Chemistry For Your Life

Question and Response 72

Melissa and Jam tackle a variety of listener questions about chemistry-related topics. They discuss the differences between conductors, semiconductors, and superconductors, and delve into why minty things feel cold and spicy things feel hot. The duo also addresses the safety of silica gel packets, the potency of skunk spray, and the phenomenon of microplastics. They answer questions from their Patreon community and Instagram followers, touching on the unique properties of Helium-3 and providing tips on polishing silver jewelry. The episode features a blend of informative discussions and humorous anecdotes, making chemistry accessible and entertaining for everyone.

00:00 Introduction and Questions Overview
01:54 Diving into Semiconductors and Superconductors
04:46 Silica Gel and Safety Concerns
09:54 The Science Behind Minty Cool and Spicy Hot
13:40 Addressing Unfinished Business
13:55 Instagram Questions: Skunks and Their Potent Smell
15:47 Instagram Questions: Microplastics and Forensics
17:39 Instagram Questions: Helium-3 and Its Uses
19:55 Instagram Questions: Polishing Silver Jewelry
21:28 Email Question: Sourdough Bread Making Tips
25:32 Wrapping Up and Community Shoutouts

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References from the Episode:

1. 1. https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11856799/#B9-jcm-14-01345
   2. https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/chemistry/hydrocolloid
   3. https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC5788207/

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Melissa and Jam delve into the chemistry behind popular hydrocolloid bandages and pimple patches. They discuss the composition and functionality of these bandages, exploring how polymers and polar groups work to keep wounds moist and free from external contaminants. The episode also highlights the trend of using pimple patches, especially among teens, and addresses the additional features some patches include, such as microneedles with active ingredients. Melissa shares personal anecdotes about dealing with skin issues and Jam reflects on his own experiences with sickness. The episode concludes with a shout-out to their community members and the importance of public support in keeping the show running.

00:00 The Painful Reality of Pimples
00:59 Pimple Patches: The New Trend
04:00 Shingles: A Personal Experience
07:52 The Science Behind Hydrocolloid Bandages
22:33 Analogies and Polymers
24:32 Hydrocolloid Bandages and Wound Care
26:43 Pimple Patches and Active Ingredients
30:01 Personal Stories and Sickness
35:55 Birthdays and Personal Preferences
40:44 Community and Support

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References from the Episode:

1. 1. https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11856799/#B9-jcm-14-01345
   2. https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/chemistry/hydrocolloid
   3. https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC5788207/

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#127 Rebroadcast

If you've ever had acne, you've probably tried some creams or washes with "benzoyl peroxide" somewhere on the label. How is it that this specific ingredient is helpful for fighting acne? What is happening at the molecular level when we apply some benzoyl peroxide to our acne? Let's find out!

References from this episode

1. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3791156/
2. https://www.jaad.org/article/S0190-9622(81)70004-5/pdf
3. https://youtu.be/_Mlv2Q_HiM0
4. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK537220/
5. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21076800/
6. https://www-sciencedirect-com.libproxy.library.unt.edu/topics/neuroscience/benzoyl-peroxide
7. https://www.acs.org/content/dam/acsorg/education/resources/highschool/chemmatters/issues/2016-2017/December%202016/chemmatters-dec2016-acne.pdf
8. https://youtu.be/KrMbwDil1hc
9. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC171487/pdf/aac00071-0086.pdf
10. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5697687/#jde13996-bib-0006
11. https://youtu.be/IyxTc0iZ6V8?t=1066s
12. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5697687/#jde13996-bib-0006

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Melissa and Jam delve into the intricate phenomenon of static electricity. They discuss their own experiences with static shocks and static cling, particularly in the winter months. They explain the concept of contact electrification and the tribal electric effect, providing basic explanations along with why these do not fully account for everything we observe. They highlight recent scientific research, revealing that much about static electricity remains a mystery, including why it occurs more in some materials than others and how friction affects it. The podcast also explores practical examples and ways static electricity impacts everyday life, such as in winter clothing, camp blankets, coffee grinding, and even industrial settings.

00:00 Introduction and Winter Talk
00:24 Static Shock Experiences
01:39 Welcome to Chemistry for Your Life
03:49 Understanding Static Electricity
06:06 Static Electricity in Everyday Life
12:14 Recent Research on Static Electricity
18:44 Understanding Static Electricity
19:26 Challenges in Studying Static
20:19 Experiments and Observations
22:58 Static in Everyday Life
24:28 Water and Static Electricity
25:58 Personal Experiences with Static
28:52 Conclusion and Community Engagement

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References from the Episode:

1. 1. https://news.northwestern.edu/stories/2019/09/solving-the-longstanding-mystery-of-how-friction-leads-to-static-electricity 
   2. https://www.nature.com/articles/d41586-025-00298-7 
   3. https://www.sciencealert.com/we-finally-know-what-creates-static-electricity-after-thousands-of-years 
   4. https://link.aps.org/accepted/10.1103/PhysRevLett.123.116103 
   5. https://www.mcgill.ca/oss/article/environment-general-science/how-can-i-stop-getting-static-shocks 
   6. https://www.acs.org/pressroom/presspacs/2025/january/research-update-generating-electricity-from-tacky-tape.html 
   7. https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/acsomega.2c05629 
   8. https://case.edu/news/why-does-rubbing-balloon-your-hair-make-it-stick 
   9. https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-024-08530-6 
   10. https://youtu.be/-Buz6Sp2YTg 
   11. https://www.canr.msu.edu/news/only_you_can_prevent_combine_fires
   12. https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/acs.nanolett.4c03656

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Melissa and Jam discuss the top three kitchen products and habits Melissa avoids and loves based on her expertise in chemistry. She advises against using Teflon or non-stick cookware, vintage plastics, and recycling dirty materials. Instead, she encourages using cast iron pans, glass storage containers, and proper recycling practices. Melissa also shares her fondness for composting and its benefits. The episode wraps up with a hint at future editions focused on other household products and cosmetics.

00:00 Introduction and Initial Concerns
01:06 Chemist's Top Three Avoidances
02:49 Avoiding Teflon and Non-Stick
03:34 Avoiding Vintage Plastic
05:14 Avoiding Dirty Recycling
07:33 Chemist's Top Three Favorites
08:31 Bonus: The Joy of Composting
13:11 Wrapping Up and Listener Engagement

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Melissa and Jam discuss the chemistry behind Poopourri Toilet Spray. Melissa explains how the spray works by forming a non-polar oil layer on top of water, preventing smelly polar molecules like skatole and sulfur compounds from escaping into the air. They also touch upon the practical applications and personal experiences of using the product, making everyday bathroom visits more pleasant. Throughout the episode, the hosts delve into the chemistry of solubility and intermolecular forces, providing an engaging and informative lesson on an often-overlooked subject.

00:00 Introduction to Poopourri Toilet Spray
00:30 Personal Experiences with Bathroom Sprays
01:05 Chemistry Behind Poopourri
06:37 The Science of Smelly Molecules
11:10 How Poopourri Works
17:31 Exploring Gas Density and Surface Tension
18:44 Summarizing the Chemistry Lesson
18:49 Understanding Smelly Compounds
20:49 The Role of Polar and Non-Polar Molecules
22:54 Effectiveness of Odor-Blocking Sprays
24:26 Discussing Memorable Smells
31:26 Wrapping Up and Community Shoutouts

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#072 Rebroadcast

You know what they say, everyone's experienced odors, and 99.99% of all odors smell. We have room sprays, candles, air fresheners, etc. But how can we absorb or eliminate bad smells? Can chemistry do it? How? Let's find out!

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References from this episode

1.  https://www.acs.org/content/dam/acsorg/education/outreach/celebrating-chemistry/2016-cced-celebrating-chemistry-english.pdf
2. Structure-Scavenging Abilities of Cyclodextrin-Based Polyurethanes by Sandra K. Young, Peter L. Vajda, Eugene Napadensky, Dawn M. Crawford, James M. Sloan, and Samuel F. Trevino
3. ACS - reactions https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=sNIIxzR-d_Q&feature=youtu.be
4. https://helix.northwestern.edu/blog/2015/06/take-whiff-chemistry#:~:text=Febreze%2C%20along%20with%20many%20other,cyclodextrin%20(%CE%B2%2Dcyclodextrin).&text=The%20cyclodextrin%20molecule%20can%20be,oily%E2%80%9D%20and%20immiscible%20with%20water

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Melissa and Jam delve into the science behind lip balm, investigating whether products like Chapstick and Burt's Bees are beneficial or if they could be causing more harm. They explore the ingredients commonly found in these products, discuss what to avoid for chapped lips, and share dermatologist-recommended alternatives for effective lip care.

00:00 Introduction to the Lip Balm Scam
00:44 Meet the Hosts and Podcast Introduction
01:37 Community Shoutout and Announcements
04:07 The Chapstick Scam Inquiry
08:17 Understanding Chapped Lips
09:50 Ingredients in Lip Balms
16:42 Burt's Bees and Other Lip Balm Brands
23:31 The Irritation Dilemma
23:49 Ingredients to Look For
24:23 Chapstick vs. Burt's Bees
26:31 Petroleum Jelly Insights
29:36 Dermatologist Recommendations
32:01 Personal Lip Care Tips
38:14 Cosmetic Preferences and Hair Care
43:57 Supporting the Show

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References from this episode:

1. https://www.fda.gov/cosmetics/cosmetic-ingredients/allergens-cosmetics#common
2. https://www.aad.org/public/everyday-care/skin-care-basics/dry/heal-dry-chapped-lips
3. https://www.burtsbees.com/product/beeswax-lip-balm/ (in the stick form)
4. https://www.burtsbees.com/product/moisturizing-retro-lip-balm-tin/#792850651531-Beeswax (in the tin form) 
5. https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC3120007/
6. https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8060673/
7. https://www.sigmaaldrich.com/US/en/sds/sial/p5566?srsltid=AfmBOorfW5-Pot-l-yKCmfHp7Nco5xawnc8sXApICL2UfdR-Q6h9wQYb
8. https://www.sigmaaldrich.com/US/en/sds/aldrich/w266507?userType=undefined
9. https://www.fishersci.com/store/msds?partNumber=AC119111000&countryCode=US&language=en
10. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34561893/
11. https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC3120007/
12. https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/15569527.2023.2275022
13. https://www.medscape.com/viewarticle/521353_5?form=fpf
14. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27090066/
15. https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/ics.12583
16. https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/cod.13131
17. https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/15569527.2023.2275022
18. https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6064031/
19. https://www.chapstick.com/products/chapstick-classic-lip-moisturizer

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Melissa and Jam tackle a range of fascinating chemistry questions from their audience in this episode of 'Chemistry For Your Life'. They discuss why glass is transparent, how some foods make our mouth feel hot or cold, and the science behind decaffeinating coffee. Along the way, they share insights about their popular 'ghost holding an Erlenmeyer Flask' merch and highlight the importance of ad placements and community support for the podcast. Tune in to learn all about the chemistry behind these everyday phenomena!

00:00 Introduction and Overview
00:11 Chemistry Questions and Topics
01:27 Merchandise and Halloween Special
03:05 Community Questions and Answers
03:42 Glass Transparency Explained
04:50 Chemistry in Everyday Life
06:56 Spicy and Cool Sensations
09:38 Moisturizers and Healing Ointments
16:19 Understanding Poisons
17:29 Understanding Defense Systems and Poison Dosage
18:32 The Fascinating Effects of Poisons
20:19 Decaffeination Methods Explained
22:43 Exploring Hot Tub Chemicals and pH Indicators
27:33 Addressing Ad Placement Feedback
32:59 Supporting the Podcast and Community

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References from this episode:

1. https://courses.ems.psu.edu/matse81/node/2154

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Melissa and Jam discuss the science behind moisturizers and how they help with dry skin. The conversation covers the role of occlusives like petroleum jelly, humectants such as glycerin, and emollients in skincare. They also explore the importance of staying hydrated and the effect of environmental factors on skin moisture. Listeners can learn about the distinct mechanisms that moisturizers use to keep skin hydrated and healthy.

00:00 Introduction and Personal Experiences with Dry Skin
01:23 Understanding Moisturizers: What Do They Really Do?
01:56 Welcome to Chemistry for Your Life
02:07 Shoutout to Our Newest Community Member
03:37 Transitioning from Summer to Winter: The Importance of Moisturizers
04:27 The Science Behind Moisturizers: Intermolecular Forces
08:20 How Moisturizers Work: Trapping Moisture and Skin Oils
11:23 The Role of Water and Oils in Skin Hydration
21:22 Understanding Humectants
23:06 The Role of Occlusives in Skincare
24:03 Exploring Emollients
26:34 The Importance of Moisturizing
27:14 Chemistry Behind Moisturizers
28:50 Personal Experiences and Tips
44:41 Final Thoughts and Community Shoutouts

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References from this episode:

1. https://www.compoundchem.com/2015/07/21/moisturisers/
2. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29319217/
3. https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/jocd.12490#accessDenialLayout
4. https://illumin.usc.edu/the-chemistry-behind-moisturizers/
5. https://research-ebsco-com.libproxy.library.unt.edu/c/id67n2/viewer/pdf/2oe2i2o6qn?route=details
6. https://www.acs.org/pressroom/reactions/library/moisturizer.html

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Melissa and Jam explore the science behind shooting stars, unraveling the chemistry that turns space rocks into brilliant streaks of light in our night sky. They discuss how meteors heat up and glow as they enter Earth’s atmosphere, the difference between meteors, meteoroids, and meteorites, and share fun facts about colorful meteors and the surprising role of amino acids from space. The episode is filled with personal stories, space trivia, and thoughtful tangents about the ethics of asteroid mining and the wonder of the universe.

00:00 Stargazing and Summer Memories
03:20 Meet the Hosts
05:00 Chemistry for Your Life Merch
07:00 Camping Stories & Inspiration
10:00 Chemistry of Gases and Atmosphere
13:00 What Are Shooting Stars?
18:00 The Science of Meteor Glow
23:00 Fun Facts: Colors, Metals, and Amino Acids
30:00 Asteroid Mining & Space Ethics
36:00 Favorite Space Stories
43:00 Listener Shoutouts & Support
47:00 Final Thoughts & Wrap-Up

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References from this episode:

Thanks to our monthly supporters

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#067 Rebroadcast (Originally Aired October 2020)

Guess what time of year it is. It's spooky time! One thing we see a lot of during this time of year, is things that glow. And you better believe that's chemistry. So how do glowsticks glow? How does bending the glowsticks start that process? What's mixing with what, and seriously how the heck does it glow? Let's find out.

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References from this episode

1. Organic Chemistry, Solomons 11e
2. Quantitative Chemical Analysis, Daniel C. Harris
3. Simple Glowmatography: Chromatographic Separation of GlowStick Dyes Using Chalk - Thomas S. Kuntzleman,* Kasey R. Bunker, and Ashlee A. Bartlett
4. https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/neuroscience/fluorescence
5. https://ocw.mit.edu/high-school/chemistry/demonstrations/videos/anatomy-of-a-glowstick/glowstick.pdf
6. Glowmatography - Thomas S. Kuntzleman,* Anna E. Comfort, and Bruce W. Baldwin

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Melissa and Jam delve into the fascinating chemistry behind fireflies' bioluminescence. They explore how fireflies produce light through a complex series of chemical reactions involving specific molecules like luciferin and enzymes like luciferase. The discussion extends to how these mechanisms find applications in scientific research, such as identifying tumors in mice. The episode is interspersed with nostalgic summer stories, making it a blend of chemistry education and personal anecdotes.

00:00 Nostalgic Summer Evenings
00:33 Fireflies and Childhood Wonder
01:04 Introduction to Firefly Chemistry
02:22 Shoutout to Ash and Podcast Tips
03:58 Diving into Bioluminescence
04:52 The Chemistry Behind Firefly Light
11:17 Understanding Acid-Base Reactions
16:13 The Role of Luciferase
18:43 The Unstable Four-Membered Ring
28:39 Understanding Molecular Structures
29:33 The Instability of Molecular Rings
33:39 Fireflies and Bioluminescence
40:53 Applications in Medical Science
45:37 Nostalgic Summer Memories
52:48 Supporting the Show and Final Thoughts

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References from this episode:

1. https://www.chemistryworld.com/podcasts/luciferin/3005839.article
2. https://www.science.org/content/article/watch-chemistry-behind-how-fireflies-glow
3. https://journals.aps.org/prl/abstract/10.1103/PhysRevLett.113.258103
4. https://youtu.be/pTPMwZK2-yM
5. https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jacs.5b03820
6. https://pubs-acs-org.libproxy.library.unt.edu/doi/10.1021/jp301910p
7. https://chemistry-europe-onlinelibrary-wiley-com.libproxy.library.unt.edu/doi/10.1002/cphc.201300330
8. https://chemistry-europe-onlinelibrary-wiley-com.libproxy.library.unt.edu/doi/10.1002/cphc.201200195
9. https://iubmb-onlinelibrary-wiley-com.libproxy.library.unt.edu/doi/10.1002/iub.134
10. https://chemistry-europe-onlinelibrary-wiley-com.libproxy.library.unt.edu/doi/10.1002/cbic.200500443
11. https://www.chemistryworld.com/news/rainbow-makers/3003381.article
12. https://www.acs.org/molecule-of-the-week/archive/f/firefly-luciferin.html

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Melissa and Jam dive into a variety of listener-submitted questions. They discuss the science behind fluffy shave ice versus mainland shaved ice, the effectiveness and safety of ozone treatments for smoke smells, and the potential impact of glyphosate on human health. They also explore the chemistry of everyday items like rinse aid in dishwashers, different types of soap, and even hypothetical scenarios involving bleach and gasoline. Melissa provides insights based on her knowledge as a chemist, offering a fascinating look into the chemistry of our everyday life.

00:00 Introduction and Listener Questions
00:29 Chemistry of Shave Ice
06:58 Ozone Treatment for Cigarette Smell
12:15 Glyphosate and Its Effects
21:32 Rinse Aid in Dishwashers
24:02 Concerns About Rinse Safety
24:24 Exploring Cleaning Products
26:26 Differences in Soaps and Shampoos
27:27 Chemistry of Hair and Skin Products
32:59 Hypothetical: Bleach vs. Gasoline
37:17 Listener Shoutouts and Anniversary
42:27 Chemistry of Erasable and Invisible Inks
45:22 Supporting the Podcast

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Melissa and Jam explore the science behind why sweat is salty. They discuss personal experiences with sweating, the types of sweat glands, and the chemical processes involved in sweat production. The episode explains how osmosis, ion channels, and salt concentrations contribute to the movement of sweat through sweat glands to the skin's surface. They also touch on evolutionary aspects and the role of sweat in cooling the body. For anyone curious about the chemistry of everyday life, this episode offers an accessible and intriguing explanation.

00:00 Introduction: Why is Sweat Salty?
00:27 Personal Experiences with Sweat
01:32 The Science Behind Sweat
02:00 Meet the Hosts
02:20 Types of Sweat Glands
04:30 How Sweat Reaches the Skin
07:31 The Role of Salt in Sweat
14:20 Health Indicators in Sweat
17:01 Understanding Osmosis and Interstitial Fluid
17:39 Evolutionary Perspective on Sweating
20:01 Mechanism of Sweat Glands
22:41 Sweat Composition and Function
27:39 Personal Sweating Experiences
33:47 Supporting the Show and Community

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References from this episode:

1. https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6773238/
2. https://pubs.rsc.org/en/content/articlehtml/2024/lc/d3lc00874f#cit23
3. https://pubs.acs.org/doi/full/10.1021/acsnano.4c10344

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#050

This week, Melissa and Jam once again look under the armpits of society, this time to explore sweat. Is it cool? Well does it keep us cool? How? At what cost? Is there more to sweat than meets the eye? Can you drink it? Grab your sweat bands and let's hit the track Paulie Bleeker.

References from this episode

1. Flexible and Superwettable Bands as a Platform toward Sweat Sampling and Sensing - Analytical Chemistry - Xuecheng He, Tailin Xu, Zhen Gu, Wei Gao, Li-Ping Xu, Tingrui Pan, and Xueji Zhang
2. A Fully Integrated and Self-Powered Smartwatch for Continuous Sweat Glucose Monitoring - ACS Sensors - Jiangqi Zhao, Yuanjing Lin, Jingbo Wu, Hnin Yin Yin Nyein, Mallika Bariya, Li-Chia Tai, Minghan Chao, Wenbo Ji, George Zhang, Zhiyong Fan, and Ali Javey
3. General Chemistry, Edition 2 - Flowers, Theopold, Langley, Robinson

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In this continuation of our two-part series, Melissa and Jam dive into the intriguing chemistry behind color film and Polaroid photography. The episode picks up from the previous discussion on black and white film, focusing on color theory and how it applies to both traditional and instant photography. Listeners will learn about the science of additive and subtractive colors, how multiple layers of dye-sensitized silver halide work together to capture images, and the unique processes involved in developing these images. For those fascinated by the intersection of chemistry and photography, this episode is a must-listen.

00:00 Introduction and Recap
01:42 Understanding Color Theory
05:08 Additive and Subtractive Colors
07:00 Color Photography Basics
08:45 Film Development Process
13:03 Negative and Positive Images
17:33 Practical Applications and Examples
23:28 Understanding Negative Images in Photography
24:26 Principles of Color Photography
25:22 Exploring Color Negatives and Filters
27:14 Layers and Sensitizers in Color Film
29:51 The Development Process of Color Film
34:22 Introduction to Polaroid Photography
35:20 The Chemistry Behind Polaroid Development
40:06 Fascination with Photography and Color Theory
40:50 Favorite Black and White TV Shows
44:12 Closing Remarks and Community Shoutouts

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References from this episode:

1. https://pubs-acs-org.libproxy.library.unt.edu/doi/epdf/10.1021/ed052p622?ref=article_openPDF
2. https://pubs-acs-org.libproxy.library.unt.edu/doi/10.1021/acs.jchemed.6b00400
3. https://pubs-acs-org.libproxy.library.unt.edu/doi/10.1021/ed081p694
4. https://edu.rsc.org/experiments/making-a-photographic-print-using-silver-chloride/454.article
5. https://www.acs.org/content/dam/acsorg/education/resources/highschool/chemmatters/articlesbytopic/metals%20and%20nonmetals/chemmatters-feb2006-digital-photo.pdf
6. https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Rolf-Steiger/publication/279964154_CHEMICAL_SENSITIZATION_OF_SILVER_BROMIDE/links/5a7d8b55aca272341aef2f6f/CHEMICAL-SENSITIZATION-OF-SILVER-BROMIDE.pdf
7. https://www.acs.org/education/celebrating-chemistry-editions/2024-ncw/chemistry-of-polaroids.html
8. https://cen.acs.org/articles/87/i12/Instant-Film.html
9. https://www.acs.org/education/whatischemistry/landmarks/land-instant-photography.html
10. https://pubs-acs-org.libproxy.library.unt.edu/doi/epdf/10.1021/ed051p72?ref=article_openPDF

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Melissa and Jam tackle a variety of questions and corrections from their listeners. They dive into topics such as the effectiveness of baking soda and vinegar as cleaning agents, the science behind kombucha carbonation, the structural differences in Panko breadcrumbs, and how polymer clays harden in the oven versus air dry clay. They also explore fun anecdotes from the community about glow-in-the-dark items and discuss how Monster energy drinks can explode when frozen. The episode provides valuable insights into everyday chemistry while addressing common myths and misconceptions.

00:00 Introduction and Teasers
00:34 Corrections and Community Feedback
02:14 Kombucha Fermentation Discussion
10:31 Baking Soda and Vinegar Cleaning Debate
15:45 Adhesives for Panko Breadcrumbs
16:59 Greek Yogurt and Panko Breadcrumbs Recipe
18:02 The Science Behind Panko Breadcrumbs
19:10 Ozone Layer and COVID-19 Impact
21:43 Exploding Monster Energy Drinks
23:44 Mel's Research and Published Articles
25:23 Polymer Clays and Air Dry Clays
26:50 Alternative Career Choices
31:30 Listener Anecdotes and Community Engagement
34:51 Supporting the Show and Final Thoughts

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Melissa and Jam delve into the fascinating chemistry behind film photography. They reminisce about their childhood experiences with analog cameras and discuss the shift to digital cameras. Melissa, a chemist, explains the complex chemical processes involved in capturing and developing photos on film, focusing on the role of light-sensitive silver bromide. The episode also includes shout-outs to community members who spurred the topic and closes with personal stories and favorite film photos. Get ready to explore the intersection of chemistry and photography while revisiting nostalgia from the days of film cameras.

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References from this episode:

1. https://pubs-acs-org.libproxy.library.unt.edu/doi/epdf/10.1021/ed052p622?ref=article_openPDF
2. https://pubs-acs-org.libproxy.library.unt.edu/doi/10.1021/acs.jchemed.6b00400
3. https://pubs-acs-org.libproxy.library.unt.edu/doi/10.1021/ed081p694
4. https://edu.rsc.org/experiments/making-a-photographic-print-using-silver-chloride/454.article
5. https://www.acs.org/content/dam/acsorg/education/resources/highschool/chemmatters/articlesbytopic/metals%20and%20nonmetals/chemmatters-feb2006-digital-photo.pdf
6. https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Rolf-Steiger/publication/279964154_CHEMICAL_SENSITIZATION_OF_SILVER_BROMIDE/links/5a7d8b55aca272341aef2f6f/CHEMICAL-SENSITIZATION-OF-SILVER-BROMIDE.pdf
7. https://www.acs.org/education/celebrating-chemistry-editions/2024-ncw/chemistry-of-polaroids.html
8. https://cen.acs.org/articles/87/i12/Instant-Film.html
9. https://www.acs.org/education/whatischemistry/landmarks/land-instant-photography.html
10. https://pubs-acs-org.libproxy.library.unt.edu/doi/epdf/10.1021/ed051p72?ref=article_openPDF

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#027 Rebroadcast
Originally Published January 23, 2020

This week, Melissa and Jam dive into the chemistry of something that may not seem like chemistry at first: hair. Curly hair to be specific. What makes hair curl? Also what is hair in the first place? Why can hair be so radically different? Alright curly girls, curly guys, and curly folks, let's find out.

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References from this episode

1. Biochemistry, Edition 4 - Garret and Grisham
2. The Chemistry of Hair - C. S. Whewell, Ph.D., F.R.I.C., F.T.I.
3. The Science of Curls -  Leidamarie Tirado-Lee
4. Bad Hair Days? Chemistry to the Rescue - Marlene M. Gutierrez

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Melissa and Jam dive into the definition and implications of organic foods. They explore what organic means according to USDA standards, dissect common misconceptions about pesticide use, and discuss whether organic produce is actually healthier. This detailed analysis includes Melissa's scientific research process and draws on trusted sources to clarify the nuanced debate around organic foods. Learn about the importance of fruit and vegetable intake, regardless of whether they are organic, and get practical tips for washing produce to minimize pesticide residue.

00:00 Introduction and Recap
00:21 Discussing Organic Foods
00:46 Podcast Setup and Personal Anecdotes
01:41 Health and Diet Insights
04:12 Research and Credibility
07:59 Understanding Organic Standards
22:34 Organic Pesticides and Misconceptions
26:11 Scientific Pettiness and Review Articles
27:41 Engaging Media and Petty Scientists
29:19 Pesticide Residues in Organic vs. Non-Organic Foods
35:14 Nutritional Content of Organic Foods
38:44 Health Impacts and Misconceptions
43:47 Practical Advice and Final Thoughts
55:12 Listener Questions and Community Support

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References from this episode:

1. https://pmc-ncbi-nlm-nih-gov.libproxy.library.unt.edu/articles/PMC5837313/
2. https://www.cancer.gov/news-events/cancer-currents-blog/2020/colorectal-cancer-rising-younger-adultshttps://
3. www.cdc.gov/nchs/fastats/leading-causes-of-death.htmhttps://
4. www.aap.org/en/patient-care/environmental-health/promoting-healthy-environments-for-children/food-safety/https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/cen-v078n011.p011
5. https://pmc-ncbi-nlm-nih-gov.libproxy.library.unt.edu/articles/PMC7019963/#notes3
6. https://pmc-ncbi-nlm-nih-gov.libproxy.library.unt.edu/articles/PMC7146625/
7. https://pmc-ncbi-nlm-nih-gov.libproxy.library.unt.edu/articles/PMC7146577/
8. https://pmc-ncbi-nlm-nih-gov.libproxy.library.unt.edu/articles/PMC3546364/
9. https://www.acpjournals.org/doi/10.7326/0003-4819-157-5-201209040-00007
10. https://www.acpjournals.org/doi/10.7326/0003-4819-158-4-201302190-00018
11. https://www.acs.org/education/chemmatters/past-issues/archive-2013-2014/genetic-organic-food.html
12. https://www.johnson.k-state.edu/programs/lawn-garden/agent-articles-fact-sheets-and-more/agent-articles/environment/organic-does-not-mean-pesticide-free.html
13. https://www-sciencedirect-com.libproxy.library.unt.edu/topics/agricultural-and-biological-sciences/pesticide-residue
14. https://pubs-acs-org.libproxy.library.unt.edu/doi/10.1021/jf103902t

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This episode of 'Chemistry for Your Life' features Melissa and Jam tackling various chemistry questions sourced from the 'Explain Like I'm Five' subreddit. They aim to explain complex chemistry concepts in a manner even a 5-year-old could understand. Questions discussed include why water isn't flammable, how carbonation works, the nature of colors and atoms, cooking processes, caloric changes during cooking, and why drawings on a steamy mirror reappear. The episode emphasizes simplifying complex ideas and making chemistry relatable to everyday life.

00:00 Introduction and Setting the Scene
00:50 Explaining Chemistry Like You're Five
01:31 Welcome to Chemistry for Your Life
02:30 Why Isn't Water Flammable?
07:00 How Does Carbonation Work?
09:48 Are Atoms Different Colors?
13:12 What Happens When Cooking Food?
14:14 Understanding the Science of Cooking
15:12 The Chemistry Behind Frying and Toasting
16:35 Exploring the Role of Ingredients in Cooking
17:57 Calories and Cooking: What Changes?
22:49 The Mystery of Steamy Mirror Drawings
27:06 Wrapping Up and Community Thanks

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Melissa and Jam discuss the multifaceted debate surrounding the use of the widely known weed killer, Roundup, specifically its active ingredient, glyphosate. Prompted by a listener's question, they explore the good, the bad, and the ugly aspects of glyphosate, including its effectiveness in agriculture, potential health risks, and environmental impacts. They delve into scientific studies, regulatory concerns, and personal anecdotes to provide a comprehensive overview of this controversial herbicide.

00:00 Introduction to Weed Killers
01:34 Listener's Question on Glyphosate
03:24 Understanding Glyphosate
08:32 The Good and Bad of Glyphosate
11:09 Health Concerns and Controversies
18:44 Whistleblowing and Evidence on Glyphosate
19:05 Human Health Impacts of Glyphosate
20:37 Environmental Effects of Glyphosate
23:00 Regulatory Considerations and Future Actions
26:16 Personal Decisions and Practical Advice
31:12 Community Engagement and Support

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References from this episode:

1. https://www.chemistryworld.com/podcasts/glyphosate/6885.article
2. https://www.chemistryworld.com/opinion/how-a-herbicide-illustrates-the-many-ways-chemicals-are-put-to-the-test/4021190.article
3. https://www-sciencedirect-com.libproxy.library.unt.edu/science/article/pii/S2152265021001518#coi0001 - Note that The author has been paid as an expert in glyphosate litigation.
4. https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8223940/ Note that author PB acted as consultant for glyphosate producers, on matters not related to glyphosate
5. https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11354939/#notes5 Not notes here, but they essentially said it seems like we need more studies, there seems to be some correlation. 
6. https://www-sciencedirect-com.libproxy.library.unt.edu/science/article/pii/S0048969717330279?casa_token=0V1BAIP8ZFgAAAAA:0O5yGT0FK4sbuZBIhieomHGxbm-0Y_Y7VtoPEaHFcArD9FS3aczcDKHV0nU7KfwA0erzOVNHwA#s0080 - Some salaries paid for by organizations, wasn’t clear their relationship to glyphosate, but no disclosure or conflict of interest statement was made here. 
7. https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/23/9/4605 - No conflicts of interest
8. https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/science.abf7482

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#212

Melissa and Jam explore the concept of ozone and its impact on air quality in airplanes. Melissa explains the chemical reaction of ozone, why it's significant in organic chemistry, and how it can lead to discomfort in air travel by interacting with the oils on our skin. They also discuss various tips for flying and the potential benefits of noise-canceling headphones and lounge access for frequent flyers. The episode sheds light on why people often feel unwell on planes, highlighting the Pigpen Effect, where leftover oils from previous passengers can react with ozone to create a micro-cloud of pollutants.

00:00 Introduction to Ozone Lysis
00:09 Ozone Lysis in Organic Chemistry
00:25 Personal Anecdotes and Misconceptions
01:10 Ozone and Airplane Discomfort
01:49 Chemistry of Airplane Air
02:41 Ozone Lysis and Human Interaction
06:44 Catalytic Converters in Airplanes
11:58 The Pigpen Effect
16:50 Historical Context and Modern Concerns
18:38 Recap and Further Discussion
20:23 Understanding the Pigpen Effect
20:58 Chemical Reactions of Aldehydes and Ketones
22:11 Volatility and Airplane Air Quality
22:42 The Gross Reality of Airplane Seats
23:31 Airplane Hygiene and Mask-Wearing
25:08 Flying Tips and Tricks
29:54 Travel Credit Cards and Lounge Access
34:36 Sleeping on Planes and Noise-Canceling Headphones
37:43 Final Thoughts and Community Engagement

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References from this episode:

1. https://cen.acs.org/safety/consumer-safety/Periodic-Graphics-chemistry-airplane-air/102/i26
2. https://www.acs.org/catalyzing-change/when-a-good-relationship-turns-toxic-ozone-on-airplanes.html
3. https://pubs-acs-org.libproxy.library.unt.edu/doi/full/10.1021/es3046795
4. https://youtu.be/hM9P1_Xuayk?t=107s
5. https://www.faa.gov/sites/faa.gov/files/data_research/research/med_humanfacs/cer/OzonePassengerCabins.pdf
6. https://www.faa.gov/sites/faa.gov/files/data_research/research/med_humanfacs/cer/OzonePassengerCabins.pdf
7. https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC3683839/

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#110 Rebroadcast
Originally Published August 26, 2021

We've all heard about it. And most likely you've heard that it's in danger. But what is the ozone layer in the first place? And once we learn that, how about figuring out why it's in danger? Ok let's do it.

References from this episode

1. https://www.chemistryworld.com/podcasts/ozone/3005901.article
2. https://youtu.be/XGDU6RvUVuk
3. https://www-sciencedirect-com.libproxy.library.unt.edu/topics/earth-and-planetary-sciences/atmospheric-ozone
4. Solomon’s organic chemistry 11th edition
5. https://www.acs.org/content/acs/en/education/resources/highschool/chemmatters/past-issues/archive-2012-2013/ozone-layer-our-global-sunscreen.html

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Question and Response #67

Melissa and Jam dive into a series of chemistry-related questions from their audience. From understanding why wintergreen mints spark in the dark to the science of pregnancy tests and heavy water, the episode covers a broad range of fascinating topics. They also discuss the role of moisturizers, dispel myths about chapstick, and explore the curious case of tumor-related hormones. Additionally, the hosts answer questions related to their educational resources and touch on the advantages of lifelong learning. Join them for an engaging discussion that satisfies both everyday curiosity and scientific intrigue.

00:00 Introduction and Greetings
00:33 Chemistry for Your Life Podcast Begins
00:52 Chemistry Support and Wired Videos
02:23 First Question: Fluorescence and Braces
07:26 Second Question: HCG and Tumors
10:57 Third Question: Heavy Water
12:39 Discussion on Heavy Water and Isotopes
18:06 Movie Reference: The Rookie
20:35 Formal Request: Watch Oppenheimer
21:39 Discussing Movies and Activities
21:59 The Vine and Oppenheimer
23:18 Film Photography Plans
24:07 Moisturizers and Dry Skin
25:53 Chapstick Myths
27:59 Teaching at UNT
30:55 Birdwatching and Lifelong Learning
34:08 Updating the Website
37:39 Resources for Educators
39:49 Closing Remarks and Acknowledgements

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#211

Melissa and Jam delve into the chemistry behind increased flatulence on airplanes. They explore how changes in air pressure affect gas expansion in the human body, leading to more frequent gas release during flights. The discussion covers the physiology of high altitude flatus expulsion (HAFE), personal anecdotes, and practical advice for managing this phenomenon. Additionally, they touch on how airplane cabin air is regulated and hint at more topics related to airplane air quality in the next episode.

00:00 The Unpleasant Reality of Airplane Odors
01:02 Introducing the Chemistry Behind Airplane Gas
01:51 Meet the Hosts and Episode Dedication
02:30 Listener's Question: Why So Gassy on Flights?
03:47 Exploring Air Pressure and Gas Expansion
05:59 The Science of Airplane Cabin Pressure
15:02 Personal Stories and Practical Examples
18:15 Balancing Safety and Comfort in Airplane Cabin Pressure
19:33 The Impact of Carbon Filters on Airplane Seats
20:02 Personal Anecdotes: The Struggles of Holding in Gas
22:53 The Science Behind Gas Pain and Altitude Sickness
29:53 Travel Tips and Memorable Plane Stories
34:41 Wrapping Up and Listener Engagement

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References from this episode:

1. https://www.smithsonianmag.com/air-space-magazine/how-things-work-cabin-pressure-2870604/
2. https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/why-airplane-windows-dont/#:~:text=Gravity%20tends%20to%20keep%20air,hypoxia%2C%20or%20lack%20of%20oxygen.
3. https://cen.acs.org/safety/consumer-safety/Periodic-Graphics-chemistry-airplane-air/102/i26
4. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK207472/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hM9P1_Xuayk&t=1s
5. https://www.acs.org/catalyzing-change/when-a-good-relationship-turns-toxic-ozone-on-airplanes.html
6. https://www.grc.nasa.gov/www/k-12/UEET/StudentSite/dynamicsofflight.html
7. https://www.smithsonianmag.com/air-space-magazine/how-things-work-cabin-pressure-2870604/
8. https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC1272559/
9. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0306987713003204?casa_token=15eE-dbT_SsAAAAA:tapMXnm3_aFXzlYYcuqITcGuq2beGzm8jvGido_IzMZZMdhezweqXyayesk3VBVrg_cq9luDCg

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Chemistry at Home: Chromatography Rebroadcast
Originally Published June 29, 2020

Here's another bonus episode dedicated to teaching a specific chemistry experiment you can do at home. This month, we see what happens when we combine markers, coffee filters, and water. Let's do chemistry!

Watch the experiment here!

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#210

Melissa and Jam dive into the science of home pregnancy tests. They explore the process in which these tests detect the presence of the hormone HCG, which signals a positive pregnancy result. The episode explains the roles of capillary action, antibodies, and enzymes in the test's operation and discusses the specificity needed to avoid false positives and negatives. The hosts also share personal anecdotes related to pregnancy tests and offer gratitude to their supportive community. This episode offers a fascinating look at how everyday chemistry impacts our lives in important ways.

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00:00 Introduction and Personal Experiences with Pregnancy Tests
00:17 Curiosity and Chemistry in Everyday Life
04:18 Acknowledging the Community and Supporters
05:09 The Science Behind Pregnancy Tests
06:33 How Pregnancy Tests Detect Hormones
13:19 Ensuring Accuracy in Pregnancy Tests
22:56 Introduction to the Blue and Yellow Balls Analogy
24:12 Understanding the Antibody Mechanism
26:45 Biotin and Its Impact on Test Results
29:33 Personal Stories and Fun Facts
32:06 The Benefits of the Pee Style Device
37:29 Conclusion and Listener Engagement

References from this episode:

1. https://www.acs.org/pressroom/reactions/library/how-do-pregnancy-tests-work.html
2. https://www.compoundchem.com/2018/11/09/pregnancy-tests/
3. https://www.sigmaaldrich.com/US/en/technical-documents/technical-article/clinical-testing-and-diagnostics-manufacturing/ivd-manufacturing/intro-horseradish-peroxidase-hrp-applications?srsltid=AfmBOorCr6_j7sKr8ZBm3jQa4Rz-PdxyabPLY4OO-KtQJZESFXpdRe19#lateral-flow-assays
4. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK555922/
5. https://www.thermofisher.com/us/en/home/life-science/protein-biology/protein-biology-learning-center/protein-biology-resource-library/pierce-protein-methods/overview-elisa.html#:~:text=The%20most%20commonly%20used%20enzyme,an%20HRP%20or%20AP%20conjugate.

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Ask a Chemist #66

Melissa and Jam dive into a range of listener-submitted questions exploring everyday chemistry. Topics include the chemistry behind toasting herbs, the effect of gravity on elemental bonds, the purpose and ethics of creating elements with short half-lives, and the effectiveness of cough medicine. They also discuss potential causes of mysterious holes in clothing, the debate on food dyes, and the impact of politics on scientific research funding. The hosts wrap up by addressing various listener questions and sharing some heartwarming and supportive messages from their audience.

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00:00 Introduction
01:24 Toasting Herbs: The Chemistry Behind the Flavor
03:05 Gravity's Role in Chemical Bonding
06:44 The Ethics of Creating New Elements
10:17 How Cough Medicine Works
13:06 The Debate on Food Dyes
15:57 The Yellow Cheese Phenomenon
16:35 Colorful Ceviche and Natural Foods
17:58 Chemistry Hot Takes and Listener Questions
19:03 Cleaning Lab Counters and Acid Holes
21:10 Listener Feedback and Podcast Reflections
25:33 Impact of Politics on Science Funding
29:19 Encouraging Messages from Listeners
30:40 Supporting the Podcast and Final Thanks

References from this episode:

1. https://www.rsc.org/news-events/community/2017/jan/new-elements/

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#209

Melissa and Jam dive into the fascinating chemistry behind how plants transport water from their roots to their leaves, effectively defying gravity. They explore processes such as capillary action and the cohesion tension mechanism, citing a primary source from Nature journal. Melissa and Jam also touch on key chemistry concepts like water polarity, hydrogen bonding, and osmosis, providing examples from everyday life. Jam shares a personal story about germinating an apple seed with his son, while Melissa discusses her adventures in native plant gardening. The episode concludes with a shoutout to their Patreon supporters and details on upcoming Chemistry for Your Life merch.

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00:00 Introduction and Tea Talk
00:17 Plants Defying Gravity
01:05 Welcome to Chemistry for Your Life
01:20 Listener Question: Chemistry of Pregnancy Tests
02:11 Capillary Action in Everyday Life
03:57 Personal Stories and Plant Enthusiasm
05:15 Chemistry Lessons: Water Polarity and Hydrogen Bonds
10:32 Water Transport in Plants: Xylem and Capillary Action
16:00 Transpiration and Water Loss in Plants
23:32 Curiosity About Soil and Water Content
24:23 Water Movement in Trees
26:53 Understanding Osmosis
28:37 Practical Applications of Osmosis
31:12 Capillary Action and Plant Water Transport
33:15 Fun Plant Stories and Experiments
41:11 Supporting the Show and Community

References from this episode:

1. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0890856711009531
2. https://www.gao.gov/assets/hrd-82-3.pdf
3. https://pubmed-ncbi-nlm-nih-gov.libproxy.library.unt.edu/23026007/
4. https://www.fda.gov/food/hfp-constituent-updates/fda-revoke-authorization-use-red-no-3-food-and-ingested-drugs
5. https://cen.acs.org/food/food-ingredients/FDA-bans-red3-food-drugs/103/web/2025/01
6. https://www.acs.org/education/chemmatters/past-issues/2015-2016/october-2015/articial-dyes.html
7. https://cen.acs.org/food/food-ingredients/Editorial-Fewer-risky-food-colors/102/i26
8. https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10502305/

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#098 Rebroadcast
Original Air Date: June 3, 2021

Could histamine and antihistamines do more than just affect our allergies? Actually yes. Today we discuss new and recent research in the world of histamine, and believe us, there's some really cool stuff.

References from this episode

1. https://cen.acs.org/articles/91/web/2013/06/Tracking-Histamine-Levels-Glowing-Nanosensors.html
2. https://cen.acs.org/articles/92/web/2014/12/Chemical-Cocktail-Lures-Bedbugs-Coaxes.html
3. https://cen.acs.org/pharmaceuticals/antibiotics/Common-allergy-drug-makes-resistant/97/i24
4. https://pubs.acs.org/doi/abs/10.1021/acs.jafc.8b05515
5. https://www.acs.org/content/acs/en/molecule-of-the-week/archive/h/histamines.html
6. https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jacs.9b03300

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#097 Rebroadcast

Most of us know the feeling. But what are we actually experiencing when we experience allergies? How does being around plants and pollen make us all sniffly? Why does this beautiful season have such a dark side? Let's find out.

References from this episode

1. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK538528/
2. https://www.chemistryworld.com/podcasts/histamine/3005799.article
3. https://www.acs.org/content/acs/en/molecule-of-the-week/archive/h/histamine.html
4. https://cen.acs.org/articles/93/i19/Periodic-Graphics-Allergies-Antihistamines.html

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#208

Melissa and Jam dive deep into the topic of FDA regulations, particularly focusing on food additives like red food dye. They discuss the complexities of the FDA's approval process, the Delaney Clause, and recent changes in the regulation of red dye number 3, which has been banned in response to cancer risks found in rats. They also delve into how other countries like the UK and Canada are ahead of the U.S. in reevaluating approved substances. The episode includes personal anecdotes and a discussion on the role of public awareness in influencing FDA policies. They wrap up with a lighthearted conversation about sprinkles and favorite dyed foods.

00:00 Introduction and FDA Discussion
00:36 Podcast Banter and Hat Story
02:42 FDA's Role and Food Additives
04:48 Red Food Dye Controversy
11:33 FDA Trustworthiness and Public Perception
18:29 Comparing Food Regulations: US vs. Canada
18:50 Trusting the FDA: A Personal Take
20:02 Challenges Faced by the FDA
20:56 Rebranding the FDA: A Fun Idea
22:16 Sprinkles and Donuts: A Sweet Debate
26:51 Favorite Dyed Foods
30:44 Podcast Wrap-Up and Community Shoutouts

References from this episode:

1. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0890856711009531
2. https://www.gao.gov/assets/hrd-82-3.pdf
3. https://pubmed-ncbi-nlm-nih-gov.libproxy.library.unt.edu/23026007/
4. https://www.fda.gov/food/hfp-constituent-updates/fda-revoke-authorization-use-red-no-3-food-and-ingested-drugs
5. https://cen.acs.org/food/food-ingredients/FDA-bans-red3-food-drugs/103/web/2025/01
6. https://www.acs.org/education/chemmatters/past-issues/2015-2016/october-2015/articial-dyes.html
7. https://cen.acs.org/food/food-ingredients/Editorial-Fewer-risky-food-colors/102/i26
8. https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10502305/

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Question and Response 65

Melissa and Jam delve into a variety of interesting chemistry-related questions sourced from Reddit. They explore why farts stop smelling over time, the non-oily nature of Castile soap, why cookies and candies remain safe to eat at room temperature, and the mechanics behind rice cookers. They also discuss how opening a bottle can freeze its contents and offer reassurance to a chemistry Ph.D. student worried about forgetting basic chemistry knowledge. The episode is filled with insightful explanations, humor, and chemistry support, answering the everyday scientific queries of curious Reddit users.

00:00 Introduction and Reddit Questions Overview
01:44 Where Does a Fart Go?
04:01 Why Cookies and Candy Don't Spoil Quickly
07:31 How Do Rice Cookers Work?
10:52 Why Does Opening a Bottle Freeze the Contents?
15:16 How is Castile Soap Not Oily?
17:18 Forgetting Basic Chemistry as a PhD Student
24:35 Conclusion and Listener Engagement

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#207

Melissa and Jam explore why gasoline doesn't freeze in extremely low temperatures while water and other substances do. They delve into the concepts of intermolecular forces, polarity, and how impurities can affect the freezing and melting points of substances. The discussion includes a comparison of the behavior of different substances at varying temperatures, and a light-hearted conversation on favorite liquids that can exist in both liquid and solid states. They also hint at upcoming merchandise related to the topic.

00:00 Introduction and Setting the Scene
00:43 Why Gasoline Doesn't Freeze
03:10 Chemistry Behind Freezing and Melting
06:43 Intermolecular Forces Explained
15:44 Practical Implications and Fun Facts
20:46 Listener Questions and Closing Remarks

References from this episode:

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#011 Rebroadcast

Why is honey sticky but salt isn’t? What’s the difference between things that stick and things that just feel sticky? In this episode, Melissa and Jam dive into the chemistry behind adhesion, cohesion, and the forces that make substances cling to surfaces (and to our fingers). They explore intermolecular forces, viscosity, and why some things are nearly impossible to separate once they’re bonded. Plus, Jam shares a hilarious mix-up of words, and Melissa breaks down why this topic turned out to be trickier than expected!

Topics Covered:

• The difference between adhesion and cohesion

• Intermolecular forces: the unseen power behind stickiness

• Why some things feel sticky while others are just stuck

• How temperature and viscosity affect our experience of stickiness

• Why hydrogen bonding plays a key role in making substances cling

• Listener-submitted answers on the “scientific word for sticky”

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#206

Melissa and Jam address a listener's question about the FDA's reliability in approving products. They discuss the intersection of chemistry, government, and society, focusing on FDA's role in regulating food and drugs. The episode includes a deep dive into the historical thalidomide tragedy, the improvements in the FDA's approval process since then, and the nuances of trusting FDA-approved products. Through personal insights, they emphasize the complexities and challenges faced by the FDA in ensuring public safety.

00:00 Introduction: What is the FDA Up To?
00:18 Listener's Question: Trusting FDA Approvals
01:11 Deep Dive: FDA's Role and Responsibilities
03:35 Case Study: Cold Medicine and Phenylephrine
04:18 Thalidomide: A Historical Lesson
10:11 The Role of Frances Kelsey
13:44 FDA's Evolution and Current Challenges
23:22 Conclusion and Final Thoughts

References from this episode:

1. https://www.uchicagomedicine.org/forefront/biological-sciences-articles/courageous-physician-scientist-saved-the-us-from-a-birth-defects-catastrophe
2. https://www.gao.gov/assets/hrd-82-3.pdf
3. https://www.fda.gov/food/hfp-constituent-updates/fda-revoke-authorization-use-red-no-3-food-and-ingested-drugs
4. https://cen.acs.org/food/food-ingredients/Editorial-Fewer-risky-food-colors/102/i26

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Ask a Chemist #64

Melissa and Jam delve into intriguing chemistry questions posed by their listeners. They explore whether all salts are salty, the chemistry of gunshot residue and fingerprinting, and the reactions between chemicals and sound waves. Special guest Maison, Melissa's husband, joins to discuss sourdough starter cultures and answer sourdough-related queries. The episode concludes with insightful comments from their Chemmunity members and reassurances about their well-being amid late-night recordings.

00:00 Introduction and Episode Overview
01:45 First Listener Question: Gunshot Residue and Fingerprinting
02:46 Is All Salt Salty?
15:28 Chemistry and Sound Waves
18:28 Sourdough Questions Begin
21:32 Sourdough Myths: Stainless Steel Debate
23:36 Acidity and Metal Reactions
27:47 Sourdough and Gluten-Free Misconceptions
29:40 Starting a Sourdough Business
31:22 Sourdough Starter Names and Maintenance
33:39 Maison's Sourdough Journey
42:06 Late Night Recording Concerns
44:41 Community Shoutouts and Closing Remarks

References from this episode:

1. https://pubs-acs-org.libproxy.library.unt.edu/doi/full/10.1021/acs.joc.1c00805
2. https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC7919833/

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#205

Jam and Melissa discuss the complexities and consequences of recent executive orders surrounding science funding. Melissa provides insight into how these changes impact university research, faculty positions, and broader society. The duo also highlights the historical context and importance of DEI in academia, emphasizing the broader implications of funding uncertainties on current and future science initiatives.

00:00 Introduction and Special Occasions
00:20 Current Issues in Science Funding
01:10 Host Background and Experience
02:19 Impact of Executive Orders on Science
04:21 Broader Impacts and DEI in Grants
14:03 Indirect Costs and University Funding
16:44 Trickle-Down Effects on Academia
27:03 Importance of DEI Initiatives
40:16 Conclusion and Further Reading

References from this episode:

1. https://www.nature.com/articles/d41586-025-00365-z
2. https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=(title:42%20section:1862p-14%20edition:prelim)
3. https://cen.acs.org/education/Racial-ethnic-diversity-US-chemistry/98/i43

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#047 Rebroadcast

This week, Melissa and Jam explore the chemistry of rust. What even is it? Where does it come from? Is it bad? Is it reversible? Let's get into it.

References from this episode

1. Turning Back Time: Watching Rust Transform into Iron - National Institute of Standards and Technology
2. The Color of Soil - United States Department of Agriculture
3. Why does metal rust? - American Chemical Society
4. Ultra-Pure Water - National Geographic

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#114 Rebroadcast

Tums, alka seltzer, and other antacids: they're simple, they've been around for a long time, but they're a tried and true method for helping our stomachs. But how do they work? What's the chemistry behind these unsung heroes?

References from this episode

1. Chemistry Julia Burdge
2. Biochemistry 4th edition by Garret & Grisham
3. https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/bring-science-home-carbonation-time/
4. http://websites.umich.edu/~chemstu/content_weeks/F_06_Week10/p848.pdf
5. https://www.acs.org/content/acs/en/education/outreach/celebrating-chemistry-editions/2021-ncw/fizz-race.html
6. https://youtu.be/7VJ4cRWCpDw?t=1s

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