Stuff You Missed in History Class

The Banū Mūsā were three brothers who lived in Baghdad during the Islamic Golden Age. Among their many achievements, they wrote books on math and science, and created a number of automata. 

Research:

• 1001 Inventions. “Fountains.” https://www.1001inventions.com/fountains/
• Abboud, Tony. “Al-Kindi : the father of Arab philosophy.” New York, NY : Rosen Pub. Group. 2006.
• Ali, Adam. “The Abbasid Civil War: The War of the Brothers.” Medievalists.net. 9/2022. https://www.medievalists.net/2022/09/abbasid-civil-war-brothers/
• Al-Jazeera English. “Pioneers of Engineering Al Jazari and the Banu Musa.” 10/27/2015. https://www.aljazeera.com/program/science-in-a-golden-age/2015/10/27/pioneers-of-engineering-al-jazari-and-the-banu-musa/
• "Banū Mūsā." Complete Dictionary of Scientific Biography, vol. 1, Charles Scribner's Sons, 2008, pp. 443-446. Gale In Context: U.S. History, link.gale.com/apps/doc/CX2830900258/GPS?u=mlin_n_melpub&sid=bookmark-GPS&xid=143ea436. Accessed 5 Dec. 2023.
• “Banu Musa.” Encyclopedia Iranica. Vol. III, Fasc. 7, pp. 716-717 https://www.iranicaonline.org/articles/banu-musa-the-name-applied-to-three-brothers-abbasid-astronomers-whose-father-was-musa-b
• Bir, Atilla. “The Book ‘Kitab al-Hiyal’: Banu Musa bin Shakir Interpreted in Sense off Modern System and Control Engineering.” Studies and Sources on the History of Science Series No: 4. Edited by Ekmeleddin Ihsanoglu. 1990.
• Britannica, The Editors of Encyclopaedia. "al-Amīn". Encyclopedia Britannica, 28 Mar. 2023, https://www.britannica.com/biography/al-Amin. Accessed 8 December 2023.
• Britannica, The Editors of Encyclopaedia. "al-Mutawakkil". Encyclopedia Britannica, 27 Nov. 2023, https://www.britannica.com/biography/al-Mutawakkil. Accessed 7 December 2023.
• Daemmrich, Arthur. “Ingenious Devices.” Smithsonian. 11/2/2020. https://invention.si.edu/ingenious-devices
• From: Thomas Hockey et al. (eds.). The Biographical Encyclopedia of Astronomers, Springer Reference. New York: Springer, 2007, pp. 92-24
• Gearon, Amon. “The History and Achievements of the Islamic Golden Age.” The Teaching Company. 2017.
• Hamarneh, Sami. “Al-Kindi, A Ninth Century Physician, Philosopher and Scholar.” https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1033530/pdf/medhist00153-0033.pdf
• "Harun al-Rashid Establishes the House of Wisdom." Global Events: Milestone Events Throughout History, edited by Jennifer Stock, vol. 5: Middle East, Gale, 2014, pp. 144-147. Gale In Context: Global Issues, link.gale.com/apps/doc/CX3728000720/GPS?u=mlin_n_melpub&sid=bookmark-GPS&xid=4f7cfce7. Accessed 5 Dec. 2023.
• "Mathematics." World Eras, edited by Susan L. Douglass, vol. 2: Rise and Spread of Islam, 622-1500, Gale, 2002, pp. 415-418. Gale In Context: World History, link.gale.com/apps/doc/CX3034700173/GPS?u=mlin_n_melpub&sid=bookmark-GPS&xid=cfe1397b. Accessed 5 Dec. 2023.
• Sourdel, Dominique. "al-Maʾmūn". Encyclopedia Britannica, 28 Jul. 2023, https://www.britannica.com/biography/al-Mamun. Accessed 8 December 2023.
• Tasci, Ufuk Necat. Banu Musa: Meet the 9th-century orphaned Muslim brothers who reinvented mechanics.” The New Arab. 7/25/2023. https://www.newarab.com/features/banu-musa-9th-century-brothers-who-reinvented-mechanics
• "The Banu Musa Brothers Publish the Book of Ingenious Devices." Global Events: Milestone Events Throughout History, edited by Jennifer Stock, vol. 5: Middle East, Gale, 2014, pp. 152-154. Gale In Context: Global Issues, link.gale.com/apps/doc/CX3728000723/GPS?u=mlin_n_melpub&sid=bookmark-GPS&xid=f0bc972d. Accessed 5 Dec. 2023.

See omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.

On Christmas day in 1950, the Stone of Scone was removed, heist-style, from Westminster Abbey. Some believed it to be an act of theft, and others, liberation. 

Research:

• Aitchison, Nick. “Scotland's Stone of Destiny : myth, history and nationhood.” Stroud : Tempus. 2000.
• BBC World Service. “The removal of Scotland's Stone of Destiny - BBC World Service.” Via YouTube. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Fd_FC2zWlOQ
• Brocklehurst, Steven. “The students who stole the Stone of Destiny.” BBC. 3/24/2023. https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-scotland-tayside-central-63130942
• George, Stephen C. “What Is the Stone of Destiny?” Discover. 6/5/2023. https://www.discovermagazine.com/the-sciences/what-is-the-stone-of-destiny
• Glasgow Police Museum. “THE STONE OF DESTINY – 1950.” https://www.policemuseum.org.uk/crime-casebook/interesting-cases/the-stone-of-destiny-1950/
• Historic Environment Scotland. “Research shines new light on the Stone of Destiny.” 4/5/2023. https://www.historicenvironment.scot/about-us/news/research-shines-new-light-on-the-stone-of-destiny/
• Historic Environment Scotland. “Stone Of Destiny, Edinburgh Castle.” 3D Scan. https://sketchfab.com/3d-models/stone-of-destiny-edinburgh-castle-4d46d1df627d41a2adc65f6550b2fa9c
• London staff. “No trace of missing Stone of Destiny.” The Guardian. 12/27/1950. https://www.theguardian.com/century/1950-1959/Story/0,,105149,00.html
• McAleer, Brendan. “When four students in two Fords stole the Stone of Destiny.” Hagerty Media. 9/29/2022. https://www.hagerty.com/media/automotive-history/when-four-students-in-two-fords-stole-the-stone-of-destiny/
• Rodwell, Warwick. “The Coronation Chair and Stone of Scone : history, archaeology and conservation.” Oxford, Oxbow Books. 2013.

See omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.

For Christmas Eve, we’re sharing our 2016 episode about holiday figures from around the world. This one features the Mari Lwyd, which came up on a recent episode. 

See omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.

This 2019 episode covers John Wilkins who planned out what he thought it would take for humans to travel to the moon In the 1600s. Wilkins managed to ride out a rocky time in England's history comfortably.

See omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.

 Tracy talks about not seeing a frozen body of water that could support a person as a kid. Holly discusses how difficult it is to pare down Hedda Hopper's life into an episode.

See omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.

Though she started out acting, what really made Hedda Hopper famous was her work in newspapers. For several decades, she could make or break a movie career with her gossip column, sending statements to print regardless of whether there was any actual proof of what she claimed.

Research: 

• Collins, Amy Fine. “The Powerful Rivalry of Hedda Hopper and Louella Parsons.” Vanity Fair. April 1997. https://www.vanityfair.com/hollywood/2016/02/rivalry-hedda-hopper-louella-parsons-gossip-columnists
• Eells, George. “Hedda and Louella.” W.H. Allen. Virgin Books. 1972.
• Ephron, Nora. “Hedda and Louella.” New York Times. April 23, 1972. https://www.nytimes.com/1972/04/23/archives/hedda-and-louella-by-george-eells-illustrated-360-pp-new-york-g-p-p.html
• FROST, JENNIFER. “‘GOOD RIDDANCE TO BAD COMPANY’: HEDDA HOPPER, HOLLYWOOD GOSSIP, AND THE CAMPAIGN AGAINST CHARLIE CHAPLIN, 1940-1952.” Australasian Journal of American Studies, vol. 26, no. 2, 2007, pp. 74–88. JSTOR, http://www.jstor.org/stable/41054077
• “Hedda Hopper, Columnist, Dies; Chronicled Gossip of Hollywood.” New York Times. Feb. 2, 1966. https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1966/02/02/79310265.pdf?pdf_redirect=true&ip=0
• “Hollywood’s Godmother to Give Views on Past, Present, Future.” The Tampa Tribune. Jan. 10, 1960. https://www.newspapers.com/image/329731973/?terms=hedda%20hopper&match=1
• Hopper, Hedda. “Hedda Hopper’s Hollywood.” The Shreveport Journal. October 4, 1938. https://www.newspapers.com/image/600365053/?terms=hedda%20hopper&match=1
• Peak, Mamie Ober. “Social Butterfly of Screen a Different Person at Home.” Hartford Courant. Jan 10, 1932. https://www.newspapers.com/image/369469825/?terms=hedda%20hopper&match=1
• Sbardellati, John and Tony Shaw. “Booting a Tramp: Charlie Chaplin, the FBI, and the Construction of the Subversive Image in Red Scare America.” The Pacific Historical Review, Vol. 72, No. 4 (Nov., 2003), pp. 495-530. University of California Press. https://web.viu.ca/davies/H323Vietnam/CharlieChaplin.McCarthyism.pdf
• “William Randolph Hearst’s Campaign to Suppress Citizen Kane.” American Experience. PBS. April 30, 2021. https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/americanexperience/features/kane-william-randolph-hearst-campaign-suppress-citizen-kane/

See omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.

The London Frost Fairs, were festivals held out on the ice when the River Thames froze over. Most of these fairs were in January or February, and the last of them took place in 1814.

Research:

• Andrews, William. “Famous Frosts and Frost Fairs in Great Britain: Chronicled from the Earliest to the Present Time.” G. Redway. 1887. https://archive.org/details/famousfrostsand00andrgoog
• Davis, George. “Frostiana: Or a History of the River Thames in a Frozen State.” London, 1814.
• Evelyn, John. “The Diary of John Evelyn (Volume 2 of 2).” Edited by William Bray. 1901.
• Holman, Martin. “Frost fairs and the frozen Thames.” Art UK. 1/11/2017. https://artuk.org/discover/stories/frost-fairs-and-the-frozen-thames
• Johnson, Ben. “The Thames Frost Fairs.” Historic UK. https://www.historic-uk.com/HistoryUK/HistoryofEngland/The-Thames-Frost-Fairs/
• Magdalen College. “An Historical Account of the Late Great Frost.” https://www.magd.ox.ac.uk/blog/an-historical-account-of-the-late-great-frost/
• Marchant, Katrina. “Frost Fairs: Fun on the Frozen Thames.” Reading the Past. 11/25/2022. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nq-ZZ9CdsDk
• Melhuish, Fiona. “’Carnival on the Water’: The Thames Frost Fairs.” 1/16/2017. https://collections.reading.ac.uk/special-collections/2017/01/16/carnivals-on-the-water-the-thames-frost-fairs/
• Nelson, Jessica. “Frost Fairs on the Thames.” 1/31/2018. https://blog.nationalarchives.gov.uk/frost-fairs-thames/
• Selli, Fabrizio. “All the fun of the Frost Fair: why, when and how did Londoners party on the ice?” Museum of London. 11/27/2018. https://www.museumoflondon.org.uk/discover/frost-fairs
• Shaull-Thompson, Remi. “’Frost Fairs,’ the Little Ice Age and Climate Change.” 5/7/2019. https://blogs.scientificamerican.com/observations/frost-fairs-the-little-ice-age-and-climate-change/
• Srigley, Michael. “The Great Frost Fair of 1683-4.” History Today. 12/12/1960. https://www.historytoday.com/archive/feature/great-frost-fair-1683-4
• Staveley-Wadham, Rose. “‘The Thames is Now Both a Fair and Market Too’ – Discovering the Frost Fair of 1814.” British Newspaper Archive. 1/21/2019. https://blog.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/2019/01/21/discovering-the-frost-fair-of-1814/
• “The great frost. cold doings in London, except it be at the lotterie. With newes out of the country. A familiar talke betwene a country-man and a citizen touching this terrible frost and the great lotterie, and the effects of them. the description of the Thames frozen over.” https://quod.lib.umich.edu/e/eebo2/B07684.0001.001?rgn=main;view=fulltext
• The History Press. “The last Thames frost fair.” https://www.thehistorypress.co.uk/articles/the-last-thames-frost-fair/
• Ward, Jospeh P. “The Taming of the Thames: Reading the River in the Seventeenth Century.” Huntington Library Quarterly , Vol. 71, No. 1 (March 2008). https://www.jstor.org/stable/10.1525/hlq.2008.71.1.55
• “Broadside ballad, 1684, describing a Frost Fair on the frozen Thames at Temple.” https://www.layersoflondon.org/map/records/broadside-ballad-1684-describing-a-frost-fair-on-the-frozen-thames-at-temple

See omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.

This 2016 episode was inspired by our trip to the Royall House & Slave Quarters. It's about Belinda Sutton and her petitions to be compensated for her enslavement to the Royall family.

Here is the link to the video we recorded for HowStuffWorks at Royall House & Slave Quarters: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QdE7ravZvas&list=PLNrBwGzpymDJwMDZeUI939TpVViLOKHpy

See omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.

Holly and Tracy share formative experiences with math classes. Then Tracy discusses a spinning bee, Lafayette in Medford, and her historical fanfiction.

See omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.

Sarah Bradlee Fulton is sometimes called the Mother of the Boston Tea Party. But available information about her is basically a series of anecdotes, and can’t really be corroborated.

Research:

• "The Boston Tea Party, 1773," EyeWitness to History, www.eyewitnesstohistory.com (2002).
• “Boston Gazette Account.” http://www.boston-tea-party.org/account-boston-gazette.html
• Albus, Brenda Ely. “’A Woman Fearing Nothing’: The Story of Sarah Bradlee Fulton: A Revolutionary War Heroine.” Lulu.com. 2014.
• American Battlefield Trust. “Sarah Bradlee Fulton.” https://www.battlefields.org/learn/biographies/sarah-bradlee-fulton
• Bell, J.L. “Inspecting the Tea Party House.”11/21/2019. https://boston1775.blogspot.com/2019/11/inspecting-tea-party-house.html
• Bell, J.L. “The Legends of Sarah Bradlee Fulton.” Boston 1775. 11/20/2019. https://boston1775.blogspot.com/2019/11/the-legends-of-sarah-bradlee-fulton.html
• Boston Globe. “Helen T. Wild.” Obituary. 7/27/1948. https://www.newspapers.com/image/433376820/?terms=%22Helen%20T.%20Wild%22&match=1
• Boston Globe. “Painted Him For the Tea Party.” 12/17/1896. https://www.newspapers.com/image/430805744/
• Boston Tea Party Ships & Museum. “Sarah Bradlee Fulton.” https://www.bostonteapartyship.com/sarah-bradlee-fulton
• Brooks, Rebecca Beatrice. “The Daughters of Liberty: Who Were They and What Did They Do?” History of Massachusetts Blog. https://historyofmassachusetts.org/who-were-the-daughters-of-liberty/
• Dorchester Athenaeum. “Sarah Bradlee Fulton.” https://www.dorchesteratheneum.org/project/sarah-bradlee-fulton/
• Grinde, Donald A. “Exemplar of liberty : native America and the evolution of democracy.” American Indian Studies Center, University of California, Los Angeles. 1991.
• Gruber, Kate Egner. “The Daughters of Liberty.” American Battlefield Trust. https://www.battlefields.org/learn/articles/daughters-liberty
• Hewes, George R. T. “A Retrospect of the Boston Tea-party, with a Memoir of George R.T. Hewes” (New York: 1834), 37-41. https://www.americanyawp.com/reader/the-american-revolution/george-r-t-hewes-a-retrospect-of-the-boston-tea-party-1834/
• New England Historical Society. “How the Daughters of Liberty Fought for Independence.” 2022. https://newenglandhistoricalsociety.com/daughters-liberty-fought-independence/
• Norton, Mary Beth. “Liberty's daughters : the Revolutionary experience of American women, 1750-1800.” Harper Collins. 1990.
• Reed, Esther. “Sentiments of An American Woman, 1780.” https://www-personal.umd.umich.edu/~ppennock/doc-Sentiments%20of%20An%20American%20Woman.htm
• The Freedom Trail. “Old South meeting House.” https://www.thefreedomtrail.org/trail-sites/old-south-meeting-house
• Tryon, Rolla Milton. “Household Manufactures in the United States, 1640-1860.” University of Chicago. January 1917. https://play.google.com/store/books/details?id=xwNOAAAAMAAJ&rdid=book-xwNOAAAAMAAJ&rdot=1
• Wild, Helen T. “Sarah Bradlee Fulton. Dorchester, 1740. Medford, 1835.” American Monthly, Washington, D. C. Via Medford Historical Society: Medford Historical Society Papers, Volume 1. https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A2005.05.0001%3Achapter%3D18%3Asection%3Dc.18.19%3Apage%3D53#note1

See omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.

Two men, working separately but simultaneously, are each cited as the originator of the idea of the metric system depending on what source you read. But it took more than 100 years to implement the ideas they suggested.

Research:

• Alder, Ken. “The Measure of All Things.” Simon & Schuster. 2003.
• Benham, Elizabeth. “Busting Myths About the Metric System.” National Institute of Standards and Technology. Oct. 6, 2020. https://www.nist.gov/blogs/taking-measure/busting-myths-about-metric-system
• “Brief History and Use of the English and Metric Systems of Measurement.” The Science Teacher, vol. 36, no. 5, 1969, pp. 39–40. JSTOR, http://www.jstor.org/stable/24151702
• Evelyn, John. “The Diary of John Evelyn, Vol. 1.” M. Walter Dunne. 1901. Accessed online: https://www.gutenberg.org/files/41218/41218-h/41218-h.htm#Footnote_49_49
• Gilbert, Burnet. “Lives, Characters, and An Address to Posterity.” London. J. Duncan. Accessed online: https://archive.org/details/livescharactersa00burnrich/page/n5/mode/2up
• JOHNSON, ART, et al. “MATH ROOTS: The Beginnings of the Metric System.” Mathematics Teaching in the Middle School, vol. 12, no. 5, 2006, pp. 228–31. JSTOR, http://www.jstor.org/stable/41182394
• “Biographie Universelle Classique. Biographie Universelle, Ou Dictionnaire Historique, Etc.” Volume 4. 1833. Accessed online: https://www.google.com/books/edition/Biographie_Universelle_Classique_Biograp/lqqTLwFIyCsC?hl=en&gbpv=0
• Maestro, Marcello. “Going Metric: How It All Started.” Journal of the History of Ideas, vol. 41, no. 3, 1980, pp. 479–86. JSTOR, https://doi.org/10.2307/2709407
• “Origin of the Metric System.” U.S. Metric Association. https://usma.org/origin-of-the-metric-system
• Pepys, Samuel “Diary of Samuel Pepys, Complete.” George Bell and Sons. London. 1893. Accessed online: https://www.gutenberg.org/files/4200/4200-h/4200-h.htm
• Riebeek, Holli. “Planetary Motion: The History of an Idea That Launched the Scientific Revolution.” Earth Observatory NASA. July 7, 2009. https://earthobservatory.nasa.gov/features/OrbitsHistory
• Russell, Cristine. “Congress Inches Away from Metric Conversion.” BioScience, vol. 24, no. 8, 1974, pp. 441–43. JSTOR, http://www.jstor.org/stable/1296850
• Speziali, Pierre. “Mouton, Gabriel.” Dictionary of Scientific Biography, edited by Charles Coulston Gillespie. Vol. 9, pp. 554–555. New York. 1974.
• Stephen, Leslie. “Dictionary of National ” MacMillan. New York. 1885-1900. Accessed online: https://archive.org/details/dictionaryofnati61stepuoft/page/n11/mode/2up
• Wallis, John, Dr. “The Origin of the Royal Society, 1645-1662.” Fordham University Modern History Sourcebook. https://sourcebooks.fordham.edu/mod/1662royalsociety.asp
• “Latitude Dependent Changes in Gravitational Acceleration.” UNLV Department of Geosicence. https://pburnley.faculty.unlv.edu/GEOL452_652/gravity/notes/GravityNotes18LatitudeVariations.htm
• Wetfall, Richard S. “Mouton, Gabriel.” The Galileo Project. Rice University. http://galileo.rice.edu/Catalog/NewFiles/mouton.html
• Britannica, The Editors of Encyclopaedia. "pendulum". Encyclopedia Britannica, 7 May. 2022, https://www.britannica.com/technology/pendulum
• Britannica, The Editors of Encyclopaedia. "Imperial units". Encyclopedia Britannica, 10 Nov. 2023, https://www.britannica.com/topic/Imperial-unit
• Britannica, The Editors of E "metric system". Encyclopedia Britannica, 17 Nov. 2023, https://www.britannica.com/science/metric-system-measurement
• “Metrication in other countries.” U.S. Metric Associatio https://usma.org/metrication-in-other-countries#chart
• Ramani, Madhvi. “How France created the metric system.” BBC. Feb. 24, 2022. https://www.bbc.com/travel/article/20180923-how-france-created-the-metric-system
• Zupko, Ronald and Chisholm, Lawrence James. "measurement system."Encyclopedia Britannica, 20 Oct. 2023, https://www.britannica.com/science/measurement-system

See omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.

This 2019 episode looks at a few of the moments in traffic light history that got us to where we are today, as well as what made them a necessity in the first place

See omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.

Holly and Tracy discuss Advent calendars in their own lives. They also discuss some of their experiences in Barcelona. 

See omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.

Montjuïc Castle is a fortress in Barcelona that dates back to the 17th century. And it has been involved in both the defense of Barcelona and its repression – repeatedly, over the course of centuries.

Research: 

• "Catalonia." Britannica Library, Encyclopædia Britannica, 8 Jun. 2023. libraries.state.ma.us/login?eburl=https%3A%2F%2Flibrary.eb.com&ebtarget=%2Flevels%2Freferencecenter%2Farticle%2FCatalonia%2F20756&ebboatid=9265928. Accessed 20 Nov. 2023.
• "Miguel Primo de Rivera." Britannica Library, Encyclopædia Britannica, 20 Jul. 1998. libraries.state.ma.us/login?eburl=https%3A%2F%2Flibrary.eb.com&ebtarget=%2Flevels%2Freferencecenter%2Farticle%2FMiguel-Primo-de-Rivera%2F61388&ebboatid=9265928. Accessed 20 Nov. 2023.
• “The regencies of María Cristina and Espartero (1833-1840).” https://www.edu.xunta.gal/centros/espazoAbalar/aulavirtual/pluginfile.php/711/mod_imscp/content/3/the_regencies_of_mara_cristina_and_espartero_18331840.html
• Albareda, Joaquim. “The reasons for the resistance of 1714.” Barcelona Metropolis. https://www.barcelona.cat/bcnmetropolis/2007-2017/en/dossier/les-raons-de-la-resistencia-de-1714/
• Barcelona Cultura. “Castel de Montjuïc.” https://ajuntament.barcelona.cat/castelldemontjuic/en/castle/history
• Britannica, The Editors of Encyclopaedia. "Baldomero Espartero, prince de Vergara". Encyclopedia Britannica, 23 Feb. 2023, https://www.britannica.com/biography/Baldomero-Espartero-principe-de-Vergara. Accessed 17 November 2023.
• Britannica, The Editors of Encyclopaedia. "Isabella II". Encyclopedia Britannica, 6 Oct. 2023, https://www.britannica.com/biography/Isabella-II-queen-of-Spain. Accessed 17 November 2023.
• Britannica, The Editors of Encyclopaedia. "Leopoldo O’Donnell, duke de Tetuán". Encyclopedia Britannica, 2 Nov. 2023, https://www.britannica.com/biography/Leopoldo-ODonnell-duque-de-Tetuan. Accessed 17 November 2023.
• Britannica, The Editors of Encyclopaedia. "Pragmatic Sanction of King Ferdinand VII". Encyclopedia Britannica, 20 Jul. 1998, https://www.britannica.com/topic/Pragmatic-Sanction-of-King-Ferdinand-VII. Accessed 20 November 2023.
• Casanovas, Jordi. “The scattered patrimony of the Jewish cemetery of Montjuïc.” Museu Nacional D’Art de Catalunya Blog. 5/25/2017. https://blog.museunacional.cat/en/the-scattered-patrimony-of-the-jewish-cemetery-of-montjuic/
• Center of Studies ZAKHOR. “The Jewish Cemetery of Montjuïc in Barcelona: opportunity and challenge to dignify a common past.” For Raíces Magazine No. 76 - Fall 2008. Translated from Spanish by M. Blier. https://urbancultours.com/Imagenes/experience/Cemetery%20of%20Montjuic%20Raices%2008.pdf
• Corbella, Manel Risques. “Montjuïc Castle Visitor’s Guide.” Ajuntament de Barcelona.
• Geli, Carles. “Why do Catalans celebrate on September 11?” El Pais. 9/11/2013. https://english.elpais.com/elpais/2013/09/11/inenglish/1378927670_783521.html
• Kahn, Sonia. “Indeterminately Independent: The Volatile Autonomy of the Spanish Region of Catalonia.” Library of Congress Blogs. https://blogs.loc.gov/maps/2022/09/indeterminately-independent-the-volatile-autonomy-of-the-spanish-region-of-catalonia/
• Pons, Marc. “’For the good of Spain, Barcelona must be bombarded once every 50 years.’” El Nacional. 12/3/2019. https://www.elnacional.cat/en/culture/marc-pons-history-barcelona-bombard-50-years_412060_102.html
• Sanz Loroño, Miguel Ángel. “1842: bombardeen Barcelona.” El Salto. 7/10/2023. https://www.elsaltodiario.com/anales-espana/1842-bombardeen-barcelona
• Shubert, Adrian. “The Sword of Luchana: Baldomero Espartero and the Making of Modern Spain, 1793–1879.” University of Toronto Press. 2021.
• Sparks, Tori. “Barcelona's Montjuïc Castle, Past & Present.” Metropolitan Barcelona. https://www.barcelona-metropolitan.com/features/history/barcelona-montjuic-castle-past-present/
• Sparks, Tori. “The Reaper’s War: A Peasant Uprising in Catalunya.” Metropolitan Barcelona. https://www.barcelona-metropolitan.com/features/history/the-reapers-war-a-peasant-uprising-in-catalunya/

See omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.

The religious observation of Advent has shifted and changed through the years. But how did we get to a point where an Advent calendar is also a non-religious Christmas countdown with chocolates or other treats?

Research:

• Allen, Scott. “A Brief History of Advent Calendars.” Mental Floss. Dec. 1, 2010. https://www.mentalfloss.com/article/26522/brief-history-advent-calendars
• “A Look Back at the Advent of the Advent Calendar.” The Journal Times. (Racine, Wisconsin.) November 25, 2006. https://www.newspapers.com/image/342040471/?terms=advent%20history
• Beck, Katherine. “The Sweet History of Chocolate in Advent Calendars.” Tasting Table. Nov. 3, 2022. https://www.tastingtable.com/1084507/the-sweet-history-of-chocolate-in-advent-calendars/
• Bostrom, Kathleen Long. “Waiting for Christmas: A Story about the Advent Calendar.” Zonderkidz. 2006.
• Britannica, The Editors of Encyclopaedia. "Advent". Encyclopedia Britannica, 27 Nov. 2023, https://www.britannica.com/topic/Advent
• Butler, Alban. “The Moveable Feasts, Fasts, and Other Annual Observances of the Catholic Church.” John Morris. 1775. Accessed online: https://www.google.com/books/edition/The_Moveable_Feasts_Fasts_and_Other_Annu/xL94Kwv5JkYC?hl=en&gbpv=0
• “Advent Calendars.” German Christmas Museum. https://www.weihnachtsmuseum.de/en/adventskalender
• Johnson, Maxwell E. “Between Memory and Hope: Readings on the Lirturgical Year.” Liturgical Press. 2022.
• “Largest Advent Calendar.” Guiness Book of World Records. https://www.guinnessworldrecords.com/world-records/largest-advent-calendar
• “President Eisenhower’s Grandchildren.” Getty Images/ Bettmann Archive. 1954. https://www.gettyimages.com/detail/news-photo/president-eisenhowers-three-grandchildren-join-in-an-appeal-news-photo/1177519748
• Tanner, Jeremy and NEXSTAR MEDIA WIRE. “How did Advent calendars become a beloved holiday tradition?” The Hill. Dec. 11, 2022. https://thehill.com/homenews/3763921-how-did-advent-calendars-become-a-beloved-holiday-tradition/
• Treisman, Rachel. “Advent calendars, explained: Where they came from and why they're everywhere now.” NPR. Updated Nov. 6, 2023. https://www.npr.org/2022/12/11/1141855237/advent-calendar-history-evolution#:~:text=German%20publisher%20Gerhard%20Lang%20is,one%20each%20day%20of%20Advent.
• “The story of the Advent calendar.” SELLMER ADVENTSKALENDER. https://sellmer-adventskalender.com/en-us/pages/history-of-the-advent-calendar
• Holcomb, Justin. “What is Advent? The History, Meaning, and Traditions.” Christianity.com. Nov. 13, 2023. https://www.christianity.com/wiki/holidays/what-is-advent.html
• Blakemore, Erin. “What is Advent – and why do we mark it with treat-filled calendars?” National Geographic. Nov. 29, 2021. https://www.nationalgeographic.com/culture/article/advent-is-a-season-of-candlelight-reflection-and-expectation
• “Porsche advent calendar on sale for $1million includes yacht and watch.” Metro UK. Sept. 26, 2010. https://metro.co.uk/2010/09/26/porsche-advent-calendar-on-sale-for-1million-includes-yacht-and-watch-532456/
• Shain, Susan. “Day 1: The Joy of Counting Down.” New York Times. Nov. 30, 2022. https://www.nytimes.com/2022/11/30/style/day-1-the-joy-of-counting-down.html
• “What is Advent?” United States Conference of Catholic Bishops. https://www.usccb.org/prayer-worship/liturgical-year/advent

See omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.

Holly and Tracy talk about the blackout that happened during the recording of their live show in Los Angeles. They then discuss their different activities during their time visiting Montserrat. 

See omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.

Montserrat is a culturally important place with a lot of stories. This episode focuses on three to show its importance as a religious center, as a strategic military location, and finally, as a place that has been home to political protest.

Research:

• Buttery, Helen. “The Dark Queen.” National Post. March 31, 2001. https://www.newspapers.com/image/513661243/?terms=madonna%20montserrat&match=1
• “Basque Country and Catalonia: Different Paths to Recognition.” Centre on Constitutional Change. June 3, 2019. https://www.centreonconstitutionalchange.ac.uk/news-and-opinion/basque-country-and-catalonia-different-paths-recognition
• Britannica, The Editors of Encyclopaedia. "ETA". Encyclopedia Britannica, 15 Sep. 2023, https://www.britannica.com/topic/ETA
• Dawson, Paul. “Napoleon’s Peninsular War: The French Experience of the War in Spain from Vimeiro to Corunna, 1808–1809.” Frontline Books. 2020.
• “Defendents Backed By Protestors.” Arizona Daily Star. Dec. 14, 1970. https://www.newspapers.com/image/164623929/?terms=montserrat%20protest&match=1
• Duricy, Michael P. “Montserrat Black Madonna: Black Madonnas: Our Lady of Montserrat.” University of Dayton. https://udayton.edu/imri/mary/m/montserrat-black-madonna.php#:~:text=the%20dark%20color%20of%20Our,most%20celebrated%20images%20in%20Spain.
• Duricy, Michael P. “Black Madonnas: Origin, History, Controversy.” University of Dayton. https://udayton.edu/imri/mary/b/black-madonnas-origin-history-controversy.php
• Eder, Richard. “Burgos Court: Stage for Basque Case.” New York Times. Dec. 7, 1970. https://www.nytimes.com/1970/12/07/archives/burgos-court-stage-for-basque-cause.html
• Eder, Richard. “Trial of Basques Starts in Burgos.” New York Times. December 4, 1970. https://www.nytimes.com/1970/12/04/archives/trial-of-basques-starts-in-burgos-15-are-charged-in-slaying-of.html
• Gipson, Ferren. “The Story of the Black Madonnas.” Art UK. Oct. 11, 2018. https://artuk.org/discover/stories/the-story-of-the-black-madonnas
• Jeffrey, Simon. “Timeline: ETA.” The Guardian. March 11, 2004. https://www.theguardian.com/world/2004/mar/11/spain.simonjeffery
• “Limit to Free Speech.” Des Moines Tribune. Dec. 16, 1970. https://www.newspapers.com/image/325193542/?terms=montserrat%20protest&match=1
• Nurse, Charlie. “The Burgos Show Trial of 1970. Ihr.world. Dec. 3, 2020. https://ihr.world/en/2020/12/03/the-burgos-showtrial-of-1970/
• Oman, Charles William Chadwick. “A History of the Peninsular War.” Oxford. 1902. Accessed online: https://archive.org/details/historyofpeninsu04oman/page/n9/mode/2up
• “Police Surround Montserrat Monastery.” Redlands Daily Facts. Dec. 14, 1970. https://www.newspapers.com/image/5016668/?terms=montserrat%20monastery&match=1
• Roccasalvo, Joan L., C.S.J. “Elegance Personified: The Black Madonna of Montserrat.” The Institute for Sacred Architecture. Volume 21. https://www.sacredarchitecture.org/articles/elegance_personified
• Scheer, Monique. “From Majesty to Mystery: Change in the Meanings of Black Madonnas from the Sixteenth to Nineteenth Centuries.” The American Historical Review, vol. 107, no. 5, 2002, pp. 1412–40. JSTOR, https://doi.org/10.1086/532852
• “Sit-in Staged at Monastery.” Tulsa World. Dec. 14, 1970. https://www.newspapers.com/image/888773559/?terms=montserrat%20monastery&match=1
• “Spanish Police Given Special Arrest Powers.” York Daily Record. Dec. 15, 1970. https://www.newspapers.com/image/553332476/?terms=montserrat%20protest&match=1
• “Time Won for the Basques.” The Guardian. Dec. 18, 1970. https://www.newspapers.com/image/260548322/?terms=montserrat%20protest&match=1
• Wilkinson, Isambard. “Montserrat Black Virgin ‘was white originally.’” The Telegraph. April 13, 2001. https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/europe/spain/1316133/Montserrat-Black-Virgin-was-white-originally.html
• “History of the Museum.” Museu de Montserrat. https://www.museudemontserrat.com/es/el-museo/historiadelmdm/1
• Pattullo, Polly. "Montserrat". Encyclopedia Britannica, 19 Oct. 2023, https://www.britannica.com/place/Montserrat-island-West-Indies
• Pujol i Camps, Celestino. “The Bruch Drum.” Biblioteca Virtual Miguel De Cervantes. https://www.cervantesvirtual.com/obra-visor/el-tambor-del-bruch-0/html/004bc4e8-82b2-11df-acc7-002185ce6064_2.html
• “History.” Abadia de Montserrat. https://abadiamontserrat.cat/en/history/#

See omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.

This episode was recorded (mostly) live at the AC Hotel Los Angeles South Bay, where we talked about Collinses, the Bees Knees, and a man who is iconic in bartending history.

Research:

• Brown, Jared, and Anistatia Miller. “Is the Bee’s Knees Cocktail Making a Comeback?” Imbibe Live. Feb. 22, 2022. https://live.imbibe.com/en-gb/blog/spirits-and-cocktails/bees-knees-cocktail-comeback.html
• “The Gourd Club.” New York Times. May 10, 1878. https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1878/05/10/80682606.pdf?pdf_redirect=true&ip=0
• Garrett, Dylan. “Tom Collins.” Liquor.com. Sept. 5, 2023. https://www.liquor.com/recipes/tom-collins-2/#:~:text=The%20Tom%20Collins%20is%20basically,essentially%20a%20gin%2Dsour%20spritz.
• Grimes, William. “The Bartender Who Started It All.” New York Times. Oct. 31, 2007. https://www.nytimes.com/2007/10/31/dining/31cock.html
• Grimes, William. “CRITIC'S NOTEBOOK; Shaken, Stirred or Mixed, The Gilded Age Lives Again.” March 26, 2003. https://www.nytimes.com/2003/03/26/dining/critic-s-notebook-shaken-stirred-or-mixed-the-gilded-age-lives-again.html
• “In and About the City: A Noted Saloon Keeper Dead.” New York Times. December 16, 1885. https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1885/12/16/103643963.pdf?pdf_redirect=true&ip=0
• Kurash, Jody. “Cocktail of the Month: It’s the Bee’s Knees!” The Georgetowner. Sept. 14, 2022. https://georgetowner.com/articles/2022/09/14/cocktail-of-the-month-its-the-bees-knees/
• Rothbaum, Noah. “Frank Meier, The Paris Ritz’s Mysterious Bartender Spy.” The Daily Beast. Aug. 2, 2015. https://www.thedailybeast.com/frank-meier-the-paris-ritzs-mysterious-bartender-spy
• Sutcliffe, Theodora. “Jerry Thomas.” Difford’s Guide. https://www.diffordsguide.com/encyclopedia/2882/people/jerry-thomas
• “Tom Collins.” Yorkville Enquirer. June 11, 1874. https://www.newspapers.com/image/339414525/?terms=%22Tom%20Collins%22%20&match=1
• “Tom Collins in Town.” Carlisle Weekly Herald. July 9, 1874. https://www.newspapers.com/image/269986710/?terms=%22Tom%20Collins%22%20&match=1
• Difford, Simon. “Collins Cocktails – recipes and history.” Difford’s Guide. https://www.diffordsguide.com/encyclopedia/490/cocktails/collins-cocktails-recipes-and-history
• Mazzeo, Tilar J. “The Hotel on Place Vendome: Life, Death, and Betrayal at the Hotel Ritz in Paris.” Harper. 2014.
• “Molly Brown Biography.” Biography.com. April 27, 2021. https://www.biography.com/activists/molly-brown
• Seiter, Matt. “The Ricky and the Collins: Two Cocktail Classics.” Feast. Feb. 27, 2015. https://www.feastmagazine.com/recipes/the-rickey-and-the-collins-two-cocktail-classics/article_40844aa2-bdd7-11e4-9031-2f85f8e5854c.html
• Thenon, Georges Gabriel. “Cocktails de Paris.” Editions Demangel. Paris. 1929. Accessed online: https://euvs-vintage-cocktail-books.cld.bz/1929-Cocktails-de-Paris/72/
• Wondrich, David. “Imbibe!” Penguin. 2015.

See omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.

This 2018 episode covers the four Mirabal sisters, who are national heroes in the Dominican Republic. But they weren't very well-known elsewhere until 20 or so years ago when they became the subject of a historical novel.

See omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.

Holly and Tracy discuss Bertillon's influence in the practice of people carrying ID cards. Tracy talks about how much she loves historical uprisings that include smashing things. 

See omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.

The Rebecca Riots took place in Wales in the 1830s and 1840s. While these events are often described as a protest against heavy road tolls, that was only a small part of the story. 

Research:

• Age of Revolution. “Rebecca and her daughters.” https://ageofrevolution.org/200-object/rebecca-and-her-daughters/
• Age of Revolution. “Tollhouse designed by Thomas Telford.” https://ageofrevolution.org/200-object/tollhouse-designed-by-thomas-telford/
• Britannica, The Editors of Encyclopaedia. "Rebecca Riots". Encyclopedia Britannica, 4 Oct. 2010, https://www.britannica.com/event/Rebecca-Riots. Accessed 26 October 2023.
• Evans, Henry Tobit. “Rebecca and her daughters, being a history of the agrarian disturbances in Wales known as The Rebecca Riots. Edited by G.T. Evans.” Cardiff Educational Pub. Co. 1910.
• Evans, Neil. “The Rebecca Riots.” Wales History. https://www.bbc.co.uk/wales/history/sites/themes/society/politics_rebecca_riots.shtml
• Jones, David J. V. “Rebecca's children : a study of rural society, crime, and protest.” Oxford : Clarendon Press ; New York : Oxford University Press. 1989.
• Jones, Rhian E. “Petticoat Heroes: Gender, Culture and Popular Protest in the Rebecca Riots.” University of Wales Press. 2015.
• Loveluck-Edwards, Graham. “19th Century Welsh insurrection | The Merthyr Rising | The Rebecca Riots | The Chartists Revolt.” Via YouTube. 6/17/2023. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fZRrPJ3eDKE
• Rees, Lowri Anne. “Paternalism and rural protest: the Rebecca riots and the landed interest of south-west Wales.” The Agricultural History Review , 2011, Vol. 59, No. 1 (2011). http://www.jstor.com/stable/41330097
• Rees, Lowri Anne. “The woman who dared to stand up to the Rebecca rioters.” Wales Online. 3/1/2017. https://www.walesonline.co.uk/lifestyle/nostalgia/woman-who-dared-stand-up-12596830
• Seal, Graham. “Tradition and Agrarian Protest in Nineteenth-Century England and Wales.” Folklore , 1988, Vol. 99, No. 2 (1988). Via JSTOR. https://www.jstor.org/stable/1260453
• The National Archives. “Rebecca riots.” https://www.nationalarchives.gov.uk/education/resources/rebecca-riots/
• Turner, Chris. “Revisiting Rebecca Riots.” Canolfan Garth Olwg. Via YouTube. 3/4/2022. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=O0VemuEEyvI

See omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.

Bertillon developed a system of identification via body measurements that was designed to identify whether crime suspects had an existing criminal history. But his contributions to police work have been occluded by some terrible missteps. 

Research: 

• Britannica, The Editors of Encyclopaedia. "Alphonse Bertillon". Encyclopedia Britannica, 19 Apr. 2023, https://www.britannica.com/biography/Alphonse-Bertillon
• “Identifying Prisoners.” St. Louis Globe-Democrat. December 16, 1886. https://www.newspapers.com/image/571277110/?terms=Alphonse%20Bertillion&match=1
• Gates, Kelly. “Our Biometric Future: Facial Recognition Technology and the Culture of Surveillance.” NYU Press. 2011.
• Fornabai, Nanette L. “Criminal Factors: ‘Fantômas’, Anthropometrics, and the Numerical Fictions of Modern Criminal Identity.” Yale French Studies, no. 108, 2005, pp. 60–73. JSTOR, https://doi.org/10.2307/4149298
• Fosdick, Raymond B. “The Passing of the Bertillon System of Identification.” Journal of the American Institute of Criminal Law and Criminology, vol. 6, no. 3, 1915, pp. 363–69. JSTOR, https://doi.org/10.2307/1132744
• Hoobler, Thomas and Dorothy. “The Crimes of Paris: A True Story of Murder, Theft, and Detection.” Little, Brown, and Co. 2009.
• Levendowski, Amanda, “Face Surveillance Was Always Flawed.” Public Books. Nov. 30, 2021. https://www.publicbooks.org/face-surveillance-was-always-flawed/
• Mouat, F. J. “Notes on M. Bertillon’s Discourse on the Anthropometric Measurement of Criminals.” The Journal of the Anthropological Institute of Great Britain and Ireland, vol. 20, 1891, pp. 182–98. JSTOR, https://doi.org/10.2307/2842237
• Wang, Hansi Lo. “Meet Alphonse Bertillon, The Man Behind The Modern Mug Shot.” NPR. March 8, 2016. https://www.npr.org/2016/03/08/469174753/meet-alphonse-bertillon-the-man-behind-the-modern-mug-shot
• Daniel V. The Social History of Disaster Victim Identification in the United States, 1865 to 1950. Acad Forensic Pathol. 2020 Mar;10(1):4-15. doi: 10.1177/1925362120941336
• Helfand, Jessica. “Alphonse Bertillon and the Troubling Pursuit of Human Metrics.” The MIT Press Reader. May 5. 2021. https://thereader.mitpress.mit.edu/the-troubling-pursuit-of-human-metrics/
• “Alphonse Bertillon (1853-1914).” National Library of Medicine. Visible Proofs: Forensic Views of the Body. https://www.nlm.nih.gov/exhibition/visibleproofs/galleries/biographies/bertillon.html
• Farebrother, R. and Champkin, J. (2014), Alphonse Bertillon and the measure of man: More expert than Sherlock Holmes. Significance, 11: 36-39. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1740-9713.2014.00739.x
• Guthrie, Glenice J., and Sharon Jenkins. “Bertillon Files: An Untapped Source of Nineteenth-Century Human Height Data.” Journal of Anthropological Research, vol. 61, no. 2, 2005, pp. 201–15. JSTOR, http://www.jstor.org/stable/3630855

See omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.

This 2019 episode covers Sarah Josepha Hale's well-known poetry, and her publication Godey's Lady's Book, the most popular magazine in the U.S. in the middle of the 19th century,

See omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.

Tracy and Holly discuss elementary school experiences with Mourning Dove's work, and Tracy ponders whether her story intersected with other topics from the show. 

See omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.

In 1916, Mourning Dove gave an interview that described the book she had written as soon to be published, but it turned out to still be years away. Part two covers the years it took to get that book published, and her life after it. 

Research:

• American Folklore Society. “Mourning Dove (Hum-ishu-ma / Christine Quintasket).” https://notablefolkloristsofcolor.org/portfolio/mourning-dove-hum-ishu-ma-christine-quintasket/
• Arnold, Laurie. “More than Mourning Dove: Christine Quintasket—Activist, Leader, Public Intellectual.” Montana The Magazine of Western History, Spring 2017, Vol. 67, No. 1. Via JSTOR. https://www.jstor.org/stable/26322854
• Brown, Alanna Kathleen. “Mourning Dove's Voice in ‘Cogewea.’” Wicazo Sa Review , Autumn, 1988, Vol. 4, No. 2 (Autumn, 1988). https://www.jstor.org/stable/1409273
• Brown, Alanna Kathleen. “The Evolution of Mourning Dove’s Coyote Stories.” Studies in American Indian Literatures , Summer/Fall 1992, Series 2, Vol. 4. Via JSTOR. http://www.jstor.com/stable/20736610
• Brown, Alanna Kathleen. “The Evolution of Mourning Dove’s Coyote Stories.” Studies in American Indian Literatures , Summer/Fall 1992, Series 2, Vol. 4. Via JSTOR. http://www.jstor.com/stable/20736610
• Brown, Anna Kathleen. “Reviewed Work(s): Coyote Stories by Mourning Dove and Jay Miller; Mourning Dove: A Salishan Autobiography by Jay Miller.” Studies in American Indian Literatures, Series 2, Vol. 3, No. 2. Via JSTOR. https://www.jstor.org/stable/20736517 
• Center for the Study of the Pacific Northwest. “Texts by and about Natives: Commentary. 9. Christine Quintasket (Mourning Dove or Humishuma).” University of Washington. https://www.washington.edu/uwired/outreach/cspn/Website/Classroom%20Materials/Reading%20the%20Region/Texts%20by%20and%20about%20Natives/Commentary/9.html
• Johnson-Roehr, S.N. “Christine Quintasket.” JSTOR Daily. 10/10/2022. https://daily.jstor.org/christine-quintasket/
• Karell, Linda K. “’This Story I Am Telling You Is True’: Collaboration and Literary Authority in Mourning Dove's ‘Cogewea.’” American Indian Quarterly , Autumn, 1995, Vol. 19, No. 4. https://www.jstor.org/stable/1185559
• Kennedy, Kara and Sarah Werner. “Cogewea’s Blog: An Analysis of One of North America’s First Novels Written by a Female Indigenous Author.” 7/31/2010. https://cogewea.wordpress.com/
• Lamont, Victoria. “Native American Oral Practice and the Popular Novel; Or, Why Mourning Dove Wrote a Western.” Source: Western American Literature , Winter 2005, Vol. 39, No. 4. Via JSTOR. https://www.jstor.org/stable/43022337
• Miller, Jay. “Mourning Dove: Editing in All Directions to "Get Real".” Studies in American Indian Literatures , Summer 1995, Series 2, Vol. 7, No. 2. Via JSTOR. https://www.jstor.org/stable/20736849
• Montana Outdoor Hall of Fame. “Michael Pablo 1844-1914, Charles A. Allard 1852-1896.” https://mtoutdoorhalloffame.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/11/Charles-Allard.pdf
• Mourning Dove. “Coyote Stories.” Edited and illustrated by Hester Dean Guie, with notes by L.V. McWhorter (Old Wolf) and a foreword by Chief Standing Bear.” University of Nebraska Press. 1934 (Reprinted 1990).
• Mourning Dove. “Mourning Dove: A Salishan Autobiography.” Edited by Jay Miller. University of Nebraska Press. 1990.
• Nisbet, Jack and Claire. “Mourning Dove (Christine Quintasket) (ca. 1884-1936).” HistoryLink.org. 8/7/2010. https://www.historylink.org/File/9512
• Spokane Spokesman-Review. “Colville Indian Girl Blazes Trail to New Conception of Redmen in Her Novel, ‘Cogewea,’ Soon to be Published.” 4/9/1916. https://www.newspapers.com/image/566560963/
• Strong, Robert. “5 – The Uncooperative Primary Source: Literary Recovery versus Historical Fact in the Strange Production of Cogewea”. Keshen, Jeff, and Sylvie Perrier. Building New Bridges - Bâtir de nouveaux ponts: Sources, Methods and Interdisciplinarity - Sources, méthodes et interdisciplinarité. Ottawa: Les Presses de l’Université d’Ottawa | University of Ottawa Press, 2005. (pp. 63-72) Web. http://books.openedition.org/uop/1064.
• The Hill County Sunday Journal. “Kinnikinnick; What Was It? It Answered For Tobacco But Some Claim It Wasn’t. “ 9/25/1928. https://www.newspapers.com/image/958129012
• S. President. “Executive orders relating to Indian reservations : from May 14, 1855 to July 1, 1912.” Washington. 2012. https://archive.org/details/cu31924097621753/page/n206/mode/1up

See omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.

Mourning Dove was an activist, ethnographer and novelist, and one of the first, if not the first, Indigenous women in the U.S. to publish a novel. Part one covers the Confederated Tribes of the Colville Reservation and her early career.

Research:

• American Folklore Society. “Mourning Dove (Hum-ishu-ma / Christine Quintasket).” https://notablefolkloristsofcolor.org/portfolio/mourning-dove-hum-ishu-ma-christine-quintasket/
• Arnold, Laurie. “More than Mourning Dove: Christine Quintasket—Activist, Leader, Public Intellectual.” Montana The Magazine of Western History, Spring 2017, Vol. 67, No. 1. Via JSTOR. https://www.jstor.org/stable/26322854
• Brown, Alanna Kathleen. “Mourning Dove's Voice in ‘Cogewea.’” Wicazo Sa Review , Autumn, 1988, Vol. 4, No. 2 (Autumn, 1988). https://www.jstor.org/stable/1409273
• Brown, Alanna Kathleen. “The Evolution of Mourning Dove’s Coyote Stories.” Studies in American Indian Literatures , Summer/Fall 1992, Series 2, Vol. 4. Via JSTOR. http://www.jstor.com/stable/20736610
• Brown, Alanna Kathleen. “The Evolution of Mourning Dove’s Coyote Stories.” Studies in American Indian Literatures , Summer/Fall 1992, Series 2, Vol. 4. Via JSTOR. http://www.jstor.com/stable/20736610
• Brown, Anna Kathleen. “Reviewed Work(s): Coyote Stories by Mourning Dove and Jay Miller; Mourning Dove: A Salishan Autobiography by Jay Miller.” Studies in American Indian Literatures, Series 2, Vol. 3, No. 2. Via JSTOR. https://www.jstor.org/stable/20736517 
• Center for the Study of the Pacific Northwest. “Texts by and about Natives: Commentary. 9. Christine Quintasket (Mourning Dove or Humishuma).” University of Washington. https://www.washington.edu/uwired/outreach/cspn/Website/Classroom%20Materials/Reading%20the%20Region/Texts%20by%20and%20about%20Natives/Commentary/9.html
• Johnson-Roehr, S.N. “Christine Quintasket.” JSTOR Daily. 10/10/2022. https://daily.jstor.org/christine-quintasket/
• Karell, Linda K. “’This Story I Am Telling You Is True’: Collaboration and Literary Authority in Mourning Dove's ‘Cogewea.’” American Indian Quarterly , Autumn, 1995, Vol. 19, No. 4. https://www.jstor.org/stable/1185559
• Kennedy, Kara and Sarah Werner. “Cogewea’s Blog: An Analysis of One of North America’s First Novels Written by a Female Indigenous Author.” 7/31/2010. https://cogewea.wordpress.com/
• Lamont, Victoria. “Native American Oral Practice and the Popular Novel; Or, Why Mourning Dove Wrote a Western.” Source: Western American Literature , Winter 2005, Vol. 39, No. 4. Via JSTOR. https://www.jstor.org/stable/43022337
• Miller, Jay. “Mourning Dove: Editing in All Directions to "Get Real".” Studies in American Indian Literatures , Summer 1995, Series 2, Vol. 7, No. 2. Via JSTOR. https://www.jstor.org/stable/20736849
• Montana Outdoor Hall of Fame. “Michael Pablo 1844-1914, Charles A. Allard 1852-1896.” https://mtoutdoorhalloffame.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/11/Charles-Allard.pdf
• Mourning Dove. “Coyote Stories.” Edited and illustrated by Hester Dean Guie, with notes by L.V. McWhorter (Old Wolf) and a foreword by Chief Standing Bear.” University of Nebraska Press. 1934 (Reprinted 1990).
• Mourning Dove. “Mourning Dove: A Salishan Autobiography.” Edited by Jay Miller. University of Nebraska Press. 1990.
• Nisbet, Jack and Claire. “Mourning Dove (Christine Quintasket) (ca. 1884-1936).” HistoryLink.org. 8/7/2010. https://www.historylink.org/File/9512
• Spokane Spokesman-Review. “Colville Indian Girl Blazes Trail to New Conception of Redmen in Her Novel, ‘Cogewea,’ Soon to be Published.” 4/9/1916. https://www.newspapers.com/image/566560963/
• Strong, Robert. “5 – The Uncooperative Primary Source: Literary Recovery versus Historical Fact in the Strange Production of Cogewea”. Keshen, Jeff, and Sylvie Perrier. Building New Bridges - Bâtir de nouveaux ponts: Sources, Methods and Interdisciplinarity - Sources, méthodes et interdisciplinarité. Ottawa: Les Presses de l’Université d’Ottawa | University of Ottawa Press, 2005. (pp. 63-72) Web. http://books.openedition.org/uop/1064.
• The Hill County Sunday Journal. “Kinnikinnick; What Was It? It Answered For Tobacco But Some Claim It Wasn’t. “ 9/25/1928. https://www.newspapers.com/image/958129012
• S. President. “Executive orders relating to Indian reservations : from May 14, 1855 to July 1, 1912.” Washington. 2012. https://archive.org/details/cu31924097621753/page/n206/mode/1up

See omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.

This 2015 episode examines that humans have always longed to explore underwater, but need to breathe air. From as far back as the 4th century B.C.E., clever inventors have been designing technology to give us face time with the creatures of the sea.

See omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.

Tracy shares her cat’s input on the Empress of Ireland outline. She and Holly also discuss the relatability of Mary Somerville’s writing.

See omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.

Mary Somerville was dubbed the Queen of Science, a title earned through a lifetime of learning all she could about various math and science subjects and then parsing those concepts out in her writing for more general audiences.

Research:

• Collins, Helen. “Mary Somerville: Her Legacy for Women in Science.” Oxford Scientist. Feb. 11, 2022. https://oxsci.org/mary-somerville-her-legacy-for-women-in-science/
• Gregersen, Erik. "Mary Somerville". Encyclopedia Britannica, 22 Dec. 2022, https://www.britannica.com/biography/Mary-Somerville
• Neeley, Kathryn A. “Mary Somerville: Science, Illumination, and the Female Mind.” Cambridge University Press. 2001.
• Somerville, Mary. “On the magnetizing power of the more refrangible solar rays.” Proceedings of the Royal Society of London. December 31, 1833. Volume 2. Accessed online: https://royalsocietypublishing.org/doi/abs/10.1098/rspl.1815.0282
• Somerville, Mary. “Personal Recollections, from Early Life to Old Age, of Mary Somerville.” John Murray, London. 1872. Accessed online: https://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/27747/pg27747-images.html
• Somerville, Mary. “On Molecular and Microscopic Science.” John Murray. London. 1869. Accessed online: https://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/55886/pg55886-images.html
• Uri, John. “175 Years Ago: Astronomers Discover Neptune, the Eighth Planet.” NASA. Sept. 21, 2021. https://www.nasa.gov/history/175-years-ago-astronomers-discover-neptune-the-eighth-planet/#:~:text=On%20the%20night%20of%20Sept,orbit%20of%20the%20planet%20Uranus.
• Wills, Matthew. “Mary Somerville, Queen of 19th Century Science.” JSTOR Daily. March 2, 2016. https://daily.jstor.org/mary-somerville-queen-of-19th-century-science/
• Lewis, Jone Johnson. "Biography of Mary Somerville, Mathematician, Scientist, and Writer." ThoughtCo, Apr. 5, 2023, thoughtco.com/mary-somerville-biography-3530354.

See omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.

The shipwreck of the Empress of Ireland happened just before the start of World War I and was the worst maritime disaster in Canadian history to happen during peacetime.

Research:

• Blatchford, Andy. “Empress of Ireland, ‘Canada’s Titanic,’ finally getting its due after 100 years.” Globe and Mail. 5/23/2014. https://www.theglobeandmail.com/news/national/empress-of-ireland-canadas-titanic-finally-getting-its-due-after-100-years/article18819164/
• Boyd, Ellsworth. “Empress of Ireland was ‘Canada’s Titanic.’” NUMA. 10/9/2017. https://numa.net/2017/10/empress-of-ireland-was-canadas-titanic/
• Butler, Don. “Museum of Civilization finally acquires Empress of Ireland collection.” Ottawa Citizen. 10/27/2012. https://ottawacitizen.com/news/ottawa%20&%20area/museum-of-civilization-finally-acquires-empress-of-ireland-collection
• Canadian Pacific Railway Company. “Atlantic Royal Mail Service – ‘The Empresses’.” 1906. https://archive.org/details/cihm_71926/
• “Empress of Ireland.” From “Lost Liners” by Robert D. Ballard and Rick Archbold, Madison Press Books. Via PBS. https://www.pbs.org/lostliners/empress.html
• Empress of Ireland Commemoration. “The Forgotten Tragedy.” Pointe-au-Pere Site Historique Maritime. http://www.empress2014.ca/seclangen/home.html
• Fry, Krsiten. “Saving the Empress's treasures.” Beaver. Apr/May2008, Vol. 88 Issue 2, p10-11.
• Hertz, Kayla. “On this day: The Empress of Ireland, 'Canada's Titanic,' sinks in 1914.” Irish Central. 5/29/2022. https://www.irishcentral.com/roots/history/empress-of-ireland-sinking
• Marshall, Logan. “The tragic story of the Empress of Ireland; an authentic account of the most horrible disaster in Canadian history, constructed from the real facts obtained from those on board who survived and other great sea disasters, containing the statements of Captain Henry George Kendall, commanding the Empress of Ireland and Captain Thomas Andersen, commanding the Storstad.” Philadelphia Printed by John C. Winston. 1914. https://archive.org/details/tragicstoryofemp00marsuoft
• Mersey, John C. Bigham (John Charles Bigham). “Report of Commission of Inquiry into the casualty to the British steamship 'Empress of Ireland,' which sunk after collision with the Norwegian steamer 'Storstad' in the River St. Lawrence, on 29th May 1914.” 1914. https://archive.org/details/op1256477-1001/mode/2up
• National Museums of Liverpool. “Empress of Ireland Disaster.” https://www.liverpoolmuseums.org.uk/maritime-museum/empress-of-ireland-disaster
• “Report and Evidence of the Commission of Inquiry into the Loss of the British Steamship ‘Empress of Irelnad.’” From “Sessional papers of the Dominion of Canada 1915.” Canadian Parliament. 1914. https://archive.org/details/n16sessionalpaper50canauoft/

See omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.

This 2017 episode examines the practice of British and French monarchs laying on hands to cure sick people from the medieval period to the 18th century. One disease was so often "cured" it came to be known as the King's Evil.

See omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.

Holly discusses the strange reassurance she finds in examining historical crime stories. Tracy talks about the way Lenormand cartomancy decks differ from tarot.

See omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.

Lenormand was a fortune-teller in France in the 19th century. She was hugely influential, because despite her work being illegal, very important and powerful people consulted her for cartomancy readings.

Research: 

• "Marie Anne Lenormand." Encyclopedia of World Biography Online, vol. 38, Gale, 2018. Gale In Context: U.S. History, link.gale.com/apps/doc/K1631010818/GPS?u=mlin_n_melpub&sid=bookmark-GPS&xid=13b27256. Accessed 5 Oct. 2023.
• “Madmoiselle Lenormand.” Chambers's Journal of Popular Literature, Science and Arts, Volume 3. W.R. Chambers. 1845. https://books.google.com/books?id=TodTAAAAYAAJ
• Delistraty, Cody. “The Surprising Historical Significance of Fortune-Telling.” JSTOR Daily. 10/26/2016. https://daily.jstor.org/surprising-historical-significance-fortune-telling/
• Goodrich, Frank Boott. “The court of Napoleon.” New York, Derby & Jackson. 1857. https://archive.org/details/courtofnapoleon00good
• Greer, Mary K. “Mlle. Lenormand, the most famous card reader of all time.” Mary K. Greer's Tarot Blog. https://marykgreer.com/2008/02/12/madame-le-normand-the-most-famous-card-reader-of-all-time/
• Gronow, Rees Howell. “Celebrities of London and Paris: Being a Third Series of Reminiscences and Anecdotes of the Camp the Court and the Clubs : Containing a Correct Account of the Coup D'état.” Smith, Elder & Company, 1865
• Harvey, David Allen. “Beyond Enlightenment: Occultism, Politics, and Culture in France from the Old Regime to the Fin-de-Siècle.” The Historian , SPRING 2003, Vol. 65, No. 3. Via JSTOR. https://www.jstor.org/stable/24452371
• Howitt, William. “Mademoiselle le Normand, The Parisian Sibyl of the Revolution.” The Spiritual magazine. London, F. Pitman [etc.]. 1860.
• Irving, Washington. “The journals of Washington Irving (hitherto unpublished).” Boston. Bibliophile Society. 1919. https://archive.org/details/journalsofwashin03irvi/
• Jewett, J.P. “Remarkable Women of Different Nations and Ages.” 1858. https://archive.org/details/remarkablewomen00unkngoog/page/n220/
• Le Normand, M. A. “The oracle of human destiny: or, the unerring foreteller of future events, and accurate interpreter of mystical signs and influences; through the medium of common cards.” London. C.S. Arnold. 1825. https://archive.org/details/b29337926/page/n24/mode/1up
• Levi, Eliphas. “Dogma et Rituel de la Haute Magie.” Translated by A. E. Waite. Vol. 2. Originally published by Rider & Company, England, 1896.
• O'Meara, Barry Edward. “Napoleon in Exile, Or, A Voice from St. Helena.” W. Simpkin and R. Marshall, 1822.
• Rogers, Charles. “Memorials of the earl of Stirling and of the house of Alexander.” 1877. https://books.google.com/books?id=zXABAAAAQAAJ
• Shelley, Lady Frances. “The diary of Frances, Lady Shelley.” Vol. 1. 1912. https://archive.org/details/diaryoffrancesla0001shel/
• Sylverne, Stephanie. “Good Fortune: How Empress Bonaparte Popularized the Tarot Card Trend and Made Her Cartomancer a Household Name.” Mental Floss. 11/1/2017. https://www.mentalfloss.com/article/509667/good-fortune-how-empress-bonaparte-popularized-tarot-card-trend-and-made-her-cartomancer-household
• The National Magazine. “Mademoiselle le Normand.” 1853. https://archive.org/details/sim_national-magazine-devoted-to-literature-art-and-religion_1853-05_2_5

See omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.

The story of what happened to Pearl Bryan is horrifying and frightening. The scandalous particulars of the events that led to her murder captivated the attention of the U.S. in the late 1800s, but Pearl gets sort of lost in the shuffle.

Research:

• “An Awful Find.” Cincinnati Enquirer. Feb. 2, 1896. https://www.newspapers.com/image/30900213/?terms=%22body%20found%22&match=1
• Associated Press. “Youth’s Depravity.” The Lexington Herald. Feb. 7, 1896. https://www.newspapers.com/image/680738959/?terms=%22ANOTHER%20CONFESSION%22%20&match=1
• Associated Press. “The Decapitated Woman.” Los Angeles Herald. Feb. 6, 1896. https://www.newspapers.com/image/80565627/?terms=%22pearl%20bryan%22&match=1
• “Both Are Guilty!” Journal and Tribune. Feb. 8, 1896. https://www.newspapers.com/image/584194865/?terms=decapitated&match=1
• “Clues Were Misleading.” Green Bay Press-Gazette. Feb. 7, 1896. https://www.newspapers.com/image/186951911/?terms=%22ANOTHER%20CONFESSION%22%20&match=1
• “Does Crime Cause Physical Degenration?” San Francisco Examiner. May 11, 1896. https://www.newspapers.com/image/457505640/?terms=kiffmeyer&match=1
• “Drugged With Cocaine.” Chattanooga Daily Times. Feb. 13, 1896. https://www.newspapers.com/image/604389689/?terms=%22body%20found%22&match=1
• “Grades of Murder.” Indianapolis Journal. May 10, 1896. https://www.newspapers.com/image/322021567/?terms=%22alonzo%20walling%22%20
• “Jackson’s Trial.” Jackson County Banner. April 30, 1896. https://www.newspapers.com/image/206893196/?terms=pearl%20bryan&match=1
• “Murdered and Beheaded.” Philadelphia Times. Feb. 2, 1896. https://www.newspapers.com/image/52374183/?terms=%22body%20found%22&match=1
• “The Mysterious Murder of Pearl Bryan, or The Headless Horror.” Barclay and Co. https://www.gutenberg.org/files/29569/29569-h/29569-h.htm#history
• “Newport’s Hanging.” Hamilton County Ledger. March 26, 1897. https://www.newspapers.com/image/353595219/?terms=%22alonzo%20walling%22%20&match=1
• “Pearl Bryan’s Story.” Chicago Chrinicle. May 10, 1896. https://www.newspapers.com/image/668071687/?terms=pearl%20bryan
• “Pearl Bryan: Her Murderers Still Accusing Other of the Deed.” Topeka State Journal. Feb. 8, 1896. https://www.newspapers.com/image/323039676/?terms=%22JACKSON%27S%20COAT%20FOUND%20IN%20A%20SEWER%22&match=1
• Rolandelli, Frank, Jr. “Mystery in Pearl Bryan Murder Still Unsolved.” Indianapolis Sunday Star. March 7, 1937. https://www.newspapers.com/image/105412793/?fcfToken=eyJhbGciOiJIUzI1NiIsInR5cCI6IkpXVCJ9.eyJmcmVlLXZpZXctaWQiOjEwNTQxMjc5MywiaWF0IjoxNjk4MTAzODA0LCJleHAiOjE2OTgxOTAyMDR9.2bQOm9f88dN8unJ91gfkigYR6z0Z5yAmvxOQirxa2xw
• “Scott Jackson the Murderer.” New York Times. May 15, 1896. https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1896/05/15/105749337.pdf?pdf_redirect=true&ip=0
• “Searching the Sewers.” The Tennessean. Feb. 13, 1896. https://www.newspapers.com/image/603549764/?terms=decapitation&match=1
• “She Has a New Story.” Indianapolis Journal. Feb. 11, 1896. https://www.newspapers.com/image/321981642/?terms=pearl%20bryan&match=1
• “Under Arrest.” Chillicothe Gazette. Feb. 7, 1896. https://www.newspapers.com/image/291122814/?terms=%22alonzo%20walling%22%20&match=1
• “Walling Testifies.” Jackson County Banner. June 11, 1896. https://www.newspapers.com/image/206898137/?terms=%22alonzo%20walling%22%20&match=1
• Young, Andrew. “Our Rich History: Shoe dealer solves ghastly murder of Pearl Bryan, found missing her head, in 1893.” Northern Kentucky Tribune. Aug. 17, 2020. https://nkytribune.com/2020/08/our-rich-history-shoe-dealer-solves-ghastly-murder-of-pearl-bryan-found-missing-her-head-in-1893/

See omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.

This 2019 episode notes that the Catacombs contain the bones of an estimated 6 to 7 million people, and explains that their history is really two interconnected stories of mines and human remains.

See omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.

Holly and Tracy talk about pumpkin carving traditions and techniques. They also discuss Pearl Curran's life and the writing output of Patience.

See omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.

Patience Worth was a popular writer in the early 20th century. But she was a 17th-century ghost, using Pearl Curran as her conduit from spirit realm to printed page.

Research:

• Braude, Stephen E. “Dissociation and Latent Abilities.” Journal of Trauma & Dissociation. June 2000. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/233449262_Dissociation_and_Latent_Abilities
• Cory, Charles. “Patience Worth.” Psychological Review. 1919. pp. 397-407. https://archive.org/details/psychologicalre01pratgoog/page/396/mode/2up
• Denny, Diana. “Written by Pearl Curran … Or Ouija Board?” Saturday Evening Post. Sept. 16, 2010. https://www.saturdayeveningpost.com/2010/09/written-pearl-curranor-ouija-board/
• Diliberto, Gioia. “Patience Worth: Author From the Great Beyond.” Smithsonian. Sept. 2010. https://www.smithsonianmag.com/arts-culture/patience-worth-author-from-the-great-beyond-54333749/
• Millard, Bailey. “Will she meet her astral guide?” Los Angeles Times. Jan. 16, 1938. https://www.newspapers.com/image/380740453/?terms=pearl%20curran&match=1
• “Mrs. Pearl Curran, Known as ‘Patience Worth,” Dies.” St. Louis Post-Dispatch. Dec. 4, 1937. https://www.newspapers.com/image/139329811/
• Prince, Walter Franklin. “The Case of Patience Worth.” Boston Society for Psychic Research. https://books.google.com/books?id=KUvOAAAAMAAJ&dq=I+am+molten+silver,+running.+Let+man+catch+me+within+his+cup.+Let+him+proceed+upon+his+labor,+Smithing+upon+me.+Let+him+with+cunning+smite+my+substance.+Let+him+at+his+dream,+Lending+my+stuff+unto+its+creation.+It+shall+be+no+less+me.&source=gbs_navlinks_s
• Ross, Isabel M. “Enduring Mystery of the Ouija Board reincarnation.” New York Tribune. November 23, 1919. https://chroniclingamerica.loc.gov/data/batches/dlc_davis_ver01/data/sn83030214/00206532452/1919112301/0761.pdf
• Simon, Ed. “Ghostwriter and Ghost.” The Public Domain Review. Sept. 17, 2014. https://publicdomainreview.org/essay/ghostwriter-and-ghost-the-strange-case-of-pearl-curran-patience-worth/
• “The Women Helping to Boost.” Cherryvale Journal. January 28, 1910. https://www.newspapers.com/image/418556008/?terms=%22pearl%20curran%22&match=1
• “State Aid By Women.” The St. Louis Star and Times. January 27, 1910. Https://www.newspapers.com/image/204738278/?terms=%22pearl%20curran%22&match=1
• Yost, Casper S. “PATIENCE WORTH: A PSYCHIC MYSTERY.” New York. Henry Holt and Co. 1916. https://www.gutenberg.org/files/50810/50810-h/50810-h.htm
• Worth, Patience. “The Sorry Tale; a Story of the Time of Christ.” Henry Holt and Company. June 1917. https://archive.org/stream/sorrytaleastory01currgoog/sorrytaleastory01currgoog_djvu.txt
• Simon, Ed. “Darkness Made Visible: Eamonn Peters on Imagined Literature.” The Anthology of Babel, edited by Ed Simon, Punctum Books, 2020, pp. 365–88. JSTOR, https://doi.org/10.2307/jj.2353922.22

See omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.

Jack-o’-lanterns have become one of the most iconic symbols of Halloween. Their origin story isn’t exactly well documented, so tracing their roots involves some folklore, some agriculture, and literary influence. 

Research:

• Bachelor, Blane. “ The twisted transatlantic tale of American jack-o’-lanterns.” National Geographic. Oct. 27, 2020. https://www.nationalgeographic.com/travel/article/the-twisted-transatlantic-tale-of-american-jack-o-lanterns?rnd=1696858487928&loggedin=true
• Ellis, Hurcules. “The Rhyme Book.” Longman, Brown, Green & Longmans. 1851. https://books.google.com/books?id=1DxcAAAAcAAJ&source=gbs_navlinks_s
• Fox, Frances. "Waialua Children Use Papaias for Pumkins to Scare on Hallowe'en." Honolulu Advertiser. Oct. 31, 1931. https://www.newspapers.com/image/258961518/?terms=jack%20o%27lantern&match=1
• Christofi, N. “BIOASSAYS | Microbial Tests.” Encyclopedia of Analytical Science (Second Edition). Elsevier. 2005. Pages 265-271. https://doi.org/10.1016/B0-12-369397-7/00044-3
• “How did the squash get its name?” Library of Congress. Nov. 19, 2019. https://www.loc.gov/everyday-mysteries/agriculture/item/how-did-squash-get-its-name/
• Lang, Cady. “What Is Samhain? What to Know About the Ancient Pagan Festival That Came Before Halloween.” TIME. Oct. 30, 2018. https://time.com/5434659/halloween-pagan-origins-in-samhain/
• National Park Service. “The Three Sisters.” https://www.nps.gov/tont/learn/nature/the-three-sisters.htm
• “London, Oct. 2.” The Bath Journal. October 4, 1779. https://www.newspapers.com/image/975623103/?terms=jack-o-lantern&match=1
• “Paris, November 30.” The Freeman’s Journal or The North American Intelligencer. Feb. 15, 1792. https://www.newspapers.com/image/39395048/?terms=jack-o-lantern&match=1
• “For This Gazette.” The Portland Gazette. Sept. 17, 1798. https://www.newspapers.com/image/904401967/?terms=jack-o-lantern
• Gish, Hannah. “Stingy Jack: The Origin of the Jack-O-Lantern.” Carnegie Center for Art & History. https://carnegiecenter.org/stingy-jack-the-origin-of-the-jack-o-lantern/
• Grannan, Cydney. "Why Do We Carve Pumpkins at Halloween?". Encyclopedia Britannica, 25 Oct. 2017, https://www.britannica.com/story/why-do-we-carve-pumpkins-at-halloween
• Oliveira, Rosane. “10 Things You Probably Didn’t Know About Pumpkins.” University of California. Oct. 25, 2018. https://www.universityofcalifornia.edu/news/10-things-you-probably-didnt-know-about-pumpkins#:~:text=Scientists%20believe%20that%20pumpkins%20originated,food%20staple%20among%20Native%20Americans.
• “Will-o’-the Wisp: Monstrous Flame or Scientific Phenomenon.” Monstrum. PBS. October 5, 2021. https://www.pbs.org/video/will-o-the-wisp-monstrous-flame-or-scientific-phenomenon-dsugln/
• Britannica, The Editors of Encyclopaedia. "Samhain". Encyclopedia Britannica, 18 Sep. 2023, https://www.britannica.com/topic/Samhain
• Irving, Washington. “The Legend of Sleepy Hollow.” https://www.gutenberg.org/files/41/41-h/41-h.htm
• Allen, Ida Bailey. “Try Jack-o’-Lantern Halloween Supper.” Quad-City Times. Oct. 31, 1952. https://www.newspapers.com/image/301873757/?terms=jack%20o%27lantern&match=1
• Huntley, Andrew. “The Jack-o-Lantern’s Origins.” Carnegie Museum of Natural History. https://carnegiemnh.org/the-jack-o-lanterns-origins/
• Ott, Cindy. “Pumpkin: The Curious History of an American Icon.” University of Washington Press. 2013.
• Traynor, Jessica. “The story of Jack-o’-lantern: ‘If you knew the sufferings of that forsaken craythur.’” Irish Times. Oct. 29, 2019. https://www.irishtimes.com/life-and-style/abroad/the-story-of-jack-o-lantern-if-you-knew-the-sufferings-of-that-forsaken-craythur-1.4065773

See omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.

This 2018 episode covers an uninhabited Italian island that has come to be called all manner of scary things, including, "plague island," "island of ghosts," and "the Venetian island of no return."

See omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.

Tracy and Holly talk about the bummer story that didn't make it into Unearthed!, kids who discover things, and Indiana Jones.

See omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.

Part two of our autumn 2023 edition of Unearthed! includes potpourri, repatriations, shipwrecks, art, and a few perfect October entries.

Research: 

• “Early humans deliberately made mysterious stone 'spheroids'.” PhysOrg. 9/10/2023. https://phys.org/news/2023-09-early-humans-deliberately-mysterious-stone.html
• Alutiiq Museum. “Archaeologists Recover 3,000-year-old Weavings from Ancestral Alutiiq Settlement.” Alaska Native News. 8/26/2023. https://alaska-native-news.com/archaeologists-recover-3000-year-old-weavings-from-ancestral-alutiiq-settlement/69558/
• Australian National Maritime Museum. “Exploring South Australia's oldest shipwreck.” Phys.org. 8/15/2023. https://phys.org/news/2023-08-exploring-south-australia-oldest-shipwreck.html
• Barker, Christopher. “Stolen van Gogh Painting Worth Millions Returned in an Ikea Bag.” Smithsonian. 9/14/2023. https://www.smithsonianmag.com/smart-news/dutch-art-detective-recovers-a-van-gogh-stolen-in-2020-180982896/
• BBC News. “Man finds 8,000-year-old dolphin bones in back garden.” 7/31/2023. https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-scotland-tayside-central-66361506
• BBC News. “Tiny Roman dog remains found during Oxford archaeological dig.” 7/25/2023. https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-england-oxfordshire-66294261
• Beazley, Jordan. “ANU museum to hand back stolen 2,500-year-old vase to Italy.” The Guardian. 9/13/2023. https://www.theguardian.com/artanddesign/2023/sep/14/anu-to-return-2500-year-old-vase-to-italy-after-link-to-art-trade-exposed
• Bebber, Michelle R. et al. “Atlatl use equalizes female and male projectile weapon velocity.” Scientific Reports. 8/16/2023. https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-023-40451-8
• Beimfohr, Chelsea. “109-year-old survivor of Tulsa Race Massacre pens new book, speaks at King Center.” Atlanta News First. 9/26/2023. https://www.atlantanewsfirst.com/2023/09/27/109-year-old-survivor-tulsa-race-massacre-pens-new-book-speaks-king-center/
• Ben Crump. “Ben Crump and Family of Henrietta Lacks Announce Settlement.” https://bencrump.com/press/family-of-henrietta-lacks-announce-settlement/
• Binswanger, Julia. “Forgotten Winnie-the-Pooh Sketch Found Wrapped in an Old Tea Towel.” Smithsonian. 8/28/2023. https://www.smithsonianmag.com/smart-news/winnie-the-pooh-sketch-wrapped-tea-towel-180982800/
• Briseida MEMA. “Archaeologists uncover Europe's oldest stilt village.” Phys.org. 8/11/2023. https://phys.org/news/2023-08-archaeologists-uncover-europe-oldest-stilt.html
• British Library Medieval Manuscripts Blog. “Showing Elizabeth I in a new light.” 7/15/2023. https://blogs.bl.uk/digitisedmanuscripts/2023/07/showing-elizabeth-i-in-a-new-light.html
• British Library Press Office. “British Library researcher throws new light on Elizabeth I.” July 2023. https://www.bl.uk/press-releases/2023/july/British-Library-researcher-throws-new-light-on-Elizabeth-I?utm_source=twitter&utm_medium=social&utm_campaign=press&utm_content=camdens_annals#:~:text=Helena%20Rutkowska%2C%20DPhil%20student%20at,to%20explore%20hundreds%20of%20previously
• Cell Press. “Ancient metal cauldrons give us clues about what people ate in the Bronze Age.” 8/18/2023. https://phys.org/news/2023-08-ancient-metal-cauldrons-clues-people.html
• Chappell, Bill. “Iconic female artist's lost painting is found, hundreds of years after it was created.” NPR. 9/25/2023. https://www.npr.org/2023/09/25/1201501653/artemisia-gentileschi-susanna-and-the-elders
• Cin, Muharrem. “Makeup materials from Roman era unearthed in ancient city of Aizanoi in Türkiye.” Andalou Agency. 9/24/2023. https://www.aa.com.tr/en/culture/makeup-materials-from-roman-era-unearthed-in-ancient-city-of-aizanoi-in-turkiye/2999909
• Delgado, Maria Jesus. “Oldest hunter-gatherer basketry in southern Europe, 9,500 years old, discovered in Cueva de los Murciélagos, Albuñol (Granada, Spain).” EurekAlert. 9/28/2023. https://www.eurekalert.org/news-releases/1003066
• Dowell, Stuart. “Ghoulish remains of ‘vampire child’ found in ‘grave of the damned’.” The First News. 8/7/2023. https://www.thefirstnews.com/article/ghoulish-remains-of-vampire-child-found-in-grave-of-the-damned-40397
• Efford M, Taft S, Morin J, George M, George M, Cavers H, et al. (2023) Archaeology demonstrates sustainable ancestral Coast Salish salmon stewardship over thousands of years. PLoS ONE 18(8): e0289797. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0289797
• Flavell, Julie. “The Dog Who Served on Both Sides of the American Revolution.” Smithsonian Magazine. 8/25/2023. https://www.smithsonianmag.com/history/the-dog-who-served-on-both-sides-of-the-american-revolution-180982781/
• Gillett, Francesca. “Ancient 2,000-year-old Roman shipwreck found off coast of Italy.” BBC News. 7/28/2023. https://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-66337902
• Gorski, “119-year overdue book returned by WVU Library.” 12WBOY. 7/27/2023. https://www.wboy.com/news/monongalia/west-virginia-university/library-book-returned-and-it-was-only-119-years-overdue/
• Handwerk, Brian. “Famed 5,300-Year-Old Alps Iceman Was a Balding Middle-Aged Man With Dark Skin and Eyes.” Smithsonian. 8/16/2023. https://www.smithsonianmag.com/science-nature/famed-5300-year-old-alps-iceman-was-a-balding-middle-aged-man-with-dark-skin-and-eyes-180982744/
• Hanson’s. “Panko game made to aid suffragettes a century ago found during house clearance.” 7/18/2023. https://hansonsauctioneers.co.uk/panko-game-made-to-aid-suffragettes-a-century-ago-found-during-house-clearance/
• Jarus, Owen. “2,200-year-old remains of sacrificed giant panda and tapir discovered near Chinese emperor's tomb.” LiveScience. 8/18/2023. https://www.livescience.com/archaeology/2200-year-old-remains-of-sacrificed-giant-panda-and-tapir-discovered-near-chinese-emperors-tomb
• Kent State University. “Atlatl weapon use by prehistoric females equalized the division of labor while hunting, experimental study shows.” 8/18/2023. https://phys.org/news/2023-08-atlatl-weapon-prehistoric-females-equalized.html
• Kindy, Dave. “Piece of wood found at garage sale was part of the sunken USS Maine.” Washington Post. 9/17/2023. https://www.washingtonpost.com/history/2023/09/17/uss-maine-mast-arlington-cemetery/
• Kuta, Sarah. “‘Perfectly Preserved’ Glassware Recovered From 2,000-Year-Old Shipwreck.” Smithsonian. 7/27/2023. https://www.smithsonianmag.com/smart-news/glassware-2000-year-old-roman-shipwreck-180982615/
• Kuta, Sarah. “See Underwater Wreckage From the Battle of Midway in Stunning Detail.” Smithsonian. 9/22/2023. https://www.smithsonianmag.com/smart-news/battle-of-midway-shipwreck-photos-180982938/
• Lawson-Tancred, Jo. “A Virginia Museum Repatriated a Nigerian Sculpture and Received a High-Tech Replica in Return. Could the Exchange Shape Future Restitutions?” ArtNet. 7/7/2023. https://news.artnet.com/art-world/chrysler-museum-factum-foundation-high-tech-facsimile-restitution-2332938
• Lawson-Tancred, Jo. “A Woman Bought a $4 Painting at a Thrift Store for Its Frame. Now, It’s Been Revealed as an N.C. Wyeth, Worth as Much as $250,000.” ArtNet. 9/6/2023. https://news.artnet.com/market/thrift-store-buy-nc-wyeth-2355493
• Lawson-Tancred, Jo. “Two 10th-Century Stone Idols, Which Were Stolen From a Temple in India and Found in a Garden Shed in the U.K., Will Be Repatriated.” ArtNet. https://news.artnet.com/art-world/10th-century-idols-found-in-garden-shed-returned-to-india-2335670
• Massachusetts Institute of Technology. “Ancient Amazonians intentionally created fertile 'dark earth.’” Science Daily. 9/20/2023. https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2023/09/230920152306.htm
• Max Planck Institute of Geoanthropology. “The scent of the afterlife unbottled in new study of ancient Egyptian mummification balms.” Science Daily. 8/31/2023. https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2023/08/230831121651.htm
• Mayorquin, Orlando. “Overdue Book Is Returned to a Library After Nearly 120 Years.” New York Times. 7/9/2023. https://www.nytimes.com/2023/07/09/us/massachusetts-overdue-book-119-years.html
• net. “Strange burial of 9th-century teenager reveals tragic story.” https://www.medievalists.net/2023/08/strange-burial-of-9th-century-teenager-reveals-tragic-story/
• Miller, Ken. “Researchers exhume seven sets of remains in search for Tulsa Race Massacre victims.” The Oklahoman. 10/2/2023. https://www.oklahoman.com/story/news/2023/10/02/tulsa-race-massacre-oklahoma-seven-graves-exhumed/71036617007/
• MOLA Headland. “An Unusual Burial and a Tragic Story from Early Medieval Cambridgeshire.” 8/14/2023. https://molaheadland.com/an-unusual-burial-and-a-tragic-story-from-early-medieval-cambridgeshire/
• Nowakowski, Teresa. “Historians Discover ‘Remarkably Intact’ Shipwreck, Undisturbed Beneath Lake Michigan for 142 Years.” Smithsonian. 9/6/2023. https://www.smithsonianmag.com/smart-news/archaeologists-discover-an-almost-entirely-intact-142-year-old-shipwreck-in-lake-michigan-180982848/
• Nowakowski, Teresa. “The Netherlands Repatriates Nearly 500 Looted Artifacts to Sri Lanka and Indonesia.” Smithsonian. 7/11/2023. https://www.smithsonianmag.com/smart-news/netherlands-repatriation-sri-lanka-indonesia-180982514/
• Osborne, Margaret. “Archaeologists Uncover Oldest Evidence of ‘Curry’ Outside of India.” Smithsonian. 7/24/2023. https://www.smithsonianmag.com/smart-news/archaeologists-uncover-oldest-evidence-of-curry-outside-of-india-180982589/
• Parker, Christopher. “4,000-Year-Old Cemetery Discovered Beneath Future Rocket Launch Pad in U.K.” Smithsonian. 8/1/2023. https://www.smithsonianmag.com/smart-news/bronze-age-cemetery-rocket-launch-uk-180982633/
• Parker, Christopher. “Divers Pull Wreckage of Tuskegee Airman’s Plane From the Depths of Lake Huron.” Smithsonian. 9/5/2023. https://www.smithsonianmag.com/smart-news/divers-haul-engine-of-tuskegee-airmans-plane-from-lake-huron-180982845/
• Parker, Christopher. “Manchester Museum Returns 174 Artifacts to Indigenous Australians.” Smithsonian. 9/7/2023. https://www.smithsonianmag.com/smart-news/manchester-museum-returns-174-artifacts-to-indigenous-austrailians-180982853/
• Pendergraff, Gavin. “State archaeologist provides another update on excavation work in Tulsa.” KTUL. 9/14/2023. https://ktul.com/news/local/state-archaeologist-provides-another-update-on-excavation-work-in-tulsa
• Pittalà, Maria Gaetana Giovanna et al. “Count Dracula Resurrected: Proteomic Analysis of Vlad III the Impaler’s Documents by EVA Technology and Mass Spectrometry.” Anal. Chem. 2023, 95, 34, 12732–12744. Publication Date: August 8, 2023. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.analchem.3c01461
• Potter, Lisa. “Daughters breastfed longer, and women accumulated greater wealth in ancient California matriarchal society.” EurekAlert. 7/12/2023. https://www.eurekalert.org/news-releases/995404
• Public Library of Science. “Stone Age artists carved detailed human and animal tracks in rock art in Namibia.” 9/13/2023. PhysOrg. https://phys.org/news/2023-09-stone-age-artists-human-animal.html
• Ritter, Moira. “Detailed mosaic floor — with Medusa’s face — unearthed in ancient Roman villa.” Miami Herald. 7/27/2023. https://www.miamiherald.com/news/nation-world/world/article277706663.html#storylink=cpy
• Royal Collection Trust. “Lost Artemisia Gentileschi Painting Rediscovered in the Royal Collection.” 9/24/2023. https://www.rct.uk/about/press-office/press-releases/lost-artemisia-gentileschi-painting-rediscovered-in-the-royal#/
• Schrader, Adam. “British Museum Director Hartwig Fischer Will Step Down, Leaving the Unresolved Parthenon Marbles Debate to His Successor.” ArtNews. 7/28/2023. https://news.artnet.com/art-world/british-museum-director-hartwig-fischer-step-down-next-year-2342951
• Schuster, Ruth. “Synagogue From Late Second Temple Period Found by Black Sea in Russia.” Haaretz. 8/16/2023. https://www.haaretz.com/archaeology/2023-08-16/ty-article-magazine/synagogue-from-late-second-temple-period-found-by-black-sea-in-russia/00000189-fae4-d0b9-a5a9-ffef91b90000
• Shaw, Garry. “‘Thunder floor’ found at ancient Andean site in Peru.” The Art Newspaper. 7/18/2023. https://www.theartnewspaper.com/2023/07/18/ancient-dance-floor-sounding-platform-andes-peru-archaeological-discovery
• Solly, Meilan. “Hidden for 400 Years, Censored Pages Reveal New Insights Into Elizabeth I’s Reign.” Smithsonian. 7/18/2023. https://www.smithsonianmag.com/smart-news/hidden-for-400-years-censored-pages-reveal-new-insights-on-elizabeth-is-reign-180982554/
• Sullivan, Will. “Archaeologists Uncover Notched Logs That May Be the Oldest Known Wooden Structure.” Smithsonian. 9/22/2023. https://www.smithsonianmag.com/smart-news/archaeologists-uncover-notched-logs-that-may-be-the-oldest-known-wooden-structure-180982942/
• Sullivan, Will. “Henrietta Lacks’ Family Settles Lawsuit Over the Use of Her Cells Without Consent.” Smithsonian. 8/2/2023. https://www.smithsonianmag.com/smart-news/henrietta-lacks-family-settles-lawsuit-over-the-use-of-her-cells-without-consent-180982644/
• The History Blog. “14th c. shipwreck cannon may be oldest in Europe.” 9/13/2023. http://www.thehistoryblog.com/archives/68252
• The History Blog. “2,000-year-old synagogue found in southern Russia.” 8/16/2023. http://www.thehistoryblog.com/archives/68050
• The History Blog. “8-year-old finds 1,800-year-old silver denarius in school sandbox.” http://www.thehistoryblog.com/archives/68120
• The History Blog. “Giant panda found in Western Han imperial tomb.” 8/6/2023. http://www.thehistoryblog.com/archives/67972
• University of Geneva. “New discoveries on the wreck of Antikythera.” 7/24/2023. https://phys.org/news/2023-07-discoveries-antikythera.html
• University of Gothenburg. “Shipboard cannon found off the Swedish coast may be the oldest in Europe.” EurekAlert. 9/13/2023. https://www.eurekalert.org/news-releases/1001404
• University of Montreal. “New evidence of plant food processing in Italy during Neanderthal-to-Homo sapiens period.” Phys.org. 6/29/2023. https://phys.org/news/2023-06-evidence-food-italy-neanderthal-to-homo-sapiens.html
• University of Southampton. “Archaeologists reveal largest palaeolithic cave art site in Eastern Iberia.” Science Daily. 9/11/2023. https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2023/09/230911141015.htm
• University of Valencia. “Pigment production adapted to cultural changes and availability of mineral resources 40,000 years ago in Ethiopia.” PhysOrg. 9/11/2023. https://phys.org/news/2023-09-pigment-production-cultural-availability-mineral.html
• Walls, Alex. “Salmon bones confirm sustainable chum fishery for 2,500 years under Tsleil-Waututh Nation.” PhysOrg. 8/30/2023. https://phys.org/news/2023-08-salmon-bones-sustainable-chum-fishery.html
• Watts, Rachel. “Divers find long-lost artifact from sunken Empress of Ireland in St. Lawrence River.” CBC. 9/9/2023. https://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/montreal/divers-find-long-lost-artifact-from-sunken-empress-of-ireland-quebec-compass-platform-1.6959176
• Weiwei Wang et al. ,Earliest curry in Southeast Asia and the global spice trade 2000 years ago.Sci. Adv.9,eadh5517(2023).DOI:10.1126/sciadv.adh5517
• Yirka, Bob. “Arrowhead housed at Bern History Museum found to be made from meteoritic iron.” Phys.org. 7/31/2023. https://phys.org/news/2023-07-arrowhead-housed-bern-history-museum.html
• Yirka, Bob. “Placement of ancient hidden lamps, skulls in cave in Israel suggests Roman-era practice of necromancy.” Phys.org. 7/14/2023. https://phys.org/news/2023-07-placement-ancient-hidden-lamps-skulls.html

See omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.

In part one of our Autumn 2023 edition of Unearthed!, we have some oldest things, books and letters, projects specifically related to gender, edibles and potables, and animals. 

Research: 

• “Early humans deliberately made mysterious stone 'spheroids'.” PhysOrg. 9/10/2023. https://phys.org/news/2023-09-early-humans-deliberately-mysterious-stone.html
• Alutiiq Museum. “Archaeologists Recover 3,000-year-old Weavings from Ancestral Alutiiq Settlement.” Alaska Native News. 8/26/2023. https://alaska-native-news.com/archaeologists-recover-3000-year-old-weavings-from-ancestral-alutiiq-settlement/69558/
• Australian National Maritime Museum. “Exploring South Australia's oldest shipwreck.” Phys.org. 8/15/2023. https://phys.org/news/2023-08-exploring-south-australia-oldest-shipwreck.html
• Barker, Christopher. “Stolen van Gogh Painting Worth Millions Returned in an Ikea Bag.” Smithsonian. 9/14/2023. https://www.smithsonianmag.com/smart-news/dutch-art-detective-recovers-a-van-gogh-stolen-in-2020-180982896/
• BBC News. “Man finds 8,000-year-old dolphin bones in back garden.” 7/31/2023. https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-scotland-tayside-central-66361506
• BBC News. “Tiny Roman dog remains found during Oxford archaeological dig.” 7/25/2023. https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-england-oxfordshire-66294261
• Beazley, Jordan. “ANU museum to hand back stolen 2,500-year-old vase to Italy.” The Guardian. 9/13/2023. https://www.theguardian.com/artanddesign/2023/sep/14/anu-to-return-2500-year-old-vase-to-italy-after-link-to-art-trade-exposed
• Bebber, Michelle R. et al. “Atlatl use equalizes female and male projectile weapon velocity.” Scientific Reports. 8/16/2023. https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-023-40451-8
• Beimfohr, Chelsea. “109-year-old survivor of Tulsa Race Massacre pens new book, speaks at King Center.” Atlanta News First. 9/26/2023. https://www.atlantanewsfirst.com/2023/09/27/109-year-old-survivor-tulsa-race-massacre-pens-new-book-speaks-king-center/
• Ben Crump. “Ben Crump and Family of Henrietta Lacks Announce Settlement.” https://bencrump.com/press/family-of-henrietta-lacks-announce-settlement/
• Binswanger, Julia. “Forgotten Winnie-the-Pooh Sketch Found Wrapped in an Old Tea Towel.” Smithsonian. 8/28/2023. https://www.smithsonianmag.com/smart-news/winnie-the-pooh-sketch-wrapped-tea-towel-180982800/
• Briseida MEMA. “Archaeologists uncover Europe's oldest stilt village.” Phys.org. 8/11/2023. https://phys.org/news/2023-08-archaeologists-uncover-europe-oldest-stilt.html
• British Library Medieval Manuscripts Blog. “Showing Elizabeth I in a new light.” 7/15/2023. https://blogs.bl.uk/digitisedmanuscripts/2023/07/showing-elizabeth-i-in-a-new-light.html
• British Library Press Office. “British Library researcher throws new light on Elizabeth I.” July 2023. https://www.bl.uk/press-releases/2023/july/British-Library-researcher-throws-new-light-on-Elizabeth-I?utm_source=twitter&utm_medium=social&utm_campaign=press&utm_content=camdens_annals#:~:text=Helena%20Rutkowska%2C%20DPhil%20student%20at,to%20explore%20hundreds%20of%20previously
• Cell Press. “Ancient metal cauldrons give us clues about what people ate in the Bronze Age.” 8/18/2023. https://phys.org/news/2023-08-ancient-metal-cauldrons-clues-people.html
• Chappell, Bill. “Iconic female artist's lost painting is found, hundreds of years after it was created.” NPR. 9/25/2023. https://www.npr.org/2023/09/25/1201501653/artemisia-gentileschi-susanna-and-the-elders
• Cin, Muharrem. “Makeup materials from Roman era unearthed in ancient city of Aizanoi in Türkiye.” Andalou Agency. 9/24/2023. https://www.aa.com.tr/en/culture/makeup-materials-from-roman-era-unearthed-in-ancient-city-of-aizanoi-in-turkiye/2999909
• Delgado, Maria Jesus. “Oldest hunter-gatherer basketry in southern Europe, 9,500 years old, discovered in Cueva de los Murciélagos, Albuñol (Granada, Spain).” EurekAlert. 9/28/2023. https://www.eurekalert.org/news-releases/1003066
• Dowell, Stuart. “Ghoulish remains of ‘vampire child’ found in ‘grave of the damned’.” The First News. 8/7/2023. https://www.thefirstnews.com/article/ghoulish-remains-of-vampire-child-found-in-grave-of-the-damned-40397
• Efford M, Taft S, Morin J, George M, George M, Cavers H, et al. (2023) Archaeology demonstrates sustainable ancestral Coast Salish salmon stewardship over thousands of years. PLoS ONE 18(8): e0289797. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0289797
• Flavell, Julie. “The Dog Who Served on Both Sides of the American Revolution.” Smithsonian Magazine. 8/25/2023. https://www.smithsonianmag.com/history/the-dog-who-served-on-both-sides-of-the-american-revolution-180982781/
• Gillett, Francesca. “Ancient 2,000-year-old Roman shipwreck found off coast of Italy.” BBC News. 7/28/2023. https://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-66337902
• Gorski, “119-year overdue book returned by WVU Library.” 12WBOY. 7/27/2023. https://www.wboy.com/news/monongalia/west-virginia-university/library-book-returned-and-it-was-only-119-years-overdue/
• Handwerk, Brian. “Famed 5,300-Year-Old Alps Iceman Was a Balding Middle-Aged Man With Dark Skin and Eyes.” Smithsonian. 8/16/2023. https://www.smithsonianmag.com/science-nature/famed-5300-year-old-alps-iceman-was-a-balding-middle-aged-man-with-dark-skin-and-eyes-180982744/
• Hanson’s. “Panko game made to aid suffragettes a century ago found during house clearance.” 7/18/2023. https://hansonsauctioneers.co.uk/panko-game-made-to-aid-suffragettes-a-century-ago-found-during-house-clearance/
• Jarus, Owen. “2,200-year-old remains of sacrificed giant panda and tapir discovered near Chinese emperor's tomb.” LiveScience. 8/18/2023. https://www.livescience.com/archaeology/2200-year-old-remains-of-sacrificed-giant-panda-and-tapir-discovered-near-chinese-emperors-tomb
• Kent State University. “Atlatl weapon use by prehistoric females equalized the division of labor while hunting, experimental study shows.” 8/18/2023. https://phys.org/news/2023-08-atlatl-weapon-prehistoric-females-equalized.html
• Kindy, Dave. “Piece of wood found at garage sale was part of the sunken USS Maine.” Washington Post. 9/17/2023. https://www.washingtonpost.com/history/2023/09/17/uss-maine-mast-arlington-cemetery/
• Kuta, Sarah. “‘Perfectly Preserved’ Glassware Recovered From 2,000-Year-Old Shipwreck.” Smithsonian. 7/27/2023. https://www.smithsonianmag.com/smart-news/glassware-2000-year-old-roman-shipwreck-180982615/
• Kuta, Sarah. “See Underwater Wreckage From the Battle of Midway in Stunning Detail.” Smithsonian. 9/22/2023. https://www.smithsonianmag.com/smart-news/battle-of-midway-shipwreck-photos-180982938/
• Lawson-Tancred, Jo. “A Virginia Museum Repatriated a Nigerian Sculpture and Received a High-Tech Replica in Return. Could the Exchange Shape Future Restitutions?” ArtNet. 7/7/2023. https://news.artnet.com/art-world/chrysler-museum-factum-foundation-high-tech-facsimile-restitution-2332938
• Lawson-Tancred, Jo. “A Woman Bought a $4 Painting at a Thrift Store for Its Frame. Now, It’s Been Revealed as an N.C. Wyeth, Worth as Much as $250,000.” ArtNet. 9/6/2023. https://news.artnet.com/market/thrift-store-buy-nc-wyeth-2355493
• Lawson-Tancred, Jo. “Two 10th-Century Stone Idols, Which Were Stolen From a Temple in India and Found in a Garden Shed in the U.K., Will Be Repatriated.” ArtNet. https://news.artnet.com/art-world/10th-century-idols-found-in-garden-shed-returned-to-india-2335670
• Massachusetts Institute of Technology. “Ancient Amazonians intentionally created fertile 'dark earth.’” Science Daily. 9/20/2023. https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2023/09/230920152306.htm
• Max Planck Institute of Geoanthropology. “The scent of the afterlife unbottled in new study of ancient Egyptian mummification balms.” Science Daily. 8/31/2023. https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2023/08/230831121651.htm
• Mayorquin, Orlando. “Overdue Book Is Returned to a Library After Nearly 120 Years.” New York Times. 7/9/2023. https://www.nytimes.com/2023/07/09/us/massachusetts-overdue-book-119-years.html
• net. “Strange burial of 9th-century teenager reveals tragic story.” https://www.medievalists.net/2023/08/strange-burial-of-9th-century-teenager-reveals-tragic-story/
• Miller, Ken. “Researchers exhume seven sets of remains in search for Tulsa Race Massacre victims.” The Oklahoman. 10/2/2023. https://www.oklahoman.com/story/news/2023/10/02/tulsa-race-massacre-oklahoma-seven-graves-exhumed/71036617007/
• MOLA Headland. “An Unusual Burial and a Tragic Story from Early Medieval Cambridgeshire.” 8/14/2023. https://molaheadland.com/an-unusual-burial-and-a-tragic-story-from-early-medieval-cambridgeshire/
• Nowakowski, Teresa. “Historians Discover ‘Remarkably Intact’ Shipwreck, Undisturbed Beneath Lake Michigan for 142 Years.” Smithsonian. 9/6/2023. https://www.smithsonianmag.com/smart-news/archaeologists-discover-an-almost-entirely-intact-142-year-old-shipwreck-in-lake-michigan-180982848/
• Nowakowski, Teresa. “The Netherlands Repatriates Nearly 500 Looted Artifacts to Sri Lanka and Indonesia.” Smithsonian. 7/11/2023. https://www.smithsonianmag.com/smart-news/netherlands-repatriation-sri-lanka-indonesia-180982514/
• Osborne, Margaret. “Archaeologists Uncover Oldest Evidence of ‘Curry’ Outside of India.” Smithsonian. 7/24/2023. https://www.smithsonianmag.com/smart-news/archaeologists-uncover-oldest-evidence-of-curry-outside-of-india-180982589/
• Parker, Christopher. “4,000-Year-Old Cemetery Discovered Beneath Future Rocket Launch Pad in U.K.” Smithsonian. 8/1/2023. https://www.smithsonianmag.com/smart-news/bronze-age-cemetery-rocket-launch-uk-180982633/
• Parker, Christopher. “Divers Pull Wreckage of Tuskegee Airman’s Plane From the Depths of Lake Huron.” Smithsonian. 9/5/2023. https://www.smithsonianmag.com/smart-news/divers-haul-engine-of-tuskegee-airmans-plane-from-lake-huron-180982845/
• Parker, Christopher. “Manchester Museum Returns 174 Artifacts to Indigenous Australians.” Smithsonian. 9/7/2023. https://www.smithsonianmag.com/smart-news/manchester-museum-returns-174-artifacts-to-indigenous-austrailians-180982853/
• Pendergraff, Gavin. “State archaeologist provides another update on excavation work in Tulsa.” KTUL. 9/14/2023. https://ktul.com/news/local/state-archaeologist-provides-another-update-on-excavation-work-in-tulsa
• Pittalà, Maria Gaetana Giovanna et al. “Count Dracula Resurrected: Proteomic Analysis of Vlad III the Impaler’s Documents by EVA Technology and Mass Spectrometry.” Anal. Chem. 2023, 95, 34, 12732–12744. Publication Date: August 8, 2023. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.analchem.3c01461
• Potter, Lisa. “Daughters breastfed longer, and women accumulated greater wealth in ancient California matriarchal society.” EurekAlert. 7/12/2023. https://www.eurekalert.org/news-releases/995404
• Public Library of Science. “Stone Age artists carved detailed human and animal tracks in rock art in Namibia.” 9/13/2023. PhysOrg. https://phys.org/news/2023-09-stone-age-artists-human-animal.html
• Ritter, Moira. “Detailed mosaic floor — with Medusa’s face — unearthed in ancient Roman villa.” Miami Herald. 7/27/2023. https://www.miamiherald.com/news/nation-world/world/article277706663.html#storylink=cpy
• Royal Collection Trust. “Lost Artemisia Gentileschi Painting Rediscovered in the Royal Collection.” 9/24/2023. https://www.rct.uk/about/press-office/press-releases/lost-artemisia-gentileschi-painting-rediscovered-in-the-royal#/
• Schrader, Adam. “British Museum Director Hartwig Fischer Will Step Down, Leaving the Unresolved Parthenon Marbles Debate to His Successor.” ArtNews. 7/28/2023. https://news.artnet.com/art-world/british-museum-director-hartwig-fischer-step-down-next-year-2342951
• Schuster, Ruth. “Synagogue From Late Second Temple Period Found by Black Sea in Russia.” Haaretz. 8/16/2023. https://www.haaretz.com/archaeology/2023-08-16/ty-article-magazine/synagogue-from-late-second-temple-period-found-by-black-sea-in-russia/00000189-fae4-d0b9-a5a9-ffef91b90000
• Shaw, Garry. “‘Thunder floor’ found at ancient Andean site in Peru.” The Art Newspaper. 7/18/2023. https://www.theartnewspaper.com/2023/07/18/ancient-dance-floor-sounding-platform-andes-peru-archaeological-discovery
• Solly, Meilan. “Hidden for 400 Years, Censored Pages Reveal New Insights Into Elizabeth I’s Reign.” Smithsonian. 7/18/2023. https://www.smithsonianmag.com/smart-news/hidden-for-400-years-censored-pages-reveal-new-insights-on-elizabeth-is-reign-180982554/
• Sullivan, Will. “Archaeologists Uncover Notched Logs That May Be the Oldest Known Wooden Structure.” Smithsonian. 9/22/2023. https://www.smithsonianmag.com/smart-news/archaeologists-uncover-notched-logs-that-may-be-the-oldest-known-wooden-structure-180982942/
• Sullivan, Will. “Henrietta Lacks’ Family Settles Lawsuit Over the Use of Her Cells Without Consent.” Smithsonian. 8/2/2023. https://www.smithsonianmag.com/smart-news/henrietta-lacks-family-settles-lawsuit-over-the-use-of-her-cells-without-consent-180982644/
• The History Blog. “14th c. shipwreck cannon may be oldest in Europe.” 9/13/2023. http://www.thehistoryblog.com/archives/68252
• The History Blog. “2,000-year-old synagogue found in southern Russia.” 8/16/2023. http://www.thehistoryblog.com/archives/68050
• The History Blog. “8-year-old finds 1,800-year-old silver denarius in school sandbox.” http://www.thehistoryblog.com/archives/68120
• The History Blog. “Giant panda found in Western Han imperial tomb.” 8/6/2023. http://www.thehistoryblog.com/archives/67972
• University of Geneva. “New discoveries on the wreck of Antikythera.” 7/24/2023. https://phys.org/news/2023-07-discoveries-antikythera.html
• University of Gothenburg. “Shipboard cannon found off the Swedish coast may be the oldest in Europe.” EurekAlert. 9/13/2023. https://www.eurekalert.org/news-releases/1001404
• University of Montreal. “New evidence of plant food processing in Italy during Neanderthal-to-Homo sapiens period.” Phys.org. 6/29/2023. https://phys.org/news/2023-06-evidence-food-italy-neanderthal-to-homo-sapiens.html
• University of Southampton. “Archaeologists reveal largest palaeolithic cave art site in Eastern Iberia.” Science Daily. 9/11/2023. https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2023/09/230911141015.htm
• University of Valencia. “Pigment production adapted to cultural changes and availability of mineral resources 40,000 years ago in Ethiopia.” PhysOrg. 9/11/2023. https://phys.org/news/2023-09-pigment-production-cultural-availability-mineral.html
• Walls, Alex. “Salmon bones confirm sustainable chum fishery for 2,500 years under Tsleil-Waututh Nation.” PhysOrg. 8/30/2023. https://phys.org/news/2023-08-salmon-bones-sustainable-chum-fishery.html
• Watts, Rachel. “Divers find long-lost artifact from sunken Empress of Ireland in St. Lawrence River.” CBC. 9/9/2023. https://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/montreal/divers-find-long-lost-artifact-from-sunken-empress-of-ireland-quebec-compass-platform-1.6959176
• Weiwei Wang et al. ,Earliest curry in Southeast Asia and the global spice trade 2000 years ago.Sci. Adv.9,eadh5517(2023).DOI:10.1126/sciadv.adh5517
• Yirka, Bob. “Arrowhead housed at Bern History Museum found to be made from meteoritic iron.” Phys.org. 7/31/2023. https://phys.org/news/2023-07-arrowhead-housed-bern-history-museum.html
• Yirka, Bob. “Placement of ancient hidden lamps, skulls in cave in Israel suggests Roman-era practice of necromancy.” Phys.org. 7/14/2023. https://phys.org/news/2023-07-placement-ancient-hidden-lamps-skulls.html

See omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.

This 2016 episode covers the Crescent Hotel of Eureka Springs, Arkansas. A colorful part of the hotel's history involves a man who claimed that doctors couldn't be trusted, and that he had the cure for cancer.

See omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.

Tracy and Holly talk about the sloppy nature of the William Weare murder. They also discuss ghost stories that may have inspired other media, and Tracy's childhood memories of the Maco light story. 

See omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.

October seemed like a good time for an installment of Six Impossible Episodes all about ghosts and hauntings. A lot of these are very well-known in the places where they originated, but maybe not outside of those places. 

Research:

• Campbelltown Visitor Information Centre. “Frederick Fisher and the Legend of Fisher’s Ghost.” https://indd.adobe.com/view/8e2d788d-56b7-43a7-bf4b-a5c3620ee345
• Dictionary of Sydney staff writer, Fishers Ghost Creek, Dictionary of Sydney, 2008, http://dictionaryofsydney.org/entry/fishers_ghost_creek, viewed 04 Oct 2023
• TBS News. “The ghost of little girls in Japanese schools.” https://www.tbsnews.net/splash/ghost-little-girls-japanese-schools-58747
• Learn Japanese. “Hanako-San is Creepy, What's the Story?” https://www.jappleng.com/education/course/study/4/japanese-culture/lesson/320/japanese-legend-hanako-san-toire
• Kishikawa, Molly. “The Real-Life Legend of Toilet-Bound Hanako (and Other Toilet Ghosts).” CBR. 9/27/2021. https://www.cbr.com/toilet-bound-hanako-japanese-toilet-ghosts/
• Galvan, Jojo. “Resurrection Mary, The Hitchhiking Ghost of Archer Avenue.” Chicago History Museum. http://www.chicagohistory.org/resurrection-mary/
• Windy City Ghosts. “The Legend of Resurrection Mary.” https://windycityghosts.com/the-legend-of-resurrection-mary/
• Cosgrove, John, director. “Unsolved Mysteries.” Season 6, Episode 15. 1994.
• Bielski, Ursula. “Resurrection Mary: the Queen of Chicago's Haunted Archer Avenue.” American Ghost Walks. https://www.americanghostwalks.com/articles/1-resurrection-mary-the-queen-of-chicago-s-haunted
• Larnach Castle and Gardens. “1871 - 1898 "The Larnach Years".” https://www.larnachcastle.co.nz/Visitor-Information-for-Larnach-Castle/Visit-Larnach-Castle/Early-History
• Neubauer, Ian. “Haunted Castle High on a Hill.” Stuff. 10/7/2014. https://www.stuff.co.nz/travel/destinations/nz/61737273/haunted-castle-high-on-a-hill
• Smith, Charmin. “Laying Larnach to rest.” Otago Daily Times. 7/8/2009. https://www.odt.co.nz/lifestyle/magazine/laying-larnach-rest
• Little House of Horrors. “Larnach Castle.” https://thelittlehouseofhorrors.com/larnach-castle/
• R. J. Sinclair. 'Larnach, William James Mudie', Dictionary of New Zealand Biography, first published in 1993. Te Ara - the Encyclopedia of New Zealand, https://teara.govt.nz/en/biographies/2l2/larnach-william-james-mudie (accessed 5 October 2023)
• Steelman, Ben. “Do People Still See the Maco Light?” Star News Online. 10/31/2021. https://www.starnewsonline.com/story/news/2021/10/31/maco-light-brunswick-has-been-seen-since-1880-s/8539263002/
• Port City Paranormal. “The Maco Light.”
• Barnes, Jay. “Brunswick County’s Maco Light Has Haunted Generations.” Our State. 9/29/2012. https://www.ourstate.com/maco-light/
• Fonvielle, Chris E. Jr. “In Search of the Maco Light.” Salt Magazine. https://www.saltmagazinenc.com/in-search-of-the-maco-light/
• Dugan, Nick. “Haunted Tri-Cities: Tales from Kingsport’s Rotherwood Mansion.” WJHL. 10/29/2021. https://www.wjhl.com/haunted-tri-cities/haunted-tri-cities-tales-from-kingsports-rotherwood-mansion/
• Justus, Anthony. “Rotherwood: House of Hell.” The Haunted Spots Blog. https://hauntedspotslibrary.wordpress.com/2016/03/02/rotherwood-house-of-hell/
• Leonard, Austin. “The Legends of Rotherwood Mansion.” The Kayseean. 3/11/2021. https://thekayseean.com/life-and-culture/the-legends-of-rotherwood-mansion/
• Sergent, Joanna. “Rotherwood Mansion: Weird Appalachia Cases.” 12/26/2022. http://kytnliving.com/rotherwood-mansion-weird-appalachia-cases/
• Ross, Frederick Augustus and Charles Coffin Ross. “The Story of Rotherwood from the Autobiography of Rev. Frederick A. Ross.” 1923. Bean, Warters & Company. https://play.google.com/store/books/details?id=YOwTAAAAYAAJ&rdid=book-YOwTAAAAYAAJ&rdot=1
• Garden Study Club of Tennessee. “History of Homes and Gardens in Tennessee.” 1936. Parthenon Press.

See omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.

William Weare's murder was brutal, gruesome, and a source of complete fascination for the public, and it set the stage for illustrated crime reporting.

Research:

• Cunningham, Alice. “Radlett: The horrifying 19th century murder that put Hertfordshire's most affluent town on the map.” Hertfordshire Mercury. 11/18/2020. https://www.hertfordshiremercury.co.uk/news/hertfordshire-news/radlett-horrifying-19th-century-murder-4708130
• Smith, Daniel. “'Murder jug' from 19th Century sells for big money.” Leicester Mercury. 8/20/2022. https://www.leicestermercury.co.uk/news/uk-world-news/murder-jug-19th-century-sells-7487222
• Muir, John. “Seven Men Sentenced to Die.” From Rare Books Collections, National Library of Scotland.” https://digital.nls.uk/broadsides/view/?id=14718
• “A narrative of the mysterious and dreadful murder of Mr. W. Weare : containing the examination before the magistrates, the Coroner's Inquest, the confession of Hunt, and other particulars previous to the trial, collected from the best sources of intelligence, with anecdotes of Weare, Thurtell, Hunt, Probert, and others, and a full report of the trial, and subsequent execution at Hertford.” London. 1824. https://play.google.com/books/reader?id=Kq5XAAAAcAAJ&pg=GBS.PA1
• “The horrid effects of gambling, exemplified in the atrocious murder of Mr. William Weare, who was first treacherously inveigled to and then cruelly butchered by his associates, in Gill's Lane, Herts : together with The remarkable trial and conviction of John Thurtell and Joseph Hunt, for the murder : including Thurtell's eloquent defence, his demeanor previous to and throughout the trial, and a particular account of his c.” Via JSTOR. https://www.jstor.org/stable/community.32830888
• Fraser, Angus. "Thurtell, John (1794–1824), murderer." Oxford Dictionary of National Biography. September 23, 2004. Oxford University Press. Date of access 11 Sep. 2023, https://www.oxforddnb.com/view/10.1093/ref:odnb/9780198614128.001.0001/odnb-9780198614128-e-27414
• Wheeler, Susan. “Medicine in Art: The Lancett Club at a Thurtell Feast’, by Thomas Rowlandson.” Journal of the History of Medicine and Allied Sciences. July 2002. Vol. 57, No. 3. Via JSTOR. https://www.jstor.org/stable/24623701
• Digby, Everard. “Somme Inns of Chancery.” From “The Commonwealth Law Review.” C. F. Maxwell. January 1906. https://play.google.com/store/books/details?id=pQBCAQAAMAAJ
• Borowitz, Albert. “The Thurtell-Hunt Murder Case: Dark Mirror to Regency England.” Louisiana State University Press. 1987.
• "Inns of Court." Britannica Library, Encyclopædia Britannica, 27 May. 1999. Accessed 13 Sep. 2023.
• Rider, Clare. “The Inns Of Court And Inns Of Chancery And Their Records.” The Inner Temple. https://www.innertemple.org.uk/who-we-are/history/historical-articles/the-inns-of-court-and-inns-of-chancery-and-their-records/

See omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.

This 2012 episode from previous hosts Sarah and Deblina covers the unusual circumstances surrounding Edgar Allan Poe's disappearance, reappearance, and death. 

See omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.

Holly and Tracy talk about college experiences with Gothic literature, and modern analysis of Ann Radcliffe's work.

See omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.

Once Ann Radcliffe retired from publishing, all kinds of rumors started to spread about her, including some that distressed her greatly. After she died, there was even more speculation.

Research:

• Britannica, The Editors of Encyclopaedia. "Ann Radcliffe". Encyclopedia Britannica, 5 Jul. 2023, https://www.britannica.com/biography/Ann-Radcliffe-English-author
• Radcliffe, Ann. “The Romance of the Forest, interspersed with some pieces of poetry.” London. 1824. Accessed online: https://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/64701/pg64701-images.html
• Radcliffe, Ann. “Gaston de Blondeville: Or The Court of Henry III. Keeping Festival in Ardenne, a Romance. St. Alban's Abbey, a Metrical Tale: with Some Poetical Pieces, Volume 1.” H. Colburn. 1826. Accessed online: https://play.google.com/store/books/details?id=vi03AAAAIAAJ&rdid=book-vi03AAAAIAAJ&rdot=1
• Radcliffe, Ann. “A Journey Made in the Summer of 1794, Through Holland and the Western Frontier of Germany, With a Return Down the Rhine: To Which Are Added Observations During a Tour to the Lakes of Lancashire, Westmoreland and Cumberland, in Two Volumes.” G.G. and Robinson. London. 1795. Accessed online: https://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/62795/pg62795-images.html
• Facer, Ruth. “Ann Radcliffe (1764-1823).” Chawton House Library. 2012. http://www.chawtonhouse.org/wp-content/uploads/2012/06/Ann-Radcliffe.pdf
• Dugdale, John. “Happy 250th, Ann Radcliffe.” The Guardian. Oct. 31, 2014. https://www.theguardian.com/books/2014/oct/31/ann-radcliffe-gothic-pioneer-snubbed-horace-walpole-the-castle-of-oronto-250-years-celebrations#:~:text=Another%20250th%20anniversary%2C%20of%20Ann,sent%20up%20in%20Northanger%20Abbey.
• Flood, Allison. “Gothic fiction pioneer Ann Radcliffe may have been inspired by mother-in-law.” The Guardian. Jan. 30, 2014. https://www.theguardian.com/books/2014/jan/30/ann-radcliffe-gothic-fiction-mother-in-law
• McIntyre, Clara Frances. “Anne Radcliffe in Relation to her Time.” Yale University Press. 1920. Accessed online: https://archive.org/details/annradcliffeinre00mcinuoft/page/n3/mode/2up
• “Mr. Radcliffe … “ Sunday Dispatch/ London. October 30, 1825. https://www.newspapers.com/image/813446539/?terms=%22Ann%20Radcliffe%22&match=1
• McKillop, Alan D. “Mrs. Radcliffe on the Supernatural in Poetry.” The Journal of English and Germanic Philology, vol. 31, no. 3, 1932, pp. 352–59. JSTOR. http://www.jstor.org/stable/27703650
• Clarke, N. (2005). Anna Seward: Swan, Duckling or Goose?. In: Batchelor, J., Kaplan, C. (eds) British Women’s Writing in the Long Eighteenth Century. Palgrave Macmillan, London. https://doi.org/10.1057/9780230595972_3
• Norton, Rictor. “Mistress of Udolpho.” Leicester University Press. 1999.
• Thomas, Donald. “Queen of Terrors.” The Guardian. July 10, 1964. https://www.newspapers.com/image/259612656/?terms=%22Ann%20Radcliffe%22&match=1
• Townshend, D., & Wright, A. (2014). Gothic and Romantic engagements The critical reception of Ann Radcliffe, 1789–1850. In D. Townshend & A. Wright (Eds.), Ann Radcliffe, Romanticism and the Gothic (pp. 3-32). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. doi:10.1017/CBO9781139507448.003
• Schwertfeger, S. 'No spoilers, please': the crux of illustrating the explained Gothic without explaining the mystery. Palgrave Commun3, 16 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1057/s41599-017-0018-z
• Scott, Sir Walter. “The Lives of the Novelists.” London. 1906. Accessed online: https://play.google.com/store/books/details?id=DXPPAAAAMAAJ&rdid=book-DXPPAAAAMAAJ&rdot=1

See omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.

In the space of a decade, Ann Radcliffe married, started writing, and had an incredibly successful career as an author. But after her 1797 novel, she retired, much to the confusion of her readers. 

Research: 

• Britannica, The Editors of Encyclopaedia. "Ann Radcliffe". Encyclopedia Britannica, 5 Jul. 2023, https://www.britannica.com/biography/Ann-Radcliffe-English-author
• Radcliffe, Ann. “The Romance of the Forest, interspersed with some pieces of poetry.” London. 1824. Accessed online: https://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/64701/pg64701-images.html
• Radcliffe, Ann. “Gaston de Blondeville: Or The Court of Henry III. Keeping Festival in Ardenne, a Romance. St. Alban's Abbey, a Metrical Tale: with Some Poetical Pieces, Volume 1.” H. Colburn. 1826. Accessed online: https://play.google.com/store/books/details?id=vi03AAAAIAAJ&rdid=book-vi03AAAAIAAJ&rdot=1
• Radcliffe, Ann. “A Journey Made in the Summer of 1794, Through Holland and the Western Frontier of Germany, With a Return Down the Rhine: To Which Are Added Observations During a Tour to the Lakes of Lancashire, Westmoreland and Cumberland, in Two Volumes.” G.G. and Robinson. London. 1795. Accessed online: https://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/62795/pg62795-images.html
• Facer, Ruth. “Ann Radcliffe (1764-1823).” Chawton House Library. 2012. http://www.chawtonhouse.org/wp-content/uploads/2012/06/Ann-Radcliffe.pdf
• Dugdale, John. “Happy 250th, Ann Radcliffe.” The Guardian. Oct. 31, 2014. https://www.theguardian.com/books/2014/oct/31/ann-radcliffe-gothic-pioneer-snubbed-horace-walpole-the-castle-of-oronto-250-years-celebrations#:~:text=Another%20250th%20anniversary%2C%20of%20Ann,sent%20up%20in%20Northanger%20Abbey.
• Flood, Allison. “Gothic fiction pioneer Ann Radcliffe may have been inspired by mother-in-law.” The Guardian. Jan. 30, 2014. https://www.theguardian.com/books/2014/jan/30/ann-radcliffe-gothic-fiction-mother-in-law
• McIntyre, Clara Frances. “Anne Radcliffe in Relation to her Time.” Yale University Press. 1920. Accessed online: https://archive.org/details/annradcliffeinre00mcinuoft/page/n3/mode/2up
• “Mr. Radcliffe … “ Sunday Dispatch/ London. October 30, 1825. https://www.newspapers.com/image/813446539/?terms=%22Ann%20Radcliffe%22&match=1
• McKillop, Alan D. “Mrs. Radcliffe on the Supernatural in Poetry.” The Journal of English and Germanic Philology, vol. 31, no. 3, 1932, pp. 352–59. JSTOR. http://www.jstor.org/stable/27703650
• Clarke, N. (2005). Anna Seward: Swan, Duckling or Goose?. In: Batchelor, J., Kaplan, C. (eds) British Women’s Writing in the Long Eighteenth Century. Palgrave Macmillan, London. https://doi.org/10.1057/9780230595972_3
• Norton, Rictor. “Mistress of Udolpho.” Leicester University Press. 1999.
• Thomas, Donald. “Queen of Terrors.” The Guardian. July 10, 1964. https://www.newspapers.com/image/259612656/?terms=%22Ann%20Radcliffe%22&match=1
• Townshend, D., & Wright, A. (2014). Gothic and Romantic engagements The critical reception of Ann Radcliffe, 1789–1850. In D. Townshend & A. Wright (Eds.), Ann Radcliffe, Romanticism and the Gothic(pp. 3-32). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. doi:10.1017/CBO9781139507448.003
• Schwertfeger, S. 'No spoilers, please': the crux of illustrating the explained Gothic without explaining the mystery. Palgrave Commun3, 16 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1057/s41599-017-0018-z
• Scott, Sir Walter. “The Lives of the Novelists.” London. 1906. Accessed online: https://play.google.com/store/books/details?id=DXPPAAAAMAAJ&rdid=book-DXPPAAAAMAAJ&rdot=1

See omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.