99% Invisible

How a small Mexican border town transformed itself into the dental tourism capital of the world, where dental care costs up to 80% less than what it might cost in the United States.

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Idaho was the first state to slap a slogan on a license plate, “Idaho Potatoes,” which may not seem like a big deal, but it turns out this idea would end up having outsized consequences, and not just for Idaho. Because what started in one state would soon spread. And when it did, the question of what should go on a license plate, and what shouldn't, would prove surprisingly contentious.

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The strange history of a punctuation mark that makes writing feel human, and why people now think it proves the opposite.

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This is the sixth episode of our ongoing series breaking down the U.S. Constitution.

This month, Roman and Elizabeth discuss Article III, which establishes the judicial branch, alongside New York Times chief legal affairs correspondent, Adam Liptak.

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Throughout Africa and beyond, Zimbabweans are known for choosing some of the most bold, head-turning English-language names. Zimbabwean producer Kim Chakanetsa tells the story of how her country's journey from colonial rule to independence shaped the nation's unique naming traditions.

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This week we're featuring Audio Flux, a short-form audio challenge where artists squeeze surprising stories into three minutes.

Find out more about Audio Flux by visiting audioflux.org

Follow Audio Flux on Instagram: @audiofluxing

Featured Audio Flux stories include:

• The Sound of Silence by Gregory Warner and Sana Krasikov
• In Between Silence by Talia Augustidis
• The Ghost on Side B by Katelyn Hale Wood with sound design by Alan Goffinski
• First Words by Peter Lang-Stanton
• Red Card by Vivien Schütz and Laura Rojas Aponte

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A young designer faces an impossible brief and discovers the spark that will define his legendary career.

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Performance changing gear, a Titanic era nurse with unbelievable resilience, and an ingenious art vending project reveal how innovation and endurance shape unexpected worlds.

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From rogue stop signs to rooftop mini golf, discover how chaos and creativity quietly shape the urban world.

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This is the fifth episode of our ongoing series breaking down the U.S. Constitution.

This month, Roman and Elizabeth turn to the rest of Article Two with former CDC director Dr. Tom Frieden, talking about the experience of being a highly trained expert in an inherently political institution within the executive branch. Dr. Frieden was also the New York City Public Health Commissioner under Mayor Bloomberg from 2002 to 2009, and he discusses the difference between running a city and a federal health agency.

Elizabeth also explains the constitutional powers and limitations of the presidency, including hiring and firing, impeachment, pardons, and presidential duties—and how President Trump and the current Supreme Court are upending those powers.

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A glowing Vegas pyramid, a famously mistyped domain, and a long-delayed miracle investigation unfold in three unexpected tales.

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From military parades to smoky clubs, one invention’s wild journey reveals how an instrument can become a symbol of rebellion and reinvention.

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A single diagonal step on a map sparks a legal war with huge consequences.

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How Jane Jacob's urbanism dreams came to life on the most beloved kids' TV block.

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This is the fourth episode of our ongoing series breaking down the U.S. Constitution.

This month, Roman and Elizabeth turn to Article Two, which establishes the executive branch, alongside former Secretary of Homeland Security Janet Napolitano. Elizabeth also explains why Trump administration’s attacks on Venezuelan boats defy even the broadest interpretation of the president's war powers.

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Writer Caroline Fraser argues a chilling link between industrial poison, deadly design, and a generation of serial killers in the Pacific Northwest.

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People once dreamed of sidewalks that could whisk them across cities. Somehow, that dream ended up at the airport.

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Comedy writer Elliott Kalan (The Daily Show, The Flop House, Mystery Science Theater 3000, and co-host of the 99% Invisible Breakdown of The Power Broker) spills the secrets of how he grows jokes from tiny ideas into full-blown laughs.

Joke Farming: How to Write Comedy and Other Nonsense is out on Nov 12. Find it in your favorite bookstore.

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From buckskin breeches to Patagonia vests, uncover how America’s obsession with ruggedness and war shaped the clothes we wear every day. Avery Trufelman is back with an episode from Articles of Interest's latest season.

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This is the third episode of our ongoing series breaking down the U.S. Constitution.

This month, Roman and Elizabeth dive into Article One, Sections 8 through 10, which spells out what Congress can and cannot do. They unpack everything from the Commerce Clause to the taxing and spending powers, the Necessary and Proper Clause, and even a few long-forgotten quirks like letters of marque and reprisal.

Then, Senator Elizabeth Warren joins to talk about Congress’s “power of the purse,” how it’s being challenged under President Trump, and what it means for the balance of power between the legislative and executive branches.

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What if all those dropped calls, endless wait times and dead end hotlines every time you try to reach customer service weren’t accidents but part of the plan?

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One SEGA employee chronicles the company’s struggles the only way he knows how: by turning it into a game.

Hidden Levels is a production of 99% Invisible and WBUR's Endless Thread.

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From blocky biomes to breathtaking open worlds, video games are teaching us new ways to see, build, and even save nature.

Hidden Levels is a production of 99% Invisible and WBUR's Endless Thread.

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Back in the 90s, artists turned video games into movie sets, and their wildest ideas are finally hitting documentaries.

Hidden Levels is a production of 99% Invisible and WBUR's Endless Thread.

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Before Fortnite and Call of Duty ruled the scene, the US Army quietly shaped the early 2000s with a wildly popular, free shooter designed to excite young people about enlisting.

Hidden Levels is a production of 99% Invisible and WBUR's Endless Thread.

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From airplanes to Pac-Man to the battlefield, the joystick has quietly shaped the way humans connect with machines.

Hidden Levels is a production of 99% Invisible and WBUR's Endless Thread.

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Step back into the ’90s, when dunks broke backboards, catchphrases caught fire, and one arcade game turned every kid into an NBA superstar.

Hidden Levels is a production of 99% Invisible and WBUR's Endless Thread.

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In anticipation of the release of Hidden Levels, Roman and Ben join Heather Anne Campbell (Rick and Morty) and Matt Apodaca of Get Played to talk controllers, culture, and why video games might just be running the world.

Hidden Levels launches on October 7th wherever you get your podcasts. Join SiriusXM Podcasts+ to listen to each episode early and ad-free.

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Like a shadow epilogue to The Power Broker, this story plunges into the chaos of 1970s New York where debt, unions, and one brutal headline nearly broke the city.

Drop Dead City is now playing in select cities, and available on VOD on November 14. You can watch the trailer here.

The Power Broker #13: Drop Dead City

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This is the second episode of our ongoing series breaking down the U.S. Constitution.

This month, Roman and Elizabeth dive into Article One with Representative Sharice Davids, examining lawmaking, committees, and the unique responsibilities of the House of Representatives.

Elizabeth also explains how the Supreme Court’s “major questions doctrine" could decide whether Trump’s sweeping use of tariffs under emergency powers is constitutional.

Constitution Breakdown #2: Rep. Sharice Davids

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In a Colorado meatpacking town, refugees fleeing persecution find themselves in some of the most dangerous jobs in America.

This episode was produced in partnership with the Food & Environment Reporting Network, an independent, nonprofit news organization.

The New Jungle

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Mary Roach dives into the strange, funny, and unsettling world of designing new body parts, from pig hearts to prosthetic feet, revealing just how messy replacing ourselves can be.

Replaceable You

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We’re excited to celebrate the 5th anniversary of The 99% Invisible City, a NYT Bestseller by Roman Mars and Kurt Kohlstedt, with a guided audio tour of beautiful downtown Oakland, California. Join us as we explore different everyday designs, using examples from the built environment around our old offices as jumping-off points.

And if you don't already have one: be sure to get your print or audio copy of the book at 99pi.org/book.

Exploring The 99% Invisible City

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For 99PI’s 15th anniversary, Roman sits in the hot seat to answer 15 eclectic questions, touching on everything from his dream merch to the one object he's always wanted to cover on the show.

Plus, a behind-the-scenes look at how the show gets made.

The 99PI Anniversary Special: 15 for 15

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A billionaire family’s private bridge empire shaped Detroit for decades, sparking battles over power, neighborhoods, and the future of an international crossing.

Ambassador Bridge

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Vintage music barely had any bass. Today’s hits are all about the low end. What changed? An episode this week from our friends at Twenty Thousand Hertz, featuring hip hop legend DJ Jazzy Jeff and Roland's Paul McCabe.

All About That Bass

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Aimee Semple McPherson built America’s first megachurch, blended showbiz with salvation, and vanished in a scandal that captivated the nation.

Sister Aimee and the Birth of the Megachurch

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Libraries get rid of books all the time. There are so many new books coming in every day and only a finite amount of library space. The practice of freeing up library space is called weeding. When the main branch of the San Francisco Public Library was damaged by an earthquake 1989, the argument over which books need to be weeded, and how they were chosen for removal, reached fever pitch.

This episode originally aired on May 14, 2019.

Weeding is Fundamental

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Old ideas about air and disease were wrong on the science, but looking to the past might actually help us design healthier buildings today.

Air-Borne

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This is the first official episode of our ongoing series breaking down the U.S. Constitution.

This month, Roman and Elizabeth discuss the Preamble, alongside Nikole Hannah-Jones. 

Elizabeth also explains that while the United States generally does not allow a standing army to be used against civilians, Trump has been exploiting an exception to keep troops in Los Angeles to protect ICE agents — with terrifying implications.

Constitution Breakdown #1: Nikole Hannah-Jones

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How a radio show born at a small college station in DC and dedicated to smooth, romantic love songs transformed black radio and reshaped love lives across the country.

The Quiet Storm

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A rock icon sets out to save music with a strange yellow gadget that almost no one understood.

Neil Young’s iPod Killer

If you're new to the show (thanks Apple Podcasts!) here are some favorite episodes to get you started:

• Freedom House Ambulance Service
• One-Nil to the Arsenal
• Guerrilla Public Service Redux
• Towers of Silence
• The House that Came in the Mail
• The Real Book

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In this bonus episode, an offbeat walking tour through San Francisco uncovers hidden rooftop parks, a leaning skyscraper scandal, a vanished statue, and the graceful brilliance of the Golden Gate Bridge.

This episode is sponsored by GetYourGuide. Discover and book experiences for your next trip at getyourguide.com.

Roman Mars's Guide to San Francisco

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How did millions of Americans end up living in neighborhoods where finding fresh food is harder than ever, and why is the problem by design, not accident? The answer rests in a major policy shift that fundamentally altered the American food landscape.

Food Deserts

If you're new to the show (thanks Apple Podcasts!) here are some favorite episodes to get you started:

• Freedom House Ambulance Service
• One-Nil to the Arsenal
• Guerrilla Public Service Redux
• Towers of Silence
• The House that Came in the Mail
• The Real Book

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An immigration reporter’s chance encounter in the desert reveals how borders shape our actions, our beliefs, and the way we see the world around us.

Open Borders

If you're new to the show (thanks Apple Podcasts!) here are some favorite episodes to get you started:

• Freedom House Ambulance Service
• One-Nil to the Arsenal
• Guerrilla Public Service Redux
• Towers of Silence
• The House that Came in the Mail
• The Real Book

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A century-old shipwreck, a sea of glass, and the lifeboats that were never meant to save you.

The Titanic Was The Lifeboat

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After Minneapolis police officer Derek Chauvin murdered George Floyd last year, tens of thousands of people all over the world took to the streets to protest police violence against Black people. And if you look at images from these marches, you will probably start to notice a common color scheme -- one involving a lot of red, black, and green. The flag was invented to unite Black people all over the world living under racial repression. When it first came into existence, the flag posed some bold questions about where Black people owed their loyalty: was it to the nations where their lives were demeaned and threatened? Or to a new nation - one they would build entirely for themselves? For hundreds of thousands of Black people, the red-black-and-green symbolized the answer.

The Red, the Black, and the Green

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We heard you. The chorus of voices asking “where is Con Law? Where is Professor Elizabeth Joh to guide us through this madness? We need it now more than ever!” Well, here it is. We’re back with a special extra-long episode about Trump’s perverted use of the Alien Enemies Act to deport people without due process and how judges are trying to hold the administration accountable to the Constitution.

Plus, we announce the launch of The 99% Invisible Breakdown: The Constitution, where Elizabeth and Roman will tackle a different section of this 7600-word document each month, treating the Constitution as a text to be analyzed.

The Return of Con Law

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A debilitating injury forces 99PI's Kurt Kohlstedt to confront new everyday challenges and seek out accessible design solutions for one-handed living.

The full set of Adapt or Design articles can be found at 99pi.org/adapt.

Adapt or Design

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Why is it so hard to build anything in America? Ezra Klein explores how our good intentions led to a system that stifles progress, and what it would take to break free.

Abundance by Ezra Klein and Derek Thompson

Build, Interrupted: A Conversation with Ezra Klein

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