcast

Support Universe Today Podcast

Support Universe Today Podcast

Support Universe Today Podcast

Audio Podcast version:

ITunes: https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/universe-today-guide-to-space-audio/id794058155?mt=2

RSS: https://www.universetoday.com/audio

What Fraser's Watching Playlist:

https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLbJ42wpShvmkjd428BcHcCEVWOjv7cJ1G

Weekly email newsletter:

https://www.universetoday.com/newsletter

Support us at: http://www.patreon.com/universetoday

More stories at: http://www.universetoday.com/

Twitch: https://twitch.tv/fcain

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Like us on Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/universetoday

Instagram - http://instagram.com/universetoday

Team: Fraser Cain - @fcain / frasercain@gmail.com

Karla Thompson - @karlaii / https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCEItkORQYd4Wf0TpgYI_1fw

Chad Weber - weber.chad@gmail.com

References:

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vl6jn-DdafM

https://twitter.com/andyweirauthor/status/1128172660939153408

https://www.nasa.gov/sites/default/files/atoms/files/nasa_fy_2020_budget_amendment_summary.pdf

http://www.planetary.org/blogs/casey-dreier/2019/the-moon-in-2024-a-crash-program-or-modest-proposal.html

https://oig.nasa.gov/docs/IG-19-001.pdf

Support Universe Today Podcast

Subscribe to Dylan's Channel:

https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCgOf4wBnoGg8WHHHr_h4otQ

00:27 Reusable platform for space exploration?

03:20 Move atmosphere from Venus to Mars?

05:08 Where to Mars clouds come from?

06:23 Earth like planets in Andromeda

07:59 Shouldn't we see gravitational waves a second time?

09:45 How low of gravity can humans survive?

11:22 Shame on you bro

15:30 Are there L6/L7?

16:49 Is there a reference time?

18:59 Would aliens in a cosmic void know they're in a larger universe?

21:37 What could a 555m diameter meter

22:45 Why do so much post processing on photographs?

Our Book is out!

https://www.amazon.com/Universe-Today-Ultimate-Viewing-Cosmos/dp/1624145442/

Audio Podcast version:

ITunes: https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/universe-today-guide-to-space-audio/id794058155?mt=2

RSS: https://www.universetoday.com/audio

What Fraser's Watching Playlist:

https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLbJ42wpShvmkjd428BcHcCEVWOjv7cJ1G

Weekly email newsletter:

https://www.universetoday.com/newsletter

Weekly Space Hangout:

https://www.youtube.com/channel/UC0-KklSGlCiJDwOPdR2EUcg/

Astronomy Cast:

https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCUHI67dh9jEO2rvK--MdCSg

Support us at: http://www.patreon.com/universetoday

More stories at: http://www.universetoday.com/

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Team: Fraser Cain - @fcain / frasercain@gmail.com

Karla Thompson - @karlaii / https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCEItkORQYd4Wf0TpgYI_1fw

Chad Weber - weber.chad@gmail.com

Support Universe Today Podcast

01:00 Gravity Wells are for Suckers poster

01:36 What's coming out soon?

03:15 Why are people worried about overpopulation?

04:41 Favorite spot on Vancouver Island to see stars?

06:12 Why no guest this week?

09:04 More about space construction?

10:25 Have I ever seen a UFO?

11:04 Could we intercept a future Oumuamua?

17:15 Episodes on future missions?

18:07 Thoughts on Jeff Bezos' Blue Moon concept?

26:46 Will we abandon spaceflight again?

30:08 What physics experiments could we do on the Moon?

34:56 Has a laser sail been tested yet?

36:44 Orbiting billboards?

38:37 Should we try to prevent Phobos crashing into Mars?

40:10 What about the space junk problem?

44:18 Any news on the BFR?

46:02 Does GPS work in space?

47:23 What's happening with the debris field from India's test?

48:37 Created artificial gravity from mining asteroids?

50:26 Magnets to get space junk?

52:54 Is a nearby star going to explode as a GRB?

54:06 Could we find a rogue planet flying past the Solar System?

55:25 Where will starman go next?

56:12 China's space elevator? Artificial moon?

57:39 Fusion in space?

59:19 Guest next week, Dennis E. Taylor, author of the Bobiverse Trilogy

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00:18 Am I optimistic about humanity?

01:59 Is the expansion happening everywhere?

04:03 How do they keep dust off big telescopes?

05:02 What if Olympus Mons erupted?

06:36 Can we see through the Bootes Void?

08:18 Could we make a really big Event Horizon Telescope?

09:53 Would we see a supernova in realtime?

11:53 Why are asteroids worth so much money?

13:08 Why don't we live on Venus?

14:54 Why do rockets go sideways?

15:58 Are gravitational waves being created all the time?

17:42 How can you tell the size of an object?

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01:11 Is our Sun capable of releasing a super flare?

04:10 How much for a decent starting telescope?

05:20 Is terraforming Mars pointless?

07:08 Will alien life exist in the future?

09:03 Will Dobsonians work in a city?

09:45 What is the space race trying to achieve?

12:31 Can an artificial magnetic field stop space radiation?

14:04 Would I go to Mars?

14:38 Interferometer the size of Mars' orbit?

17:06 Why build bigger telescopes?

18:32 Why isn't everything expanding?

20:18 When is the next Decadal Survey?

21:35 Live telescopes?

21:57 Should we have an international space agency?

23:57 Is there a theoretical upper limit to black holes?

24:20 What will we accomplish in the next 100 years?

25:32 Life on Titan?

27:32 Did we capture any planets or moons from outside the Solar System?

28:32 Can I retire on Mars in 30 years?

29:59 How would we capture an asteroid to mine it?

31:16 Why don't we search for other kinds of life?

33:30 Simulation theory?

36:02 Haven't we tried reusable rockets before?

37:18 Geoengineering to stop global warming?

39:20 Did life ever exist on Mars?

40:43 Any viewers outside the US?

41:34 Any big errors I've made?

43:20 When will we start asteroid mining?

44:27 When will we get a bloopers episode?

45:02 Most exciting project?

47:00 What about Venus?

48:43 Any cancelled projects that make me sad?

49:43 Can we plant trees on other planets?

51:18 Will spacesuits get better?

53:13 Will Mars spacesuits protect from radiation?

54:11 My opinion of nuclear energy?

55:45 Travel to space in our lifetime?

56:25 Will I do a small QA tour?

57:01 Does my wife love space too?

58:10 Does a 2024 Moon landing make sense?

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00:18 Is it cheaper to build things in space?

02:24 Is space rolling downhill?

05:13 What would a citykiller look like?

07:33 Farts in space?

08:54 Space-based interferometers

10:44 How much of the Universe's life has already happened.

12:42 Why not invest in stargates?

13:28 How fast to exit a black hole?

14:42 Could balloons go to orbit?

Our Book is out!

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Audio Podcast version:

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What Fraser's Watching Playlist:

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Weekly Space Hangout:

https://www.youtube.com/channel/UC0-KklSGlCiJDwOPdR2EUcg/

Astronomy Cast:

https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCUHI67dh9jEO2rvK--MdCSg

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Team: Fraser Cain - @fcain / frasercain@gmail.com

Karla Thompson - @karlaii / https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCEItkORQYd4Wf0TpgYI_1fw

Chad Weber - weber.chad@gmail.com

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This week, my guest will be science writer and futurist George Dvorsky, from Gizmodo and io9.

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Today I'm joined by Chad Weber, the video editor for the Guide to Space and other videos we do here on Universe Today. Chad was also the audio editor for Astronomy Cast and other Astrosphere projects.

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In this week's questions show, I wonder if planets could form from the wreckage around dead stars, who don't all stars collapse immediately into black holes, and where did my new channel pic come from?

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All that waiting has paid off. Here it is, the first ever image of a black hole.

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