Brain Science with Ginger Campbell, MD: Neuroscience for Everyone

At the end of last month's episode I announced that it was the last regular episode of Brain Science. It has been 17 years since episode 1 was released on December 15, 2023 and I am extremely grateful to everyone who has listened and supported the show over all these years. I am also grateful that others have taken up the challenge of sharing neuroscience via podcasting.

The main reason I have chosen to bring the show to an end is that I want to have the time and energy to immerse myself into my new life in New Zealand. I moved here from the US in August 2023.

The main purpose of this post is to emphasize that Brain Science will still be available to new listeners so I hope you will continue to share it with others. All episodes released after 2016 will remaining FREE along with the annual review episodes going back to 2007.

MyLibsyn Premium will continue to provide unlimited access to the entire catalogue and episode transcripts. The income from Premium subscribers will allow me to continue to pay for web hosting and the other expenses of keeping the show available.

If you aren't already subscribed, please sign up for the free Brain Science Newsletter so I can send you future updates.

Thank you so much for your support! I would love to hear from you at brainsciencepodcast@gmail.com.

This is the 17th Annual Review episode of Brain Science, celebrating the first episode which aired on December 15, 2006. We review the highlights of 2023, which included both new guests and the return of several favorites.

Episodes Released in 2023:

• BS 204 (Encore) and BS 205 featured molecular biologist Guy Caldwell, PhD from the University of Alabama. Caldwell uses the tiny roundworm C. Elegans to search for potential treatments of Parkinson's Disease.
• BS 206: Paco Calvo, PhD, author of Planta Sapiens: The New Science of Intelligence.
• BS 207 (Encore): Luiz Pessoa, author of The Cognitive-Emotional Brain: From Interactions to Integration.
• BS 208 Sander Van der Linden, author of Foolproof: Why Misinformation Infects Our Minds and How to Build Immunity.
• BS 209 Luiz Pessoa returned to talk about his new The Entangled Brain: How Perception, Cognition, and Emotion Are Woven Together.
• BS 210 Basics of Neurotransmitters: a detailed introduction to neurotransmitters and the importance of receptor proteins.
• BS 211 Seth Grant returned for a record 6th time. We reviewed his career and discussed recent discoveries about how synaptic proteins change as we age. Grant is my favorite guest because he makes complex ideas accessible to listeners of all backgrounds.
• BS 212 (Encore) Thomas Metzinger, PhD, author of The Ego Tunnel: The Science of the Mind and the Myth of the Self.
• BS 213 Kevin J Mitchell, PhD returned to talk about his new book Free Agents: How Evolution Gave Us Free Will.
• Please visit http://brainsciencepodcast.com for the FREE episode transcript.

Announcements:

• This is the last scheduled episode of Brain Science, but all episodes will continue to be available.
  • Free content includes all review episodes, encore episodes and all episodes since December 2016.
  • The entire back catalogue of Brain Science is available to Premium MyLibysn subscribers. This includes episode transcripts.
  • Patreon supporters will continue to have access more recent transcripts and other content.
• The mobile called Brain Science Podcast remains free and MyLibsyn Premium subscribers can use it to access transcripts and other premium content.
• Please sign up for the the free Brain Science Newsletter
  • Get updates about new content
  • Get free gift "5 Things You Need to Know about YOUR Brain" Just text brainscience to 55444 to sign up.

Connect on Social Media:

• Mastodon: https://neuromatch.social/@docartemis
• Twitter: @docartemis
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Contact Dr. Campbell:

• Email: brainsciencepodcast@gmail.com

In the this episode of Brain Science we talk with neuroscientist Kevin Mitchell about his new book Free Agents: How Evolution Gave Us Free Will. While many neuroscientists and philosophers argue that free will is an illusion, Mitchell argues that the ability to make meaningful choices is part of our evolutionary heritage. He also addresses the important issue of determinism, siding with those physicists who argue that the fundamental nature of our universe is NOT deterministic. These issues are crucial to how we see ourselves and others.

Links and References:

• Free Agents: How Evolution Gave Us Free Will by Kevin J. Mitchell
• Helgoland: Making Sense of the Quantum Revolution by Carlo Rovelli
• Innate: How the Wiring of Our Brains Shapes Who We Are by Kevin J. Mitchell
  • Mitchell discusses this book in BS 159.
• Kevin Mitchell, PhD (Trinity College Dublin)
  • Mitchell's blog
• Please visit http://brainsciencepodcast.com for additional references and episode transcripts.

Announcements:

• Please note: there will be no episode of Brain Science in November 2023. We will return with the 17th Annual Review episode on December 15.
• Please FOLLOW the Brain Science podcast channel on YouTube.
• The mobile app has been updated and is now called Brain Science Podcast. The app is free and MyLibsyn Premium subscribers can use it to access transcripts and other premium content.
• Dr. Campbell moved to Auckland, New Zealand in August 2023. Please reach out if you live in New Zealand or Australia.
• Please subscribe or follow Brain Science in your favorite audio app and please share it with others.
• Get free gift "5 Things You Need to Know about YOUR Brain when you sign up for the free Brain ScienceNewsletter to get show notes automatically every month. You can also text brainscience to 55444 to sign up.
• Support Brain Science by buying Are You Sure? The Unconscious Origins of Certainty by Virginia "Ginger" Campbell, MD. (Autographed copies are available)
• Learn more ways to support Brain Science at https://brainsciencepodcast.com/premium

Connect on Social Media:

• Mastodon: https://neuromatch.social/@docartemis
• Twitter: @docartemis
• Facebook page: http://www.facebook.com/brainsciencepodcast

Contact Dr. Campbell:

• Email: brainsciencepodcast@gmail.com

This month's episode of Brain Science features Thomas Metzinger, author of "The Ego Tunnel: The Science of the Mind and the Myth of the Self." Metzinger is a philosopher with a longstanding interest in Philosophy of Mind with a focus on incorporating the findings of neuroscience. We discuss the implications of the discovery that consciousness is a biological process generated by the interaction of the brain, body, and external world. Metzinger also emphasized the importance of considering altered states including dreaming, out of body experiences, and even virtual reality.

Links and References:

• The Ego Tunnel: The Science of the Mind and the Myth of the Self, by Thomas Metzinger.
• Being No One: The Self-Model Theory of Subjectivity, by Thomas Metzinger.
• Blanke, et al., "Stimulating Illusory Own-Body Perceptions," Nature, 419:269-270 (2002)
• O. Blanke & T. Metzinger,"Full-Body Illusion and Minimal Phenomenal Selfhood," Trends in Cognitive Neuroscience 13(1):7-13 (2009).
• T. Metzinger, "Out of Body Experiences as the Origin of the Concept of a 'Soul,'" Mind and Matter 3(1):57-84 (2005)
• Beyond the Body: An Investigation of Out of Body Experiences by Susan Blackmore
• Please visit http://brainsciencepodcast.com for additional references and episode transcripts.

Announcements:

• Please FOLLOW the Brain Science podcast channel on YouTube.
• The mobile app has been updated and is now called Brain Science Podcast. The app is free and MyLibsyn Premium subscribers can use it to access transcripts and other premium content.
• Dr. Campbell's arrived in Auckland, New Zealand on August 10, 2023. She is working at Tōtara Hospice. Please reach out if you live in New Zealand or Australia.
• Please subscribe or follow Brain Science in your favorite audio app and please share it with others.
• Get free gift "5 Things You Need to Know about YOUR Brain when you sign up for the free Brain ScienceNewsletter to get show notes automatically every month. You can also text brainscience to 55444 to sign up.
• Support Brain Science by buying Are You Sure? The Unconscious Origins of Certainty by Virginia "Ginger" Campbell, MD. (Autographed copies are available)
• Learn more ways to support Brain Science at https://brainsciencepodcast.com/premium

Connect on Social Media:

• Mastodon: https://neuromatch.social/@docartemis
• Twitter: @docartemis
• Facebook page: http://www.facebook.com/brainsciencepodcast

Contact Dr. Campbell:

• Email: brainsciencepodcast@gmail.com

This episode of Brain Science features the return of molecular biologist Seth Grant. We briefly review his decades of research into the complexity of the protein structure of the synapse and then we focus on his most recent paper, which describes how the life-span of synapse proteins appears to change as animals age. Grant reflects of the significance of this finding both for animal research and human medicine.

Papers discussed in this episode:

• Bulovaite, E., Qiu, Z., Kratschke, M., Zgraj, A., Fricker, D. G., Tuck, E. J., Gokhale, R., Koniaris, B., Jami, S. A., Merino-Serrais, P., Husi, E., Mendive-Tapia, L., Vendrell, M., O'Dell, T. J., DeFelipe, J., Komiyama, N. H., Holtmaat, A., Fransén, E., & Grant, S. G. N. (2022). A brain atlas of synapse protein lifetime across the mouse lifespan. Neuron, 110(24), 4057–4073.e8. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuron.2022.09.009
• Cizeron, M., Qiu, Z., Koniaris, B., Gokhale, R., Komiyama, N. H., Fransén, E., & Grant, S. G. N. (2020). A brainwide atlas of synapses across the mouse life span. Science (New York, N.Y.), 369(6501), 270–275. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.aba3163

Seth Grant has previously appeared on Brain Science several times including BSP 51, BSP 101, BS 137, BSP 150 and BS 176.

Announcements:

• Please FOLLOW the Brain Science podcast channel on YouTube.
• The mobile app has been updated and is now called Brain Science Podcast. The app is free and MyLibsyn Premium subscribers can use it to access transcripts and other premium content.
• Dr. Campbell arrived in New Zealand on August 10, 2023. Please reach out if you live in New Zealand or Australia.
• Please subscribe or follow Brain Science in your favorite audio app and please share it with others.
• Get free gift "5 Things You Need to Know about YOUR Brain when you sign up for the free Brain ScienceNewsletter to get show notes automatically every month. You can also text brainscience to 55444 to sign up.
• Support Brain Science by buying Are You Sure? The Unconscious Origins of Certainty by Virginia "Ginger" Campbell, MD. (Autographed copies are available)
• Learn more ways to support Brain Science at https://brainsciencepodcast.com/premium

Connect on Social Media:

• Mastadon: https://neuromatch.social/@docartemis
• Twitter: @docartemis
• Facebook page: http://www.facebook.com/brainsciencepodcast

Contact Dr. Campbell:

• Email: brainsciencepodcast@gmail.com

This episode is our first review of neurotransmitters since episode 8 way back in 2007. We start with some basics of neuron function and brain anatomy, but the meat of the episode is a discussion of neurotransmitters and how they work. The key idea is that a simple molecule, such as dopamine, can have a wide variety of effects because of the existence of multiple receptors.

This episode is appropriate for listeners of all backgrounds, but might be a little challenging for new listeners. It will be a review episode for longtime listeners and those with backgrounds in neuroscience.

Links and References:

• Essentials of Modern Neuroscience by Franklin Amthor, W. Anne Burton Theibert, David Standaert, and Erik Roberson; 1st ed. 2020
• Molecular & Cell Biology For Dummies, 2nd Edition by Rene Fester Kratz
• BS 118: Beyond the Zonules of Zinn: A Fantastic Journey Through Your Brain (2008) by David Bainbridge
• BS 169: Glial Cells with Doug Fields
• BS 186: The Spike with Mark Humphries
• BS 197: Neuroscience For Dummies 3rd Edition by Frank Amthor
• The War of the Soups and the Sparks: The Discovery of Neurotransmitters and the Dispute Over How Nerves Communicate by Elliot Valenstein
• Please visit http://brainsciencepodcast.com for additional references and episode transcripts.In

Announcements:

• Please FOLLOW the Brain Science podcast channel on YouTube.
• The mobile app has been updated and is now called Brain Science Podcast. The app is free and MyLibsyn Premium subscribers can use it to access transcripts and other premium content.
• Dr. Campbell's move to New Zealand has been delayed, but she hopes to be in Auckland by August, 2023. Please reach out if you live in New Zealand or Australia.
• Please subscribe or follow Brain Science in your favorite audio app and please share it with others.
• Get free gift "5 Things You Need to Know about YOUR Brain when you sign up for the free Brain ScienceNewsletter to get show notes automatically every month. You can also text brainscience to 55444 to sign up.
• Support Brain Science by buying Are You Sure? The Unconscious Origins of Certainty by Virginia "Ginger" Campbell, MD. (Autographed copies are available)
• Learn more ways to support Brain Science at https://brainsciencepodcast.com/premium

Connect on Social Media:

• Mastadon: https://neuromatch.social/@docartemis
• Twitter: @docartemis
• Facebook page: http://www.facebook.com/brainsciencepodcast

Contact Dr. Campbell:

• Email: brainsciencepodcast@gmail.com

This month's episode of Brain Science is an interview with Luiz Pessoa, author of The Entangled Brain: How Perception, Cognition, and Emotion Are Woven Together.

This is Pessoa's first book aimed at a general audience and it provides a concise overview of our current understanding of basic brain function. However, he also explains the limitations of the traditional modular view of the brain. A key take home point is that emotion and cognition are deeply intertwined at every level.

Links and References:

• The Entangled Brain: How Perception, Cognition, and Emotion Are Woven Together by Luiz Pessoa
• The Cognitive-Emotional Brain: From Interactions to Integration by Luiz Pessoa: BS 207 (encore)
• Luiz Pessoa, PhD: Professor of Psychology,University of Maryland
  • Twitter: @PessoaBrain
  • Mastadon: @PessoaBrain
• Please visit http://brainsciencepodcast.com for additional references and episode transcripts.

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Announcements: Please take a few minutes to complete this audience survey.

• The mobile app has been updated and is now called Brain Science Podcast. The app is free and MyLibsyn Premium subscribers can use it to access transcripts and other premium content.
• Dr. Campbell's move to New Zealand has been delayed, but she hopes to be in Auckland by August, 2023. Please reach out if you live in New Zealand or Australia.
• Please subscribe or follow Brain Science in your favorite audio app and please share it with others.
• Get free gift "5 Things You Need to Know about YOUR Brain when you sign up for the free Brain ScienceNewsletter to get show notes automatically every month. You can also text brainscience to 55444 to sign up.
• Check out the Brain Science podcast channel on YouTube
• Support Brain Science by buying Are You Sure? The Unconscious Origins of Certainty by Virginia "Ginger" Campbell, MD. (Autographed copies are available)
• Learn more ways to support Brain Science at http://brainsciencepodcast.com/donations

Connect on Social Media:

• Mastadon: https://neuromatch.social/@docartemis
• Twitter: @docartemis
• Facebook page: http://www.facebook.com/brainsciencepodcast

Contact Dr. Campbell:

• Email: brainsciencepodcast@gmail.com

This month's episode is an interview with Cambridge Psychology professor Sander van der Linden, author of "Foolproof: Why Misinformation Infects Our Minds and How to Build Immunity." We discuss the important topic of how techniques like appealing to emotion contribute to the spread of misinformation. Dr. Campbell reflects on why this topic is important.

Links and References:

• Foolproof: Why Misinformation Infects Our Minds and How to Build Immunity by Sander van der Linden
• Sander van der Linden, Phd (University of Cambridge)
• Learn more via video games at https://inoculation.science/
• Please visit http://brainsciencepodcast.com for additional references and episode transcripts.

Announcements: Please take a few minutes to complete this audience survey.

• The mobile app has been updated and is now called Brain Science Podcast. The app is free and MyLibsyn Premium subscribers can use it to access transcripts and other premium content.
• Dr. Campbell's move to New Zealand has been delayed, but she hopes to be in Auckland by July 2023. Please reach out if you live in New Zealand or Australia.
• Please subscribe or follow Brain Science in your favorite audio app and please share it with others.
• Get free gift "5 Things You Need to Know about YOUR Brain when you sign up for the free Brain ScienceNewsletter to get show notes automatically every month. You can also text brainscience to 55444 to sign up.
• Check out the Brain Science podcast channel on YouTube
• Support Brain Science by buying Are You Sure? The Unconscious Origins of Certainty by Virginia "Ginger" Campbell, MD. (Autographed copies are available)
• Learn more ways to support Brain Science at http://brainsciencepodcast.com/donations

Connect on Social Media:

• Twitter: @docartemis
• Facebook page: http://www.facebook.com/brainsciencepodcast

Contact Dr. Campbell:

• Email: brainsciencepodcast@gmail.com

This month's episode is an encore presentation of an interview with neuroscientist Luiz Pessoa discussing his fascinating book "The Cognitive-Emotional Brain: From Interactions to Integration." We explored the surprising role of the amygdala in decision making and learned that cognition and emotion are deeply intertwined at every level.

Links and References:

• The Cognitive-Emotional Brain: From Interactions to Integration by Luiz Pessoa
• Luiz Pessoa, PhD (University of Maryland)
• Please visit http://brainsciencepodcast.com for additional references and episode transcripts.

Announcements: Please take a few minutes to complete this audience survey.

• Dr. Campbell is moving to New Zealand and would love to connect with listeners from New Zealand and Australia.
• Please subscribe or follow Brain Science in your favorite audio app and please share it with others.
• Get free gift "5 Things You Need to Know about YOUR Brain when you sign up for the free Brain ScienceNewsletter to get show notes automatically every month. You can also text brainscience to 55444 to sign up.
• Check out the Brain Science podcast channel on YouTube
• Support Brain Science by buying Are You Sure? The Unconscious Origins of Certainty by Virginia "Ginger" Campbell, MD. (Autographed copies are available)
• The mobile app is now called "Brain Science Podcast" and can be used to get both premium and free content
• Learn more ways to support Brain Science at http://brainsciencepodcast.com/donations

Connect on Social Media:

• Twitter: @docartemis
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Contact Dr. Campbell:

• Email: brainsciencepodcast@gmail.com

This month we have an intriguing interview with Dr. Paco Calvo from the Minimal Intelligence Laboratory at the University of Mercia in Spain. We talk with him about his new book Planta Sapiens: The New Science of Intelligence.

We discuss the scientific evidence for plant intelligence while acknowledging that intelligence and consciousness are not the same. It is interesting to think of plants as demonstrating embodied cognition in contrast to the "intelligence" demonstrated by computer software. We also consider the pioneering work of Charles Darwin, who actually studied plant behavior before the invention of time lapse photography.

Links and References:

• Planta Sapiens: The New Science of Plant Intelligence by Paco Calvo
• Paco Calvo (University of Mercia, Spain)
• Gagliano, M., Vyazovskiy, V. V., Borbély, A. A., Grimonprez, M., & Depczynski, M. (2016). Learning by Association in Plants. Scientific reports, 6, 38427. https://doi.org/10.1038/srep38427
• Please visit http://brainsciencepodcast.com for additional references and episode transcripts.

Announcements:

• The Brain Science mobile app has been relaunched in iOS as the Brain Science Podcast app. Be sure to download this new version to avoid the crashing of the old app. (I am not sure if the problem has effected Android users.)
• Support Brain Science via Patreon. If you pledge at least $10 per month you will get Are You Sure? The Unconscious Origins of Certainty by Virginia "Ginger" Campbell, MD.
• Contact Dr. Campbell if you are interested a listener meet-up or sponsoring a talk by Dr. Campbell during her trip to Europe on April 10, 2023.
• Please subscribe or follow Brain Science in your favorite audio app and please share it with others.
• Get free gift "5 Things You Need to Know about YOUR Brain when you sign up for the free Brain ScienceNewsletter to get show notes automatically every month. You can also text brainscience to 55444 to sign up.
• Check out the Brain Science podcast channel on YouTube
• Learn more ways to support Brain Science at http://brainsciencepodcast.com/donations

Connect on Social Media:

• Twitter: @docartemis
• Facebook page: http://www.facebook.com/brainsciencepodcast

Contact Dr. Campbell:

• Email: brainsciencepodcast@gmail.com

In this follow-up interview with molecular biologist Dr. Guy Caldwell we learn more about how the tools of molecular biology are used to unravel questions in neurobiology and provide hope for better treatments for problems like Parkinson's Disease.

Links and References:

• Guy Caldwell, PhD (University of Alabama)
  • LinkedIn
  • BS 204 Encore of 2009 interview
• The Worm Shack
• Mew, M., Caldwell, K. A., & Caldwell, G. A. (2022). From bugs to bedside: functional annotation of human genetic variation for neurological disorders using invertebrate models. Human molecular genetics, 31(R1), R37–R46. https://doi.org/10.1093/hmg/ddac203
• Please visit http://brainsciencepodcast.com for additional references and episode transcripts.

Announcements: Please take a few minutes to complete this audience survey.

• Dr. Campbell is moving to New Zealand, probably in May 2023.
• Please subscribe or follow Brain Science in your favorite audio app and please share it with others.
• Get free gift "5 Things You Need to Know about YOUR Brain when you sign up for the free Brain ScienceNewsletter to get show notes automatically every month. You can also text brainscience to 55444 to sign up.
• Check out the Brain Science podcast channel on YouTube
• Support Brain Science by buying Are You Sure? The Unconscious Origins of Certainty by Virginia "Ginger" Campbell, MD. (Autographed copies are available)
• Check out the free Brain Science Mobile app for iOS, Android, and Windows. (It's a great way to get both new episodes and premium content.)
• Learn more ways to support Brain Science at http://brainsciencepodcast.com/donations

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• Twitter: @docartemis
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Contact Dr. Campbell:

• Email: brainsciencepodcast@gmail.com

This month's episode is an encore presentation of an interview with Dr. Guy Caldwell from the University of Alabama. Dr. Caldwell explains how tools from molecular biology make it possible to use the famous C. Elegans roundworm to improve our understanding of neurodegenerative diseases like Parkinson's disease.

Dr. Caldwell will return to Brain Science next month to give us an update on his work.

Links and References:

• Visit the Wormshack at the University of Alabama
• Molecular neurodegeneration, 14(1), 29. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13024-019-0329-1
• C. elegans Alpha-Synuclein Models of Parkinson's Disease. Brain sciences, 9(4), 73. https://doi.org/10.3390/brainsci9040073
• See show notes for BSP 59 for additional references.
• Scroll up or click here for the free episode transcript.

Listener Support is greatly appreciated:

• brainsciencepodcast.com/donations

Announcements:

Please take a few minutes to complete this audience survey.

• Contact Dr. Campbell if you are interested a listener meet-up or sponsoring a talk by Dr. Campbell during her trip to Europe in April 2023.
• Please subscribe or follow Brain Science in your favorite audio app and please share it with others.
• Get free gift "5 Things You Need to Know about YOUR Brain when you sign up for the free Brain ScienceNewsletter to get show notes automatically every month. You can also text brainscience to 55444 to sign up.
• Check out the Brain Science podcast channel on YouTube
• Support Brain Science by buying Are You Sure? The Unconscious Origins of Certainty by Virginia "Ginger" Campbell, MD. (Autographed copies are available)
• Check out the free Brain Science Mobile app for iOS, Android, and Windows. (It's a great way to get both new episodes and premium content.)
• Learn more ways to support Brain Science at http://brainsciencepodcast.com/donations

Connect on Social Media:

• Twitter: @docartemis
• Facebook page: http://www.facebook.com/brainsciencepodcast

Contact Dr. Campbell:

• Email: brainsciencepodcast@gmail.com

This month's episode (BS 203) celebrates the 16th Anniversary of Brain Science with the annual review episode. This is a listener favorite providing highlights and key ideas from the episodes of Brain Science that were posted in 2022. Topics included hearing, grief, emotion, embodied cognition, consciousness and more.

Note: This month's episode transcript is FREE.

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2022 Episodes of Brain Science:

• BS 192 Nina Kraus, author of Of Sound Mind: How Our Brain Constructs a Meaningful Sonic World

• BS 193 The Embodied Mind: exploring the implications of embodied cognition

• BS 194 Mary-Frances O'Connor, author of The Grieving Brain: The Surprising Science of How We Learn from Love and Loss

• BS 195 David J Anderson, author of The Nature of the Beast: How Emotions Guide Us

• BS 196 Hakwan Lau, author of In Consciousness we Trust: The Cognitive Neuroscience of Subjective Experience

• BS 197 Frank Amthor, author of Neuroscience for Dummies and Neurobiology for Dummies

• BS 198 Evan Thompson, author of Mind in Life: Biology. Phenomenology, and the Sciences of Mind

• BS 199 Batja Mesquita, author of Between Us: How Cultures Create Emotions

• BS 200 Jennifer Fugate and Sheila Macrine, editors of Movement Matters: How Embodied Cognition Informs Teaching and Learning

• BS 201 Bill Harris, author of Zero to Birth: How the Human Brain Is Built

• BS 202 Evan Thompson, on meditation and embodied cognition

• Please visit http://brainsciencepodcast.com for more episodes.

Connect on Social Media

• Twitter: @docartemis

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Contact Dr. Campbell:

• Email: brainsciencepodcast@gmail.com

The idea that meditation is a "mind science" is popular, but in this interview Canadian philosopher Evan Thompson argues that this claim does not stand up to either scientific or philosophical scrutiny. As one of the pioneers of the Embodied Cognition movement Thompson reminds us that the Mind is not restricted to the Brain and we must also consider how other recent discoveries in neuroscience fail to support the claim that meditation provides neutral scientific insight into how the Mind really works.

Links and References:

• Evan Thompson's website
• Why I am not a Buddhist by Evan Thompson
• Cosmopolitanism: Ethics in a World of Strangers by Kwame Anthony Appiah
• The Embodied Mind: Cognitive Science and Human Experience by Francisco J. Varela, Evan T. Thompson, Eleanor Rosch
• Mind in Life: Biology, Phenomenology, and the Sciences of Mind by Evan Thompson
  • discussed in BS 198
• Waking, Dreaming, Being: Self and Consciousness in Neuroscience, Meditation, and Philosophy by Evan Thompson
  • discussed in BS 115
• Please visit http://brainsciencepodcast.com for additional references and episode transcripts.

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Announcements:

Please take a few minutes to complete this audience survey.

• Contact Dr. Campbell if you are interested a listener meet-up or sponsoring a talk by Dr. Campbell during her trip to Europe in April 2023.
• Get free gift "5 Things You Need to Know about YOUR Brain when you sign up for the free Brain ScienceNewsletter to get show notes automatically every month. You can also text brainscience to 55444 to sign up.
• Check out the Brain Science podcast channel on YouTube
• Support Brain Science by buying Are You Sure? The Unconscious Origins of Certainty by Virginia "Ginger" Campbell, MD. (Autographed copies are available)
• Check out the free Brain Science Mobile app for iOS, Android, and Windows. (It's a great way to get both new episodes and premium content.)
• Learn more ways to support Brain Science at http://brainsciencepodcast.com/donations

Connect on Social Media:

• Twitter: @docartemis
• Facebook page: http://www.facebook.com/brainsciencepodcast

Contact Dr. Campbell:

• Email: brainsciencepodcast@gmail.com

This month's episode of Brain Science is an interview with WA (Bill) Harris, author of Zero to Birth: How the Human Brain Is Built. We explore how the human brain develops from the fertilized egg up until birth. There are some surprises along the way, including the fact that we actually have more neurons before we are born than we will ever have again!

Links and References:

• Zero to Birth: How the Human Brain Is Built by William A Harris
• Please visit http://brainsciencepodcast.com for additional references and episode transcripts.
• Click here for free transcript excerpt.

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Announcements:

Please take a few minutes to complete this audience survey.

• Contact Dr. Campbell if you are interested a listener meet-up or sponsoring a talk by Dr. Campbell during her trip to Europe in April 2023.
• Get free gift "5 Things You Need to Know about YOUR Brain when you sign up for the free Brain ScienceNewsletter to get show notes automatically every month. You can also text brainscience to 55444 to sign up.
• Check out the Brain Science podcast channel on YouTube
• Support Brain Science by buying Are You Sure? The Unconscious Origins of Certainty by Virginia "Ginger" Campbell, MD. (Autographed copies are available)
• Check out the free Brain Science Mobile app for iOS, Android, and Windows. (It's a great way to get both new episodes and premium content.)
• Learn more ways to support Brain Science at http://brainsciencepodcast.com/donations

Connect on Social Media:

• Twitter: @docartemis
• Facebook page: http://www.facebook.com/brainsciencepodcast

Contact Dr. Campbell:

• Email: brainsciencepodcast@gmail.com

This month's episode is a discussion with the editors of a fascinating new book Movement Matters: How Embodied Cognition Informs Teaching and Learning. We explore how embodied cognition challenges long standing dualist approaches to both cognition and learning. Sheila Macrine and Jennifer Fugate also share some of the innovative approaches that improve both how we teach and how we learn.

Links and References:

• Movement Matters: How Embodied Cognition Informs Teaching and Learning edited by Sheila L. Macrine and Jennifer M.B. Fugate
• Recent episodes about Embodied Cognition:
  • BS 193 What does it mean to say the Mind is Embodied?
  • BS 198 Encore of interview with Evan Thompson
• Please visit http://brainsciencepodcast.com for additional references and episode transcripts.

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Announcements:

Please take a few minutes to complete this audience survey.

• Contact Dr. Campbell if you are interested a listener meet-up or sponsoring a talk by Dr. Campbell during her trip to Europe in April 2023.
• Get free gift "5 Things You Need to Know about YOUR Brain when you sign up for the free Brain ScienceNewsletter to get show notes automatically every month. You can also text brainscience to 55444 to sign up.
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• Email: brainsciencepodcast@gmail.com

This month's episode is an interview with Batja Mesquita, author of "Between Us: How Cultures Create Emotions." This is an important book because it describes the evidence that Emotions are not just something people experience "from the inside out," but they also occur between people, which means that culture plays a critical role. We also explore why it is important to appreciate why people from from different cultures may experience emotions in surprisingly different ways.

Links and References:

• Between Us: How Cultures Create Emotions by Batja Mesquita
• Follow her on Twitter: @batjamesquita
• How Emotions Are Made: The New Science of the Mind and Brain by Lisa Feldman Barrett (BS 135)
• Please visit http://brainsciencepodcast.com for additional references and episode transcripts.

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Please take a few minutes to complete this audience survey.

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This month's episode of Brain Science is a free encore playing of my interview with Evan Thompson about his book Mind in Life: Biology, Phenomenology, and the Sciences of Mind. We discuss how the enactive approach to embodied cognition offers potential clues to the mystery of how the brain can generate Consciousness. A free episode transcript is also available.

This is the 2nd of two free encore episodes that are being shared to give listeners a taste of the diverse content available to Premium subscribers. Premium subscribers have access to over 100 additional episodes of Brain Science along with episode transcripts.

The embodied cognition movement is an approach within cognitive neuroscience that includes philosophers, neuroscientists, psychologists and computer scientists. The key idea is that cognition, which includes thinking and decision-making, is inseparable from embodiment. This is not just because it requires sensory inputs to the brain, but also because moving in the world is a key component. Thus embodied cognition does not see this as a passive input/output process, but as something that requires constant interaction with the world via the body.

Links and References:

• Mind in Life: Biology, Phenomenology, and the Sciences of Mind by Evan Thompson
• The Embodied Mind: Cognitive Science and Human Experience by Francisco J. Varela, Evan T. Thompson, Eleanor Rosch
• Waking, Dreaming, Being: Self and Consciousness in Neuroscience, Meditation, and Philosophy by Evan Thompson (follow-up interview BSP 115)
• Evan Thompson, PhD, University of British Columbia
• Please visit http://brainsciencepodcast.com for additional references and episode transcripts.

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• Get free gift "5 Things You Need to Know about YOUR Brain when you sign up for the free Brain Science Newsletter to get show notes automatically every month. You can also text brainscience to 55444 to sign up.
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This is the free transcript for Episode 197 with Frank Amthor, author of Neuroscience for Dummies.

For unlimited access to all transcripts and the entire back catalogue of Brain Science sign up for our Premium Subscription.

You can cancel any time.

This month's episode of Brain Science features an encore playing of my interview with Dr. Frank Amthor, author of Neuroscience for Dummies and Neurobiology for Dummies. It is a great episode for newbies and will be a good review for longtime listeners.

This is a FREE sample of my Premium content and the episode transcript is also FREE.

Links and References:

• Essentials of Modern Neuroscience by Franklin Amthor, W. Anne Burton Theibert, David Standaert, and Erik Roberson
• Neurobiology For Dummies by Frank Amthor
• Neuroscience For Dummies, 2nd Ed. by Frank Amthor
• Please visit http://brainsciencepodcast.com for additional references and episode transcripts.

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• Want to be part of BS 200? Just email me at brainsciencepodcast@gmail.com to learn more.
• Get free gift "5 Things You Need to Know about YOUR Brain when you sign up for the free Brain Science Newsletter to get show notes automatically every month. You can also text brainscience to 55444 to sign up.
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• Support Brain Science by buying Are You Sure? The Unconscious Origins of Certainty by Virginia "Ginger" Campbell, MD. (Autographed copies are available)
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This month's episode of Brain Science is an interview with Hakwan Lau, author of In Consciousness we Trust: The Cognitive Neuroscience of Subjective Experience. Lau talks about shortcomings in current theories about how the brain generates consciousness, but he also introduces something he calls perceptual reality monitoring.

Although this is a somewhat technical discussion it is accessible to listeners who are new to the neuroscience of consciousness.

Links and References:

• In Consciousness we Trust: The Cognitive Neuroscience of Subjective Experience by Hakwan Lau
• Hakwan Lau's Lab at UCLA
• Please visit http://brainsciencepodcast.com for additional references and episode transcripts.

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Announcements:

• Check episode extras for free transcript excerpt!
• Episode 200 is coming in September 2022! Listener feedback is invited. Email brainsciencepodcast@gmail.com to learn more.
• Please visit brainsciencepodcast.com and let me know what you think of the updated website.
• Get free gift "5 Things You Need to Know about YOUR Brain when you sign up for the free Brain Science Newsletter to get show notes automatically every month. You can also text brainscience to 55444 to sign up.
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• Support Brain Science by buying Are You Sure? The Unconscious Origins of Certainty by Virginia "Ginger" Campbell, MD. (Autographed copies are available)
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This month's episode is an interview with David J Anderson from Cal Tech. We talk about his new book The Nature of the Beast: How Emotions Guide US. We talk about how emotion CAN be studied in animals by using methods that focus on brain states rather than verbal descriptions. Dr. Anderson also explains why this experimental work is essential to developing more effective treatment of mental illnesses.

This episode is a follow up to my discussion of The Neuroscience of Emotion: A New Synthesis by Ralph Adolphs and David J. Anderson in BS 151 (2018)

Links and References:

• The Nature of the Beast: How Emotions Guide US by David J Anderson
• David Anderson,PhD. , California Institute of Technology
• Please visit http://brainsciencepodcast.com for additional references and episode transcripts.

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The neuroscience of grief and grieving is a relatively new field, but one that offers practical discoveries for people of all backgrounds. This month we talk with Mary-Frances O'Connor, author of The Grieving Brain: The Surprising Science of How we Learn from Love and Loss.

We talk about what has been learned from a variety of approaches, including both brain imaging and, surprisingly even from animal studies. We learn why it is so hard for our brains to accept the loss of a loved one and this work offers hope for helping those who struggle with prolonged or complicated grief.

The incredible loss of life cause by the COVID pandemic makes this work especially timely.

Links and References:

• The Grieving Brain: The Surprising Science of How We Learn from Love and Loss by Mary-Frances O'Connor
  • Author website
• Please visit http://brainsciencepodcast.com for additional references and episode transcripts.

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• Please visit brainsciencepodcast.com and let me know what you think of the updated website.
• Get free gift "5 Things You Need to Know about YOUR Brain when you sign up for the free Brain Science Newsletter to get show notes automatically every month. You can also text brainscience to 55444 to sign up.
• Check out the Brain Science podcast channel on YouTube for episode excerpts and summaries.
• Support Brain Science by buying Are You Sure? The Unconscious Origins of Certainty by Virginia "Ginger" Campbell, MD. (Autographed copies are available)
• Check out the free Brain Science Mobile app for iOS, Android, and Windows. (It's a great way to get both new episodes and premium content.)
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In this month's episode of Brain Science I explore two big picture questions: What does it mean to claim that the Mind is "embodied?" and How does this change our understanding of our place in the world? The conversation was inspired by the book "Out of the Cave: A Natural Philosophy of Mind and Knowing" by Mark L Johnson and Donald M Tucker.

This episode builds on several previous discussions of "embodied cognition" so it might be challenging to newer listeners. I have included a list of these earlier episodes below.

Links and References:

• Out of the Cave: A Natural Philosophy of Mind and Knowing by Mark L Johnson and Donald M Tucker
• Embodied Cognition (2nd. ed) by Lawrence Shapiro (BSP 73)
• Metaphors We Live By by George Lakoff and Mark Johnson
• Previous episodes about Embodied Cognition
  • BSP 25 with Rolf Pfeifer, co-author of How the Body Shapes the Way We Think
  • BSP 36 with Arthur Glenberg
  • BSP 73 with Lawrence Shapiro, author of Embodied Cognition
  • BSP 89 with Evan Thompson, author of Mind in Life: Biology. Phenomenology, and the Sciences of Mind
• Please visit http://brainsciencepodcast.com for additional references and episode transcripts.

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Announcements:

• Join me for my induction into the Podcast Hall of Fame on March 25, 2022. Attendance is free. If you live in Los Angeles I hope you will attend the live event, but I hope everyone else will attend online. Click here to learn more.
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• Get free gift "5 Things You Need to Know about YOUR Brain when you sign up for the free Brain Science Newsletter to get show notes automatically every month. You can also text brainscience to 55444 to sign up.
• Check out the Brain Science podcast channel on YouTube for episode excerpts and summaries.
• Support Brain Science by buying Are You Sure? The Unconscious Origins of Certainty by Virginia "Ginger" Campbell, MD. (Autographed copies are available)
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This month's episode of Brain Science is an interview with Nina Kraus, author of "Of Sound Mind: How Our Brain Constructs a Meaningful Sonic World." Dr. Kraus has spent 30 years exploring how the brain processes sound. We explore why sound processing involves much more that just the auditory cortex as well how the sounds we experience change our brains, both for better and for worse.

Links and References:

• Of Sound Mind: How Our Brain Constructs a Meaningful Sonic World by Nina Kraus
• Nina Kraus, PhD, Northwestern University
  • BrainVolts website
• Please visit http://brainsciencepodcast.com for additional references and episode transcripts.

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Announcements:

• Please visit brainsciencepodcast.com and let me know what you think of the updated website.
• Get free gift "5 Things You Need to Know about YOUR Brain when you sign up for the free Brain Science Newsletter to get show notes automatically every month. You can also text brainscience to 55444 to sign up.
• Check out the Brain Science podcast channel on YouTube for episode excerpts and summaries.
• Support Brain Science by buying Are You Sure? The Unconscious Origins of Certainty by Virginia "Ginger" Campbell, MD. (Autographed copies are available)
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This is our 15th annual review episode, which highlights the guests and key ideas we have shared in 2021. Interviews included return visits from Jeff Hawkins and David Eagleman. New guests including Anil Seth and Antonio Damasio, who both emphasized the importance of our bodies (not just our brains) in understanding Consciousness.

Available soon: Free Transcript!

Full Episode List:

BS 180 Bruce Goldstein, author of The Mind: Consciousness, Prediction, and the Brain

BS 181 Sir Simon Baron-Cohen, author of The Pattern Seekers: How Autism Drives Human Invention

BS 182 Iris Berent, author of The Blind Storyteller: How We Reason About Human Nature

BS 183 Jeff Hawkins, author A Thousand Brains: A New Theory of Intelligence

BS 184 Mark Solms, author The Hidden Spring: A Journey to the Origins of Consciousness

BS 185 Stephen Fleming, author of Know Thyself: The Science of Self-Awareness

BS 186 Mark Humphries, author of The Spike: An Epic Journey Through the Brain in 2.1 Seconds

BS 187 David Eagleman, author of Livewired: The Inside Story of the Ever-Changing Brain

BS 188 Anil Seth, author of Being You: A New Science of Consciousness

BS 189 Antonio Damasio, author of Feeling & Knowing: Making Minds Conscious

BS 190 David Badre, author of On Task: How Our Brain Gets Things Done

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This month's episode of Brain Science features David Badre, author of "On Task: How Our Brain Gets Things Done." He gives us an overview of recent research in the field of cognitive control, which has has actually overturned some popular assumptions about things like willpower. Our focus is on the practical implications of this research.

Links and References:

• On Task: How Our Brain Gets Things Done by David Badre
• David Badre, PhD, Professor at Brown University
• Please visit http://brainsciencepodcast.com for additional references and episode transcripts.

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• Support Brain Science by buying Are You Sure? The Unconscious Origins of Certainty by Virginia "Ginger" Campbell, MD. (Autographed copies are available)
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Neurologist and best-selling author Antonio Damasio is one of our most requested guests. This month we finally had the opportunity to talk about his newest book "Feeling & Knowing: Making Minds Conscious," which he explained is somewhat different from his previous efforts. His goal was to write something "briefer" and more accessible. Thus it is definitely a book that requires no background in neuroscience.

The key theme is that feelings and emotions are foundational aspects of Consciousness.

Links and References:

• Feeling & Knowing: Making Minds Conscious by Antonio Damasio
• Self Comes to Mind by Antonio Damasio (BS 90)
• Antonio Damasio, MD, PhD, Professor USC
  • Twitter: @damasiousc
• Please visit http://brainsciencepodcast.com for additional references and episode transcripts.

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Announcements:

• Autographed copies of Are You Sure? The Unconscious Origins of Certainty by Virginia "Ginger" Campbell, MD are now available. Email Dr. Campbell to learn more
• Check out the Brain Science podcast channel on YouTube for episode excerpts and summaries.
• Sign up for the free Brain Science Newsletter to get show notes automatically every month. You can also text brainscience to 55444 to sign up.
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BS 188 features neuroscientist Anil Seth discussing his new book "Being You: A New Science of Consciousness." We have had many guests talk about consciousness, but Seth represents the newer generation who have actually been able to devote their careers to this fundamental question: How does the brain generate conscious experience. His perspective is both practical and illuminating.

Links and References:

• Being You: A New Science of Consciousness by Anil Seth
• Making up the Mind: How the Brain Creates Our Mental World by Chris Frith (BSP 57)
• See also the recent Brain Science series on Consciousness: BS 160-163.
• AnilSeth.com
• Please visit http://brainsciencepodcast.com for additonal references and episode transcripts.

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Announcements:

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BS 187 features bestselling author and neuroscientist David Eagleman. We talk about his latest book "Livewired: The Inside Story of the Ever-Changing Brain." It is a great overview of the current science of brain plasticity appropriate for both new listeners and longtime fans.

Links and References:

• Livewired: The Inside Story of the Ever-Changing Brain by David Eagleman
• More from David Eagleman
  • author website at https://eagleman.com
  • Incognito: The Secret Lives of the Brain by David Eagleman (interviewed in BSP 75: see extras in the mobile app)
  • The Brain (PBS, DVD)
  • The Brain: The Story of You by David Eagleman (companion to TV series)
• Please visit http://brainsciencepodcast.com for additonal references and episode transcripts.

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• Check out the free Brain Science Mobile app for iOS, Android, and Windows. (It's a great way to get both new episodes and premium content.) Extras for this episode include access to BSP 75.
• Brain Science comes out on 4th Friday each month.
• Support Brain Science by buying Are You Sure? The Unconscious Origins of Certainty by Virginia "Ginger" Campbell, MD. (Autographed copies are available)
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This month's episode features Mark Humphries, author of "The Spike: An Epic Journey Through the Brain in 2.1 Seconds." We explore how the brain uses electrical signaling in surprising ways, beginning with a look at how an action potential (aka. "the spike") is produced. Then we consider what Humphries calls "the dark neurons," which are neurons that rarely generate spikes. We explore their role and also how it relates to the brain's spontaneous activity. One of the more surprising recent discoveries in neuroscience is that most of the brain's activity does not appear to be caused by external stimuli. It is not a passive receiver of information and this has profound implications for our understanding of things like how the brain generates conscious experience.

This episode is for listeners of all backgrounds.

Links and References:

• The Spike: An Epic Journey Through the Brain in 2.1 Seconds by Mark Humphries
• Humphries Lab at the University of Nottingham
• Please visit http://brainsciencepodcast.com for additonal references and episode transcripts.

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• Learn more ways to support Brain Science at http://brainsciencepodcast.com/donations
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• Check out the free Brain Science Mobile app for iOS, Android, and Windows. (It's a great way to get both new episodes and premium content.)
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This month's episode of Brain Science is an interview with Dr. Stephen Fleming, author of "Know Thyself: The Science of Self-Awareness." We explore the concept of metacognition and learn that while explicit metacognition (thinking about thinking) may be unique to humans, it is built on building blocks shared with other species. We also explore what can go wrong and why it matters.

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Links and References:

• Know Thyself: The Science of Self-Awareness by Stephen M Fleming
• Making up the Mind: How the Brain Creates Our Mental World by Chris Frith (2007). Frith was interviewed in BSP 57
• Cognitive Gadgets: The Cultural Evolution of Thinking by Cecilia Heyes (2018). Heyes was interviewed in BS 168.
• Please visit http://brainsciencepodcast.com for additonal references and episode transcripts.

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• Send email to brainsciencepodcast@gmail.com

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In this month's episode of Brain Science, neuroscientist Mark Solms talks about his new book "The Hidden Spring: A Journey to the Origins of Consciousness." Solms was inspired by the pioneering work of Jaak Panksepp who argued that the origins of consciousness can be traced to the brainstem. In his new book Solms presents the evidence for this viewpoint and explains how the work of computational neuroscientist Karl Friston has provided additional support. We consider the implications for our understanding of both human consciousness and our appreciation for the consciousness of other animals.

Links and References:

• The Hidden Spring: A Journey to the Source of Consciousness by Mark Solms
  • Mark Solms: University of Cape Town, South Africa
• Affective Neuroscience: The Foundations of Human and Animal Emotions by Jaak Panksepp (BS 134)
• The Archaeology of Mind: Neuroevolutionary Origins of Human Emotions by Jaak Panksepp and Lucy Biven (BSP 91)
• Solms, M; Friston, K; (2018) How and why consciousness arises: Some considerations from physics and physiology. Journal of Consciousness Studies , 25 (5-6) pp. 202-238. (Download PDF)
• Please visit http://brainsciencepodcast.com for additonal references and episode transcripts.

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• Email Dr. Campbell if you want to help with improving the Brain Science website or request new features.
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Jeff Hawkins has spent nearly twenty years on a quest to discover how the brain's cortex generates intelligence. In this episode he talks about his new book A Thousand Brains: A New Theory of Intelligence, which describes some of his most recent research in a way that is accessible to readers of all backgrounds.

Links and References:

• A Thousand Brains: A New Theory of Intelligence by Jeff Hawkins
• Detailed References on Numenta website
• Please visit http://brainsciencepodcast.com for additonal references and episode transcripts.

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Announcements:

• Brain Science comes out on 4th Friday each month.
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• Learn more ways to support Brain Science at http://brainsciencepodcast.com/donations
• Sign up for the free Brain Science Newsletter to get show notes automatically every month. You can also text brainscience to 55444 to sign up.
• Check out the free Brain Science Mobile app for iOS, Android, and Windows. (It's a great way to get both new episodes and premium content.)
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This month's episode of Brain Science features Iris Berent, author of "The Blind Storyteller: How We Reason About Human Nature." We explore how our deeply entrenched biases toward dualism and essentialism impact our attitudes toward neuroscience and toward problems like mental illness.

Links and References:

• The Blind Storyteller: How We Reason About Human Nature by Iris Berent
• A Skeptic's Guide to the Mind: What Neuroscience Can and Cannot Tell Us About Ourselves by Robert Burton
• In BS 96 Dr. Burton raised similar issues to those mentioned in this episode
• Iris Berent at Northeastern University: publications
• Please visit http://brainsciencepodcast.com for additonal references and episode transcripts.

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• Learn more ways to support Brain Science at http://brainsciencepodcast.com/donations
• Sign up for the free Brain Science Newsletter to get show notes automatically every month. You can also text brainscience to 55444 to sign up.
• Check out the free Brain Science Mobile app for iOS, Android, and Windows. (It's a great way to get both new episodes and premium content.)
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This month's episode of Brain Science features Sir Simon Baron-Cohen, one of the world's leading researchers on the neuroscience of autism. We discuss his latest book "The Pattern Seekers: How Autism Drives Human Invention." This book reminds us that many different kinds of science can enrich our lives and our understanding of what it means to be human.

Sir Baron-Cohen explores the overlap between the human ability to invent and experiment and the condition that is currently called autism. Autism is often seen as a deficit in social cognition or empathy, but Baron-Cohen shows convincingly that there is a significant overlap between autism and what he calls extreme systemizing. Because systemizing or pattern recognition drives the human ability to constantly invent new technologies, it appears to compliment social skills such as empathy. Sir Baron-Cohen share the evidence that people tend to be stronger in one area or the other. Most importantly, he emphasizes that autism is not necessarily a disabling condition because those with extremely strong pattern recognition skills can make many valuable contributions.

Links and References:

• The Pattern Seekers: How Autism Drives Human Invention by Simon Baron-Cohen

• Greenberg DM, Warrier V, Allison C, Baron-Cohen S. Testing the Empathizing-Systemizing theory of sex differences and the Extreme Male Brain theory of autism in half a million people. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2018 Nov 27;115(48):12152-12157. doi: 10.1073/pnas.1811032115. Epub 2018 Nov 12. PMID: 30420503; PMCID: PMC6275492.

• Sir Simon Baron-Cohen, PhD. University of Cambridge (UK)
• Please visit http://brainsciencepodcast.com for additonal references and episode transcripts.

Bonus Content:

• Listen to BS 99 with Temple Grandin via the free Brain Science mobile app. Download the app from your favorite App Store.

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Announcements:

• Brain Science comes out on 4th Friday each month.
• Support Brain Science by buying Are You Sure? The Unconscious Origins of Certainty by Virginia "Ginger" Campbell, MD. (Autographed copies are available)
• Learn more ways to support Brain Science at http://brainsciencepodcast.com/donations
• Sign up for the free Brain Science Newsletter to get show notes automatically every month. You can also text brainscience to 55444 to sign up.
• Check out the free Brain Science Mobile app for iOS, Android, and Windows. (It's a great way to get both new episodes and premium content.)
• Send email to brainsciencepodcast@gmail.com or post voice feedback at http://speakpipe.com/docartemis.
• Please check out Dr. Campbell's other podcasts: Books and Ideas and Graying Rainbows where ever you get your favorite audio.

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This month's episode of Brain Science is an interview with neuroscientists E. Bruce Goldstein, author of "The Mind: Consciousness, Prediction, and the Brain."

We review some key ideas about how the brain creates the Mind, the important role of unconscious processes and prediction. It is a great starter episode for new listeners and a concise review for longtime fans.

Links and References:

• The Mind: Consciousness, Prediction, and the Brain by E. Bruce Goldstein
• Author website
• Please visit http://brainsciencepodcast.com for additonal references and episode transcripts.

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• Brain Science comes out on 4th Friday each month.
• Support Brain Science by buying Are You Sure? The Unconscious Origins of Certainty by Virginia "Ginger" Campbell, MD. (Autographed copies are available)
• Learn more ways to support Brain Science at http://brainsciencepodcast.com/donations
• Sign up for the free Brain Science Newsletter to get show notes automatically every month. You can also text brainscience to 55444 to sign up.
• Check out the free Brain Science Mobile app for iOS, Android, and Windows. (It's a great way to get both new episodes and premium content.)
• Send email to brainsciencepodcast@gmail.com

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It's time for our 14th Annual Review Episode! Despite the challenges of 2020, it has been an outstanding year for Brain Science: the show passed 11 million downloads and Dr. Campbell released of second edition of Are You Sure? The Unconscious Origins of Certainty.

This episode is also a great introduction for new listeners. It can be enjoyed even if you haven't listened to the episodes being discussed. A free transcript is also available for this episode.

Here is a list of this year's episodes:

• BS 165 (encore) Stephen L. Macknik and Susana Martinez-Conde, authors of Sleights of Mind: What the Neuroscience of Magic Reveals about Our Everyday Deceptions
• BS 166 Stephen Macknik describes new a visual prosthesis
• BS 167 Stanislas Dehaene, author of How We Learn: Why Brains Learn Better Than Any Machine . . . for Now
• BS 168 Cecelia Heyes, author of Cognitive Gadgets: The Cultural Evolution of Thinking
• BS 169 (encore) R. Douglas Fields The Other Brain
• BS 170 Andreas Nieder, author of The Number Instinct
• BS 171 Matthew Cobb, author of The Idea of the Brain: The Past and Future of Neuroscience
• BS 172 György Buzsáki, author of The Brain from Inside Out
• BS 173 Excerpt from Are You Sure? The Unconscious Origins of Certainty by Virginia "Ginger" Campbell
• BS 174 Georg Northoff, author of The Spontaneous Brain: From the Mind–Body to the World–Brain Problem
• BS 175 Carol Tavris, co-author of Mistakes Were Made (but not by me)- an exploration of cognitive dissonance
• BS 176 Seth Grant explains synapse complexity
• BS 177 Bernard Baars and David Edelman talk about consciousness
• BS 178 Peter Sterling, author of What Is Health?: Allostasis and the Evolution of Human Design

Note: the transcript for this episode is Free. Additional show notes and more episode transcripts are available at brainsciencepodcast.com.

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• Sign up for the free Brain Science Newsletter to get show notes automatically every month. You can also text brainscience to 55444 to sign up.
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This month's episode of Brain Science features neuroscientist Peter Sterling sharing the key ideas for his new book What Is Health? Allostasis and the Evolution of Human Design. In recent years neuroscientists have developed a growing appreciation of the predictive functions of the brain. Sterling takes this principle to the next level by asking what this means for human health. He argues that medicine's traditional focus on homeostasis ignores the much larger role of what he calls allostasis, which is a word he actually coined many years ago to capture the idea that the brain's predictive function is critical to health.

His book explores the ancient origins of both allostasis and homeostasis with an emphasis on why recent changes in the human life style contribute to the health problems of modern life.

One goal of this episode is to remind listeners that understanding how the brain works may be the key to our future survival.

Links and References:

• What Is Health? Allostasis and the Evolution of Human Design by Peter Sterling
• Principles of Neural Design by Peter Sterling and Simon Laughlin
• Peter Sterling (University of Pennsylvania)
• Please visit http://brainsciencepodcast.com for additonal references and episode transcripts.

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Announcements:

• Brain Science comes out on 4th Friday each month.
• Support Brain Science by buying Are You Sure? The Unconscious Origins of Certainty by Virginia "Ginger" Campbell, MD. Autographed copies are now available.
• Learn more ways to support Brain Science at http://brainsciencepodcast.com/donations
• Sign up for the free Brain Science Newsletter to get show notes automatically every month. You can also text brainscience to 55444 to sign up.
• Check out the free Brain Science Mobile app for iOS, Android, and Windows. (It's a great way to get both new episodes and premium content.)
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Bernard Baars is a pioneer in the neuroscience of consciousness. He first proposed Global Workspace Theory back in 1980, which was before consciousness was considered an acceptable topic of scientific research. His approach inspired others including the current Global Neuronal Workspace Theory, which I discussed briefly in episode 160. This episode is an interview with Dr. Baars that focuses on his most recent book On Consciousness. He is joined by his colleague David Edelman.

Links and References:

• ON CONSCIOUSNESS: Science & Subjectivity - Updated Works on Global Workspace Theory by Bernard J. Baars
• On Consciousness podcast: on YouTube
• The Ancient Origins of Consciousness: How the Brain Created Experience by Todd E. Feinberg and Jon M. Mallatt (Dr. Mallatt was interviewed in BS 128.)
• Consciousness and the Brain: Deciphering How the Brain Codes Our Thoughts by Stanislas Dehaene (BS 160 and BS 167)
• Please visit http://brainsciencepodcast.com for additonal references and episode transcripts.

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Announcements:

• November 17, 2020 at 4PM Eastern Time: Join Dr. Campbell for a special webinar entitled Embracing Uncertainty: How to Thrive in Uncertain Times. Click here to learn more.
• Brain Science comes out on 4th Friday each month.
• Support Brain Science by buying Are You Sure? The Unconscious Origins of Certainty by Virginia "Ginger" Campbell, MD
• Learn more ways to support Brain Science at http://brainsciencepodcast.com/donations
• Sign up for the free Brain Science Newsletter to get show notes automatically every month. You can also text brainscience to 55444 to sign up.
• Check out the free Brain Science Mobile app for iOS, Android, and Windows. (It's a great way to get both new episodes and premium content.)
• Send email to brainsciencepodcast@gmail.com or post voice feedback at http://speakpipe.com/docartemis.

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This is my fifth interview with molecular biologist and neuroscientist Dr. Seth Grant from The University of Edinburgh. Dr. Grant was recently recognized for his pioneering work by the Federation of European Neuroscientists. He continues to make fundamental discoveries about the structure and function of the synapse and this month we discuss the discovery that synapse complexity and diversity is greater than expected, along with the implications of these discoveries.

Links and References:

• Seth Grant: University of Edinburgh
• FENS EJN Award 2020
• Cizeron M, Qiu Z, Koniaris B, et al. A brainwide atlas of synapses across the mouse life span. Science. 2020;369(6501):270-275. doi:10.1126/science.aba3163
• Please visit http://brainsciencepodcast.com for additonal references and episode transcripts.

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Announcements:

• Coming November 17, 2020: Webinar: "Embracing Uncertainty: How to Thrive in Uncertain Times." Listen to closing announcements to learn more.
• Coming soon! episode compilations based on topic or guest. Look for all Seth Grant's interview next month.
• Brain Science comes out on 4th Friday each month.
• Support Brain Science by buying Are You Sure? The Unconscious Origins of Certainty by Virginia "Ginger" Campbell, MD
• Learn more ways to support Brain Science at http://brainsciencepodcast.com/donations
• Sign up for the free Brain Science Newsletter to get show notes automatically every month. You can also text brainscience to 55444 to sign up.
• Check out the free Brain Science Mobile app for iOS, Android, and Windows. (It's a great way to get both new episodes and premium content.)
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This is the transcript of BS 175 with Carol Tavris co-author of "Mistakes Were Made (but Not by Me) Third Edition: Why We Justify Foolish Beliefs, Bad Decisions, and Hurtful Acts."

Scroll up/down for free audio and shownotes

© Copyright 2020 Virginia A Campbell, MD

This extremely timely episode of Brain Science features an interview with Dr. Carol Tavris, co-author of the newly released third edition of Mistakes Were Made (but Not by Me): Why We Justify Foolish Beliefs, Bad Decisions, and Hurtful Acts. Cognitive Dissonance was actually discovered back in 1956 and it is one of the most well-replicated phenomena in experimental psychology. It also impacts many aspects of our lives, including politics, which is why I am grateful to have Dr. Tavris back on the podcast to help us explore this fascinating, but also disturbing topic.

Links and References:

• Mistakes Were Made (but Not by Me): Why We Justify Foolish Beliefs, Bad Decisions, and Hurtful Acts by Carol Tavris and Elliot Aronson--- add aerio link
• Books and Ideas 43 with Carol Tavris
  • Find this under episode extras in the mobile app
• Please visit http://brainsciencepodcast.com for additional references and episode transcripts.

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Announcements:

• Brain Science comes out on 4th Friday each month.
• Support Brain Science by buying Are You Sure? The Unconscious Origins of Certainty by Virginia "Ginger" Campbell, MD. Click here to buy an autographed copy.
• Learn more ways to support Brain Science at http://brainsciencepodcast.com/donations
• Sign up for the free Brain Science Newsletter to get show notes automatically every month. You can also text brainscience to 55444 to sign up.
• Check out the free Brain Science Mobile app for iOS, Android, and Windows. (It's a great way to get both new episodes and premium content.)
• Send email to brainsciencepodcast@gmail.com or post voice feedback at http://speakpipe.com/docartemis.

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BS 174 is an interview with neuroscientist and philosopher Georg Northoff about his fascinating book "The Spontaneous Brain: From the Mind–Body to the World–Brain Problem." We explore the significance of the growing evidence that most of the brain's activity occurs independently of external stimuli with a focus on the implications of this finding for our understanding of how the brain generates consciousness.

Links and References:

• The Spontaneous Brain: From the Mind–Body to the World–Brain Problem by Georg Northoff
• The Brain from Inside Out by György Buzsáki (BS 172)
• Surfing Uncertainty: Prediction, Action, and the Embodied Mind by Andy Clark (BS 126)
• Northoff G, et al. Is temporal-spatial dynamics the "common currency" of brain and mind? In Quest of "Spatiotemporal Neuroscience". Why Life Rev (2019), https://doi.org/10.1016/j.plrev.2019.05.002 (Link to Abstract)
• Georg Northoff website: http://www.georgnorthoff.com (for videos, talks and additional papers
• Please visit http://brainsciencepodcast.com for additional references and episode transcripts.

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Announcements:

• Brain Science comes out on 4th Friday each month.
• Support Brain Science by buying Are You Sure? The Unconscious Origins of Certainty by Virginia "Ginger" Campbell, MD
  • Post a review on by August 31 to receive an invitation to a special webinar with Dr. Campbell
• Learn more ways to support Brain Science at http://brainsciencepodcast.com/donations
• Sign up for the free Brain Science Newsletter to get show notes automatically every month. You can also text brainscience to 55444 to sign up.
• Check out the free Brain Science Mobile app for iOS, Android, and Windows. (It's a great way to get both new episodes and premium content.)

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In this special episode of Brain Science host Dr Ginger Campbell reads an excerpt from her bestseller "Are You Sure? The Unconscious Origin of Certainty." While it might seem ironic to talk about certainty during these extremely uncertain times, understanding how our brain generates the feeling of knowing or certainty is actually more relevant than ever.

Are You Sure? The Unconscious Origins of Certainty is based on several early episodes of Brain Science and highlights the work of retired neurologist Dr. Robert Burton. Both physicians are fascinated by the surprising discovery that most of what our brain does is outside conscious awareness. They explore the evidence behind this claim as well as its implications. Ultimately they agree that this discovery could encourage us all to have more compassion and tolerance for both ourselves and others.

Links and References:

• Are You Sure? The Unconscious Origins of Certainty by Virginia "Ginger" Campbell, MD (Click here to buy)
• A Skeptic's Guide to the Mind: What Neuroscience Can and Cannot Tell Us About Ourselves (2013) by Robert Burton
• On Being Certain: Believing You Are Right Even When You're Not (2008) by Robert Burton

• Project Implicit at implicit.harvard.edu

• Dr. Campbell video with Jenn Grace: https://youtu.be/-ZY2Tah8EIU
• Recent podcast appearances by Ginger Campbell
  • Neural Implant Podcast
  • Brain Inspired #74
  • More coming soon

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Announcements:

• Thanks to the support of loyal Brain Science listeners, Are You Sure? was the number 1 release in Neuroscience on Amazon for several days and it reached #4 on the Neuroscience best seller list. Click here to buy the book.
• Learn how you can support Brain Science at http://brainsciencepodcast.com/donations
• Sign up for the free Brain Science Newsletter to get show notes automatically every month. You can also text the word brainscience to 55444 to sign up.
• Check out the free Brain Science Mobile app for iOS, Android, and Windows. (It's a great way to get both new episodes and premium content.)
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In this episode I talk with neuroscientist György Buzsáki about his new book The Brain from Inside Out. We explore how abandoning what he calls the "Outside In" approach to understanding the brain can lead to surprising new insights.

Links and References:

• Buzsaki's Lab
• The Brain from Inside Out by György Buzsáki MD PhD
• Rhythms of the Brain by György Buzsáki (BSP 31)
• Please visit http://brainsciencepodcast.com for additional references and episode transcripts.

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Announcements:

• Please mark your calendar for June 16, 2020 to buy the second edition of Are You Sure? The Unconscious Origins of Certainty by Virginia "Ginger Campbell, MD. Everyone who buys the book in June is eligible for a live webinar later this summer.
• Learn how you can support Brain Science at http://brainsciencepodcast.com/donations
• Sign up for the free Brain Science Newsletter to get show notes automatically every month. Don't forget to confirm your subscription!
• Check out the free Brain Science Mobile app for iOS, Android, and Windows. (It's a great way to get both new episodes and premium content.) BSP 31 with Dr. Buzsaki is available FREE as an extra for this episode.
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This is the Premium episode transcript for BS 171 with Matthew Cobb, author of The Idea of the Brain: The Past and Future of Neuroscience.

Scroll to find audio mp3.

This episode of Brain Science is an interview with neuroscientist Matthew Cobb author of "The Idea of the Brain: The Past and Future of Neuroscience."

Cobb approaches the history of neuroscience from a different perspective than previous writers. He writes from the perspective of a working scientist with a deep interest in the history of ideas and the interaction between science and culture. This approach makes for a fascinating discussion.

Through out history assumptions about the brain have been influenced by both culture and contemporary science. For example, before the discovery of electricity it was impossible to image that the brain uses both chemical and electrical signals to communicate. Similarly, our current understanding is heavily influenced by the computer metaphor, which actually misses much about how real brains function.

Another aspect of our discussion involves several ongoing debates with neuroscience such as the importance of localization versus network properties. We also touch on the tendency toward neuromythology, which is the tendency to think that understanding the brain is the only tool for understanding what it means to be human. Dr. Cobb reminds of the importance of being aware of the work in a wide varieties of fields include science and the humanities.

Links and References:

• The Idea of the Brain: The Past and Future of Neuroscience by Matthew Cobb
  • Complete Bibliography at theideaofthebrain.com.
• Please visit http://brainsciencepodcast.com for additional references and episode transcripts.

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Announcements:

• Brain Science comes out on 4th Friday each month.
• The new expanded edition of Are You Sure? The Unconscious Origins of Certainty will be released in early May 2020. Anyone who purchases the book in the first 2 weeks after release will be invited to special live webinar. Subscribe to the free Newsletter for updates.
• To win an Amazon gift certificate: post a review of Brain Science in iTunes and send me a screenshot.
• Learn how you can support Brain Science at http://brainsciencepodcast.com/donations
• Sign up for the free Brain Science Newsletter to get show notes automatically every month.
• Check out the free Brain Science Mobile app for iOS, Android, and Windows. (It's a great way to get both new episodes and premium content.)
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BS 170 is an interview with Andreas Nieder, author of "A Brain for Numbers: The Biology of the Number Instinct." We talk about the surprising discovery that a wide variety of animals have a number instinct, which is called the approximate number system. This appears to provide the basis for the more abstract mathematical abilities that are seen in humans. We also explore the relationship between mathematics and language.

Links and References:

• A Brain for Numbers: The Biology of the Number Instinct by Andreas Nieder
• The Number Sense: How the Mind Creates Mathematics, Revised and Updated Edition (2011) by Stanislas Dehaene
• Please visit http://brainsciencepodcast.com for additional references and episode transcripts.

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Announcements:

• In April 2020 Brain Science returns to a monthly schedule: it return to the 4th Friday of every month.
• The expanded 2nd Edition of Are You Sure? The Unconscious Origins of Certainty will be published in late April or early May. See newsletter below for updates.
• Sign up for the free Brain Science Newsletter to get show notes automatically every month.
• To win an Amazon gift certificate: post a review of Brain Science in iTunes and send me a screenshot.
• Learn how you can support Brain Science at http://brainsciencepodcast.com/donations
• Check out the free Brain Science Mobile app for iOS, Android, and Windows. (It's a great way to get both new episodes and premium content.)
• Send email to brainsciencepodcast@gmail.com or post voice feedback at http://speakpipe.com/docartemis.

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This episode is an exploration of glial cells with R Douglas Fields, author of "The Other Brain: The Scientific and Medical Breakthroughs That Will Heal Our Brains and Revolutionize Our Health." Glial Cells outnumber the neurons in our nervous system, but until the last few years they were thought to merely support cells. Dr. Fields takes us through the discovery that they have their own signaling methods and are much more important than we ever imagined.

This interview first aired in 2010, but Dr. Fields reviewed the original transcript and made no significant corrections. What was once controversial is now mainstream. I recorded a new introduction and summary and I have included some more recent references below.

Links and References:

• The Other Brain: The Scientific and Medical Breakthroughs That Will Heal Our Brains and Revolutionize Our Health by R. Douglas Fields
• Fields, R.D., Bukalo, O. Myelin makes memories. Nat Neurosci(2020).https://www.nature.com/articles/s41593-020-0606-x
• Fields, R.D., The Brain Learns in Unexpected Ways. Scientific American, March 2020.
• See the episode transcript at http://brainsciencepodcast.com for additional links and references.

Please Support Brain Science:

• Learn more at http://brainsciencepodcast.com/donations

Announcements:

• The second, expanded edition of Dr. Campbell's book Are You Sure? The Unconscious Origins of Certainty, will be released on April 28, 2020. Please mark your calendar!
• Brain Science comes out on the 2nd and 4th Friday each month.
• To win an Amazon gift certificate: post a review of Brain Science in iTunes and send me a screenshot.
• The
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