Chemistry Made Simple

In this episode:

• Definition and use of molecular ion
• How Fragments are created in the Mass Spectrometer
• Use of fragments in analysis
• Uses of Mass spectrometry in the real world

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• High Definition mass spectrometry

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In This episode:

• What is Infra Red spectrometry?
• How does Infra Red Spectrometry work?
• Using the Data Sheet to find the compound type
• The fingerprint region

Become a Patreon supporter of the podcast and get more from each episode. patreon.com/chemistrymadesimple

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In this episode:

• Why you need to know these tests
• Test for alkenes
• Tests for aldehydes
• Tests for alcohols
• Tests for Halogenoalkanes
• Tests for carboxylic acids

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Become a Patreon supporter of the podcast and get more from each episode. patreon.com/chemistrymadesimple

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Check out the Chemistry Made Simple academy

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Find out more about the Chemistry Made Simple academy



Contact me:

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In this episode:

• Categories of alcohols
• Elimination or Dehydration of Alcohols
• Combustion of Alcohols
• Oxidation of ALcohols
• How to get the desired product from oxidising alcohols

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Become a Patreon supporter of the podcast and get more from each episode. patreon.com/chemistrymadesimple

Prefer to say a quick 'thank you'? You can buy me a coffee if that's your jam.

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Check out the Chemistry Made Simple academy

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Contact me:

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In this episode:

• Definition of alcohols
• Formula of alcohols
• Classification as primary, secondary or tertiary
• Synthesis of alcohols
• Physical properties

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In this episode:

• Definition of elimination reaction
• description of elimination mechanism
• Elimination vs Nucleophilic substitution - know the conditions

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In this episode:

• Definition of nucleophile
• Examples of nucleophiles
• Description of the nucleophilic substitution reaction of halogenoalkanes
• Example reactions and products

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In this episode:

• Definition of halogenoalkanes and haloalkanes
• Bond polarity in halogenoalkanes
• Solubility
• Trends in boiling point explained
• Trends in reactivity: Bond polarity vs bond enthalpy

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Other episodes referenced In this episode:

How to name organic compounds

The properties of alkanes

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In this episode:

• What are Polymers
• Examples of polymers
• What are monomers
• Addition Polymer reaction

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In this episode:

• Alkene functional group
• Electrophiles
• Electrophilic addition mechanism
• Examples of electrophiles
• Other alkene reaction

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In this episode:

• What are alkenes
• General formula of alkenes
• Shape and structure
• Reactivity and physical properties of alkenes

Other episodes mentioned:

Naming organic compounds

Nature, structure and properties of alkanes

Combustion of hydrocarbons

Become a Patreon supporter of the podcast and get more from each episode. patreon.com/chemistrymadesimple

Prefer to say a quick 'thank you'? You can buy me a coffee if that's your jam.

Check out the Chemistry Made Simple academy

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In this episode:

• What is a mechanism
• What is a free radical
• What is a halogenoalkane
• The steps of the free radical mechanism
• Chain reaction
• Other products

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In this episode:

• What do we mean by combustion in chemistry
• Why alkanes are commonly used as fuels
• What is complete combustion and what are the products
• What is incomplete combustion and what are the products
• How to spot whether combustion is complete or not

Become a Patreon supporter of the podcast and get more from each episode. patreon.com/chemistrymadesimple

Prefer to say a quick 'thank you'? You can buy me a coffee if that's your jam.

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In this Episode:

• Definition of alkanes
• General formula for alkanes, and an exception
• Properties of alkanes

Other episodes referenced in this episode:

What are isomers and what is isomerism?

How to name organic compounds

What is electronegativity and how does it make bonds polar?

Become a Patreon supporter of the podcast and get more from each episode. patreon.com/chemistrymadesimple

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In this episode:

• What is isomerism
• Structural Isomerism
• Position Isomerism
• Chain Isomerism
• Functional Group Isomerism
• Stereoisomerism
• E/Z or cis - trans isomerism

Become a Patreon supporter of the podcast and get more from each episode. patreon.com/chemistrymadesimple

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In this episode:

• What are Functional groups
• Chemical families
• Homologous series

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In this episode:

• Molecular Formula
• Displayed Formula
• Structural Formula
• Skeletal Formula

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In this episode:

• What is organic chemistry?
• Importance of carbon - carbon and carbon - hydrogen bonds
• Different structure types in organic chemistry
• SIngle, double and triple bonds

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In this episode:

• What is a dipole moment
• van der Waals forces
• Dipole-Dipole forces
• Hydrogen Bonding - including the specific requirements for this type of bond
• Relative level of attraction of these types of forces

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In this episode:

• What is electronegativity
• Trends in elecronegativity
• Polarity of covalent bonds

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In this episode:

• What is metallic bonding
• Electron sea and ions
• How metals conduct electricity and heat
• Strength of metals
• Malleability and ductility of metals

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In this episode:

• What is a covalent bond?
• Why do covalent bonds form?
• Examples in elements and compounds
• Double bonds
• Co-ordinate or dative bonds
• Properties of covalent substances

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In this episode:

• Which atoms combine using ionic bonds
• How ions are formed
• How ionic bonds are formed
• Properties of ionic compounds

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In this episode:

• Why do atoms form chemical bonds?
• How do atoms for chemical bonds?
• The three types of chemical bond

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Watch the video explaining the process and walkthrough of a tough exam question:

chemistrymadesimple.net/5step

In this episode:

• Why the analytical chem question is so difficult
• Why I developed the 5 step process for tackling these questions
• The 5 steps
• How to write out your answer
• The usefulness of the data sheet / data booklet

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Check out the Chemistry Made Simple academy

In this episode:

• What is ionization energy?
• First Ionization energy
• Trends in first ionization energy with explanations
• Successive ionization energies
• Common exam question - predict the element

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In this Episode:

• Not one trend but two mini trends
• The trends for sodium - silicon
• The trends for phosphorus - argon
• Giant structure vs molecular and what it means for these trends

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In this episode:

• The definition of atomic radius
• The trend across group 3
• The reason for the trend

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Your introduction to periodicity, and trends across a row of the periodic table

In this episode:

• What is a period
• What is Periodicity
• Which group we study and why
• Which properties we'll study

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In this episode:

• Definition of ATOM ECONOMY
• Example calculation of Atom economy
• Definition of YIELD
• Examples of calculation of yield
• Comparison of ATOM ECONOMY vs YIELD

Equation and calculation used in this episode:

C + 2H2O -> 2H2 + CO2

12g 2x18g 2x2g 44g

Atom economy = (4/48) x 100 = 8.3%

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Check out the Chemistry Made Simple academy

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In this episode:

• What are half equations?
• What are the rules for half equations
• Simple example walkthrough
• Complex example walkthrough

Your assignment:

Deduce the half equation for the reduction of the dichromate ion [Cr2O7]^2-

Let me know how you do with that -DM me on Instagram

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In This episode:

• definition of oxidation state / number
• rules for assigning oxidation numbers
• 'standard' oxidation states (and exceptions)
• walk through examples
• how to use oxidation numbers

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Check out the Chemistry Made Simple academy

In this episode:

• definition of the terms oxidation and reduction
• simple examples of oxidation and reduction
• definition of oxidation states / oxidation numbers with examples
• definition of redox

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Find out more about the Chemistry Made Simple academy

In this episode:

• Naming process for organic compounds
• Root of the name
• Including functional group
• Including side chain
• Indicating the position of functional groups and side chains
• Protocol for naming when there are multiple prefixes

Number of carbons Root of name

1 meth

2 eth

3 prop

4 but

5 pent

6 hex

7 hept

8 oct

9 non

10 dec

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Careful with those numbers....

In this episode:

• Why we need a systematic naming system
• How to name cations systematically
• How to name anions systematically
• Using full names, not formulae
• Combining cation and anion names to name compounds

Roman Numerals:

I one

II two

III three

IV four

V five

VI six

VII seven

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In this episode:

• How to write a chemical equation
• The GOLDEN RULE of balancing equations
• What do we mean by "balancing an equation"?
• How to balance an equation
• Definition of full, ionic and half equations

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Read more about how to balance equations:

https://chemistrymadesimple.net/episode/18/

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Find out how to join the Chemistry Made Simple Academy waitlist.

Watch a short video explaining WHY we need to balance chemical equations.

And a video explaining HOW to balance chemical equations.

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Join the discussion at the Chemistry Made Simple podcast community.

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In this episode :

• What is the ideal gas equation
• units of the ideal gas equation
• use and common question types

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• Using Molar Mass for gases
• Definition of Molar Volume
• What are standard temperature & pressure, and room temperature & pressure?
• Definition of conditions of stp and rtp
• Molar volume at stp and at rtp
• How to use the molar volume
• Applying molar volume to gaseous elements, gaseous compounds, and mixtures of gases

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Show notes here very soon - check back

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Studying chemistry in sixth form can't really be as difficult as people make out, can it?

Whether you're just thinking about studying chemistry at A-Level or Highers, whether you've committed to do so, or whether you've already started your course you will be aware of all the rumours and worries about what it's like and how difficult it is.

In this episode we look at these questions and concerns about A-Level chemistry:

• The chemistry is a big step up!
• Is memorising the syllabus enough?
• Is it starting again in chemistry?
• Did GCSE chemistry lie to me?
• Does getting a good GCSE grade mean I'll get a good A-Level grade?
• There's a lot of calculations
• The maths is very hard
• the exams are very difficult and require lots of understanding

Hear my golden rule about getting all the exam marks you deserve.

I also give quick tips of what you should include in your answers.

Find out how I can help you throughout your chemistry A-Level here.

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In this episode:

• Introduction to titration - what is it?
• Types of titration
• Apparatus required
• How to do titrations
• Doing the calculation

Read the accompanying article.

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In this episode:

• Introduction to buffers- what are they
• What are acidic buffers made from?
• How do acidic buffers work
• How acidic buffers are prepared
• Assumptions when using the acid dissociation constant, Ka, with acidic buffers
• Those tricky calculations....

Read the full show notes here.

Suggested listening:

Episode 10 explains the calculations required with weak acids and the acid dissociation constant, Ka.

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This bonus episode gives you five things to look for to help you identify whether an acid is a weak acid.

Your exam question is unlikely to spell that out for you. Very unlikely indeed. Here are the simple things to look for that will put you one step ahead of the examiner!

Suggested listening:

Episode 9 which introduces the difference between a strong acid and a weak acid and defines how to calculate pH.

Episode 10 which explains the calculations required with weak acids and the acid dissociation constant, Ka.

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Read the full show notes

In this episode we simplify:

• What is the acid dissociation constant, Ka
• Calculating pH from the H+ concentration
• Calculating the H+ concentration from pH
• Calculate acid concentration [HA] for a weak acid
• Calculate the acid dissociation constant, Ka

It's really not as difficult as it seems. Listen in and get chemistry confident.

Suggested listening: Also listen to episode 9 which introduces the difference between a strong acid and a weak acid and defines how to calculate pH.

Join the discussion at the Chemistry Made Simple podcast community.

Want to know more, or support the show? Become a Patreon supporter of the podcast and get more from each episode patreon.com/chemistrymadesimple

Read the full show notes

In this episode we:

• define acids (and bases)
• discuss why acids are SO reactive
• define and compare weak acids and strong acids (and talk about the common mistake made)
• talk about why pH is useful, and define how to calculate it

Suggested listening: Also listen to episode 10 which discusses the assumptions used when making calculations involving weak acids, and introduces the acid dissociation constant.

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In this episode we consider how to quantify the position of equilibrium using the equilibrium constant Kc.

We also talk through which changes of conditions cause a change in Kc value, and which don't. This will be something that will come up in your exams!

You can read the article How to Use the Equilibrium Constant Kc

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Read the show notes and article Equilibria and Reversible Reactions

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Read the companion article What are Isotopes?

___________________________________________________________

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Download our guide to Mass How Mass Spectrometers Work

Read the article How Mass Spectrometers Work

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Atomic orbitals download

In this episode, I start by giving a definition of atomic orbitals.

I talk about the different types and shapes, and explain that there are rules about which shell each orbital type can exist in.

How many orbitals of each type? We talk about that too.

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