SpaceTime with Stuart Gary

SpaceTime Series 27 Episode 120
*Planet Earth Just Got a Second Moon
Planet Earth has temporarily acquired a second moon, a tiny near-Earth asteroid named 2024 PTS. Captured by Earth's gravitational field on September 29, this 10-metre wide Space rock will remain in orbit until November 25, making it one of only five known mini moons. Discovered by the Atlas asteroid terrestrial impact last alert system, 2024 PTS belongs to the Arjuna asteroid group and is too small to be seen with the naked eye but can be observed through a telescope.
*Mars' Missing Atmosphere Could Be in Its Crust
A new study suggests Mars' missing atmosphere could be hiding in plain sight within the planet's crust. The research, published in the journal Science Advances, posits that ancient water on Mars may have reacted with the planet's ultramafic igneous rocks to form smectite clays, trapping carbon dioxide and converting it into methane. This process could account for up to 80% of Mars' initial atmosphere, providing a potential future energy source for human missions.
*Record Stay Aboard the International Space Station
Two Russian cosmonauts have returned to Earth after a record-breaking 374-day stay aboard the International Space Station (ISS). Their mission marks the longest continuous time spent on the ISS by any humans. The pair, along with an American astronaut who spent six months on the station, landed safely in Kazakhstan aboard the Soyuz MS-25 capsule. The current ISS crew includes eight members, with some scheduled to return to Earth in February next year aboard a SpaceX Dragon capsule.
00:00:00 " New study claims Mars could be hiding its missing atmosphere in plain sight
00:00:27 " The asteroid 2024 PTS was temporarily captured by Earth on September 29
00:04:35 " A new study claims the missing martian atmosphere could be hiding in the crust
00:10:54 " Two Russian cosmonauts have landed safely on Kazakhstan steppe
00:12:18 " October is the last day of the month celebrated as All Hallows Eve
00:15:37 " Astronomers describe stars in terms of spectral types based on temperature
00:24:33 " October has three great meteor showers, the draconids, the Taurids
00:29:40 " October is a great time to start stargazing
00:34:42 " October is the best time of year to see many southern constellations
00:36:30 " In the evening we've got Venus and Saturn above the western horizon
00:38:47 " Space Time is available every Monday, Wednesday and Friday through Apple Podcasts
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SpaceTime Series 27 Episode 119
*Australian Crater Offers Fresh Insights into Earth's History
Scientists have uncovered a potential 600-kilometre-wide crater in Australia's outback, which could revolutionise our understanding of Earth's geological past. This discovery, presented at the 37th International Geological Congress in South Korea, suggests the existence of Mapix, a massive Cambrian-Precambrian impact structure. The crater's unique characteristics could provide new insights into the geological and biological evolution of our planet. The study's authors have found significant geological evidence, including pseudotachylite breccia and shock minerals like lonsdaleite, supporting the age, size, and location of this impact structure.
*Perseverance Rover Discovers Striped Rock on Mars
NASA's Mars Perseverance rover has spotted an unusual black and white striped rock on the Red Planet. The discovery was made during the rover's exploration of the outer rim of Jezero Crater. The rock, named Freya Castle, has a striking pattern and is unlike anything previously observed on Mars. Early interpretations suggest that igneous and metamorphic processes could have created its distinctive stripes. This finding adds to the variety of intriguing rocks discovered by the rover, which could be among the oldest or youngest ever investigated on Mars.
*Blue Origin's New Glenn Completes Second Stage Hot Fire Test
Blue Origin's new heavy-lift rocket, the New Glenn, has successfully completed a hot fire test of its second stage booster. This critical test at Cape Canaveral's Space Launch Complex 36 marks a key step towards the rocket's inaugural test flight, scheduled for next month. The NG-1 mission will carry the prototype Blue Ring spacecraft, designed for refuelling, transporting, and hosting satellites. The 15-second hot fire test demonstrated the integrated operation of the vehicle's BE-3U engines and various subsystems, setting the stage for future missions.
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00:00 - This is spacetime series 27 episode 119 for broadcast on 2 October 2024
00:49 - Scientists have discovered a possible crater stretching more than 600 kilometres across Australia's outback
02:54 - NASA's Mars Perseverance rover has discovered an unusual striped rock
05:46 - The Mars Perseverance rover is exploring ancient Martian rocks
10:59 - Researchers have found nanostructures around deep ocean hydrothermal vents
12:57 - 61% of Americans admit to self censoring, according to study
15:09 - Meta showing off their new Orion augmented reality glasses; Huawei releasing threefold phones
19:16 - Spacetime is available every Monday, Wednesday and Friday through various podcasting services

SpaceTime Series 27 Episode 118
*Dark Matter May Be Experiencing Forces Beyond Gravity
A groundbreaking new study suggests that dark matter, the elusive substance making up 85% of the universe's matter, may interact through forces other than gravity. Using observations from the Hubble Space Telescope, researchers have found that dark matter particles might experience additional forces, providing crucial new insights into their nature. The findings challenge the long-held collisionless cold dark matter model, opening new avenues for understanding the universe's most perplexing component.
*Rare Naked Eye Comet Visible from Earth
Skywatchers have a unique opportunity to witness the rare comet C/2023 A3 (Shushani Atlas) with the naked eye. Discovered by the Purple Mountain Observatory and the Atlas system, this comet is currently visible just before sunrise near the eastern horizon. On an 80,000-year journey from the Oort cloud, it is expected to become even brighter after passing close to the Sun, potentially reaching a magnitude of 2.5.
*Humans on Mars by 2028?
Former US President Donald Trump has announced an ambitious plan to send humans to Mars by 2028, eight years ahead of current schedules. This bold statement comes as Trump hints at discussions with SpaceX CEO Elon Musk to use the company's Starship for the mission. While the Artemis programme aims to return humans to the Moon by 2026, Trump's proposal could significantly accelerate human exploration of the Red Planet.
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SpaceTime Series 27 Episode 117
*The Biggest Black Hole Jets Ever Seen
Astronomers have detected the largest pair of black hole jets ever observed, stretching an astounding 23 million light years. Named Porphyron, this jet megastructure dates back to when the universe was just 6.3 billion years old. The discovery, published in the journal Nature, suggests that these colossal jets had a significant impact on galaxy formation during the universe's early epochs.
*NASA's Europa Clipper Mission Ready for Launch
All systems are go for next month's launch of NASA's Europa Clipper mission, set to study the oceans of Jupiter's ice moon, Europa. The spacecraft will be launched aboard a SpaceX Falcon Heavy rocket and will undertake a series of 49 close flybys to determine if Europa's subsurface ocean could be habitable.
*Iran Tests Another Nuclear Capable Missile
In defiance of United Nations resolutions, Iran has tested a new medium-range ballistic missile capable of carrying nuclear warheads. The launch of the Karam 100 missile is part of Tehran's ongoing efforts to develop its nuclear weapons delivery systems.
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SpaceTime Series 27 Episode 116
*Discovery of More Black Holes Than Expected in the Early Universe
A new study using the Hubble Space Telescope has uncovered a significantly higher number of supermassive black holes in the early universe than previously anticipated. Published in the Astrophysical Journal Letters, the findings could revolutionise our understanding of how these ancient black holes formed shortly after the Big Bang. Astronomers, including Alice Young from Stockholm University, suggest that these massive black holes might have originated from the collapse of massive gas clouds or through rapid mergers of smaller stellar-mass black holes.
*New Volcano Spotted on Jupiter's Moon Io
Astronomers have discovered a new volcano on Io, one of Jupiter's moons, using the Junocam instrument aboard NASA's Juno mission. Io, the most geologically active object in the solar system, boasts over 400 active volcanoes. The newly discovered volcano, located just south of Io's equator, was identified in the first close-up images of Io in over 25 years. The images reveal multiple lava flows and volcanic deposits, with sulphur staining on the eastern side and dark lava streams on the western side.
*Confirming the Mass of the W Boson
Scientists at CERN have confirmed the mass of the W boson, a fundamental particle in physics, to be 80,360.2 mega electron volts, with a margin of error of 9.9 mega electron volts. This confirmation resolves a previous unexpected measurement and aligns with the Standard Model of particle physics. The study utilised data from the Compact Muon Solenoid (CMS) detector at the Large Hadron Collider, involving the analysis of millions of events to achieve this precise measurement.
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This week’s guests include: Alice Young from Stockholm University
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SpaceTime Series 27 Episode 115
*How Black Holes Eat Stars
Astronomers have developed a groundbreaking computer simulation detailing how supermassive black holes at the centres of galaxies can rip apart and consume entire stars. The study, published in the Astrophysical Journal Letters, provides new insights into the mysterious optical and ultraviolet emissions observed during these catastrophic events. Lead author Daniel Price from Monash University explains that the simulation captures the full evolution of the debris from a star being tidally disrupted by a black hole.
*New Revelations About Earth’s Mantle
A new study reveals that the chemical composition of the Earth's mantle is uniform globally and only changes as it passes through different layers of crust closer to the planet's surface. Reported in the journal Nature Geoscience, the findings suggest that lavas from volcanic hotspots around the world likely originate from a worldwide uniform reservoir in the Earth's mantle.
*Water More Widespread on the Moon Than Previously Thought
New maps from both the near and far sides of the Moon show that the lunar surface contains vast amounts of water, mostly locked in the lunar regolith. The findings, published in the Planetary Science Journal, suggest multiple sources of water and hydroxyl in sunlit rocks and soils, including water-rich rocks excavated by meteor impacts at all lunar latitudes.
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This week’s guests include: Professor Daniel Price from Monash University
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SpaceTime Series 27 Episode 114
*Did the Dwarf Planet Ceres Originate in the Asteroid Belt? A new study challenges earlier observations about the origins of Ceres, the largest body in the main asteroid belt. The findings suggest that Ceres may have formed where it currently orbits rather than in the outer solar system.
*Galactic Mystery About Dark Matter and Stars Finally Resolved Astronomers have overturned a longstanding idea that stars and dark matter interact in inexplicable ways. New models suggest that the similarity in density structures across different galaxies might be due to previous oversimplified modelling rather than an actual interaction between stars and dark matter.
*China's Secretive Space Plane Returns to Earth China's experimental reusable spacecraft has completed a 268-day orbital mission. While Beijing claims the mission was for peaceful Space operations, the spacecraft appeared to be inspecting other satellites, raising questions about its true purpose.

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This week’s guests include: Caro Derkenne an ASTRO 3D researcher from Macquarie University   And our regular guests: Alex Zaharov-Reutt from www.techadvice.life Tim Mendham from Australian Skeptics    
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In today’s episode, we explore the latest discoveries in lunar volcanism, the unique phenomena awaiting astronauts at the moon's south pole, and the arrival of a new crew at the International Space Station. Join us for an in-depth look at these exciting developments in Space exploration!

*Recent volcanism on discovered on the Moon Scientists have discovered evidence of volcanism on the lunar surface as recently as 125 million years ago. *The Strange phenomena people will see at Moon's south pole When astronauts return to the Moon’s surface as part of the Artemis 3 mission to the Lunar south pole, they’ll experience a very different environment to that which the Apollo astronauts witnessed more than half a century ago. *A new crew arrives at the International Space Station The Russian Soyuz MS-26 capsule has successfully docked with the International Space station just three hours after its launch aboard a Soyuz 2.1a rocket from the Baikonur Cosmodrome in in the central Asian republic of Kazakhstan. *The Science Report Study shows up to 19% of dementia cases could be linked to vision problems. Over 52 million tonnes of plastic dumped into the environment every year. The growing amount of incorrect AI generated data being generated. Alex on Tech: are the new iPhone 16s worth it?  

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SpaceTime Series 27 Episode 112
First Ever Spacewalk by Private AstronautsA historic milestone as the first commercial non-government astronauts successfully complete a spacewalk using a SpaceX Dragon capsule. The mission, launched aboard a Falcon 9 rocket, aimed to monitor radiation exposure levels during its journey into the Van Allen radiation belts.
Boeing Starliner Returns Safely to EarthBoeing's trouble-plagued Starliner spacecraft has safely returned to Earth, landing unmanned at the White Sands Missile Range in New Mexico. NASA opted for an unmanned return due to ongoing safety concerns with the spacecraft.
*Asteroid Creates Spectacular Fireball Over the Philippines: A small asteroid created a stunning fireball as it entered Earth's atmosphere over the Philippines. The asteroid, designated 2024 RW1, was detected just hours before its atmospheric entry, providing a dazzling light show without causing any harm. 
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SpaceTime Series 27 Episode 111 *Evidence of Unexpected Population of Kuiper Belt Objects A new study has detected an unexpected population of very distant bodies in the Kuiper Belt, an outer region of the solar system populated by ancient remnants of planetary building blocks lying beyond the orbit of Neptune. *The Martian polar caps are not created equally A new study has confirmed that the Martian polar ice caps are evolving very differently from each other. *Artemis III service module on its way to NASA The European Space Agency’s Artemis III service module destined for use on the historic mission that will return humans to the lunar surface in 2026 is about to commence its journey to the Kennedy Space Center. *The Science Report Bird flu now spreading on Antarctica’s South Georgia island and the Falkland Islands. Finding New Zealand’s original native animals. Australian HIV levels continue to drop.   https://spacetimewithstuartgary.com  https://www.bitesz.com/show/spacetime/

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SpaceTime Series 27 Episode 110 *Gigantic asteroid impact shifted Ganymede’s axis A new study claims that the solar system’s largest moon, the Jovian giant Ganymede, was hit by a massive asteroid four billion years ago shifting its axis. *New way to measure the spin of a supermassive black hole Astronomers have found a new way to measure how fast a black hole spins, by using the wobbly aftermath from its stellar feasting. *Nasa’s solar sail mission tumbling in orbit NASA says its Advanced Composite Solar Sail System spacecraft is "tumbling or wobbling" through space, which may have impacted its orbit. *The Science Report Semaglutide found to reduce the risk of heart failure. Semaglutide also found to reduce the risk of dying from any cause including COVID-19. Claims current screentime before sleep recommendations for kids are neither achievable nor appropriate. Alex on Tech Apple’s i-phone 16

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In this episode of SpaceTime, new research suggests Venus may have formed continents in a manner similar to early Earth, the BepiColombo spacecraft faces propulsion issues, and Sentinel-2C joins the Copernicus family in orbit. Join us for these fascinating updates and more! 
00:00:00 - This is SpaceTime series 27, episode 109, for broadcast on 9 September 2024 
00:00:45 - New study suggests Venus's tesserae may have formed like Earth's earliest continents 
00:12:30 - Propulsion glitches aboard the BepiColombo spacecraft 
00:23:45 - Sentinel-2C joins the Copernicus family in orbit 
00:32:15 - The science report: Cell phones do not cause brain cancer 
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In this episode of SpaceTime, NASA's DaRT mission permanently alters an asteroid's orbit, construction progresses on the Lunar Gateway Space Station, and Blue Origin's 8th Space tourism mission is a success. Join us for these fascinating updates and more!
00:00:00 - This is SpaceTime series 27, episode 108, for broadcast on 6 September 2024
Carl Battams - NASA's DaRT mission changes the orbit and shape of asteroid Dimorphos
00:12:30 - Construction continues on the new Lunar Gateway Space Station
00:23:45 - Blue Origin's 8th Space tourism mission achieves success
00:32:15 - September Skywatch: September Equinox, Cygnus X-1, and the Epsilon Perseids and Aurigids meteor showers
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In this episode of SpaceTime, new discoveries reveal the universe's first galaxies weren't as massive as previously thought, but their central black holes made them appear larger. NASA's Europa Clipper mission moves closer to launch readiness, and SpaceX halts Falcon 9 launches following a dramatic landing failure. Join us for these fascinating updates and more!
00:00:00 - This is SpaceTime series 27, episode 107, for broadcast on 4 September 2024
00:00:45 - New study shows early galaxies' black holes made them seem bigger and brighter
00:12:30 - NASA's Europa Clipper mission prepares for October launch
00:23:45 - SpaceX pauses Falcon 9 launches after landing failure
00:32:15 - The science report: Taking breaks from screen time benefits kids' mental health
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In this episode of SpaceTime, the launch of the new Dream Chaser orbital Space plane is delayed until next year, NASA discovers a long-sought-after global electric field on Earth, and the latest Australian lunar rover is unveiled. Join us for these fascinating updates and more!
00:00:00 - Sierra Space have confirmed that their new Dream chaser orbital space plane won't fly
00:08:07 - Scientists have for the first time successfully measured a planet wide electrical field
00:17:17 - Perth based consortium unveils prototype of lunar rover for NASA
00:18:59 - Australia has agreed to manufacture and service cruise missiles at a new facility
00:20:22 - Drug currently used to treat type two diabetes could potentially reduce risk of dementia
00:22:23 - There are growing reports of people experiencing what people call time slipping
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In this episode of SpaceTime, we delve into the discovery of the heaviest antimatter hyper nucleus ever created, witness a spectacular rocket engine explosion at the United Kingdom's new spaceport, and explore why food tastes bad in SpaceTime. Join us for these fascinating updates and more!
00:00:00 - This is spacetime series 27, episode 105 for broadcast on 30 August 2024
00:00:26 - Scientists at Brookhaven National Laboratory have discovered a new antimatter hyper nucleus
00:05:03 - Rocket booster explodes during test at British spaceport; no one injured
00:12:21 - Julia Lowe: We put people in virtual reality environments to study food preferences
00:16:36 - 5% of people are consuming products that are potentially toxic to livers
00:18:23 - Social position and income are linked to your food preferences, study finds
00:19:44 - The editor of the pop paranormal website Higgypop says he's sceptic
00:23:17 -  Spacetime is available every Monday, Wednesday and Friday through various podcasting platforms

Episode Special Guest:
Julia Low from RMIT University in Melbourne, Australia

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In this episode of SpaceTime, the mystery of the famous "Wow!" signal may finally be solved, the European Space Agency's Cluster mission is set to end in a fiery re-entry over the South Pacific, and Earth gets hit by another powerful solar storm. Join us for these fascinating updates and more!
00:00:00 - This is SpaceTime series 27, episode 104, for broadcast on the 28 August 2024
00:00:45 - New study may have identified the source of the famous "Wow!" signal
00:12:30 - European Space Agency's Cluster mission to end with a controlled re-entry
00:23:45 - Earth hit by another powerful solar storm
00:32:15 - The science report: Higher levels of plant fats linked to lower risk of heart disease
00:45:00 - Neuralink's brain implant shows promising results in second trial patient
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In this episode of SpaceTime, NASA decides to return the stranded Starliner crew to Earth aboard SpaceX's Dragon, a new study tracks down the asteroid that killed the dinosaurs, the JUICE spacecraft completes the first-ever joint lunar-Earth gravity assist flyby, and three more Australian satellites are sent into orbit. Join us for these fascinating updates and more!
00:00:00 - This is SpaceTime series 27, episode 103, for broadcast on 26 August 2024
00:00:45 - NASA to return Starliner crew aboard SpaceX's Dragon due to ongoing spacecraft issues
00:12:30 - New study reveals the asteroid that killed the dinosaurs originated beyond Jupiter
00:23:45 - Juice spacecraft completes first-ever joint lunar-Earth gravity assist flyby
00:32:15 - Three more Australian satellites launched into orbit
00:45:00 - The science report: Tiny volcanic glass shards in Tasmania linked to a supereruption in New Zealand
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In this episode of SpaceTime, we bid farewell to NASA's NEOWISE Space Telescope, explore the complexities of lunar timekeeping, and celebrate the successful drop tests of Europe's Space Rider spacecraft. Join us for these fascinating updates and more!
00:00:00 - This is spacetime series 27, episode 102, for broadcast on 23 August 2024
00:00:44 - NASA's infrared space telescope has relayed its final data stream to Earth
00:08:27 - Scientists develop plan for precise timekeeping on the moon, paving way for GPS
00:11:55 - European Space Agency's reusable space rider test article undergoing drop tests
00:13:54 - A new study has found a link between heavy cannabis use and cancer risk
00:16:37 - Paranormal practitioners are claiming a portal has opened up in Staffordshire
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In this episode of SpaceTime, we explore the discovery of vast oceans of liquid water beneath Mars' surface, uncover new insights into galaxy growth in dense environments, and celebrate the arrival of three Australian satellites aboard the International Space Station. Join us for these fascinating updates and more!
00:00:00 - This is SpaceTime series 27, episode 101 for broadcast on the 21st of August 2024
00:00:45 - Oceans of liquid water found deep under the Martian surface
00:12:30 - New study shows galaxies in dense environments tend to grow bigger
00:23:45 - Three Australian satellites arrive aboard the International Space Station
00:32:15 - The science report: New figures confirm July was the 14th consecutive month of record-breaking heat
00:45:00 - Google releases new AI-equipped Pixel smartphone range
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In this episode of SpaceTime, we uncover the origins of Stonehenge's altar stone, delve into NASA's Mars Perseverance rover's ambitious climb up Jezero crater's rim, and anticipate tomorrow's blue super moon. Join us for these fascinating updates and more!
00:00:00 - This is spacetime series 27, episode 100, for broadcast on 19 August 2024
00:00:46 - New research has revealed Stonehenge's monumental altar stone comes from Scotland
00:08:49 - Have you drawn an opinion yet as to what Stonehenge was used for
00:11:39 - Tomorrow night's super moon will also be a blue moon
00:12:15 - NASA's Mars Perseverance rover begins climb up western rim of crater
00:17:08 - The moon will reach its fullest early tomorrow morning in Australia
00:19:45 - One consequence of perigee full moons is an increase in ocean tides
00:22:20 - A new study finds Australians are more likely to live longer than other nations
00:25:18 - Increasing coastal erosion is reducing Arctic Ocean's ability to absorb carbon dioxide
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In this episode of SpaceTime, we delve into the latest findings that are reshaping our understanding of how Earth's continents formed, a major breakthrough in subatomic particle measurements, and a new SpaceTime telescope set to study the cosmic dawn and the ultimate fate of our universe.
Join us for these fascinating updates and more!  
00:00:00 - This is spacetime series 27, episode 99 for broadcast on the 16 August 2024
00:00:45 - New study pokes holes in leading theories of continental formation
00:03:49 - Neutrinos are fundamental to the standard model of particle physics
00:05:53 - Scientists have detected high energy neutrinos from the Large Hadron Collider
00:16:37 - The World Health Organisation has issued a warning about a new superbug
00:18:39 - Reports growing that UK is running out of ghosts  
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In this episode of SpaceTime, we explore the possibility of a hidden ocean on Uranus's moon Ariel. Discover the Webb Space Telescope's new insights into star formation and delve into the mysteries of neutron star mergers. Join us for these fascinating updates and more!
00:00:00 - This is spacetime series 27 episode 98 for broadcast on the 14 August 2024
00:00:43 - Growing speculation that Uranuss moon Ariel could harbour a hidden subsurface ocean
00:12:46 - Scientists use supercomputers to study how quickly black holes form from neutron star merger
00:16:30 - A new study claims thinking too hard can be unpleasant
00:19:22 - Apple releases new security updates for iPhones, iPads and Macs
00:19:59 - Google unveils new Pixel phones in Australia on Wednesday morning
00:22:02 - Spacetime is available every Monday, Wednesday and Friday through various podcasting services
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In this episode of SpaceTime, we delve into the latest revelations about the origins of our solar system, uncovered through the analysis of asteroid samples from NASA's OSIRIS-REx mission. We also discuss the ongoing challenges faced by Boeing's Starliner crew, who might be stranded on the International Space Station until next year, and the bustling activity aboard the orbiting outpost with all docking bays currently occupied. Join us for these fascinating updates and more!
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In this episode, we explore new revelations about near-Earth asteroids and their evolution over time. We also dive into the ongoing enigma of the sun's superheated corona, and the Kremlin's latest plans for a new Russian orbital SpaceTime station plus Skywatch highlights for August...what you can see in the night sky this month.. Join us for these intriguing updates and more!
- 00:00:00 - This is spacetime series 27, episode 96, for broadcast on the 9 August 2024
- 00:00:44 - Five new studies provide fresh insights into the ways asteroids change over time
- 00:10:50 - Russia has unveiled the latest designs and timeline for its new space station
- 00:15:22 - Astronomers describe stars in terms of spectral types based on temperature and characteristics
- 00:19:58 - Messier four is one of 103 fuzzy objects discovered by Charles Messiere
- 00:22:16 - Sagittarius is known for its many nebula and clusters
- 00:23:23 - Ophiuchius contains several star clusters and other interesting features
- 00:27:02 - August is also the peak of the annual Perseids meteor shower
- 00:29:00 - The Milky Way is directly overhead in the southern hemisphere at this time of year
- 00:30:21 - The southern cross is visible in the evening sky during August
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In this episode of SpaceTime, we explore the possibility of Mercury harbouring a thick layer of solid diamond deep below its ancient surface. We also delve into new details about the brightest gamma ray burst of all time and discuss the recent surge in auroral activity as the sun approaches solar maximum. Join us for these fascinating updates and more!
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In today's episode of SpaceTime, we explore NASA's Mars Perseverance rover's discovery of what could be the first potential signs of ancient life on Mars. We also discuss the recording of Earth's hottest day ever and SpaceX's plans to base a Starship recovery team in Australian waters. Join us for these fascinating updates and more!
00:00:00 " This is spacetime series 27, episode 94 for broadcast on the 5 August 2024
00:00:47 " NASA's Mars perseverance rover has discovered what could be first potential signs
00:08:32 " NASA says July 22 was the hottest day on record on planet Earth
00:11:05 " SpaceX is looking at recovering the starship following a future test flight
00:15:40 " A short term vegan diet can actually make you biologically younger, study finds
00:17:39 " The first of the Australian Defence Forces long awaited Triton drones have arrived
00:22:32 " Project sign was the first official us air force investigations, started in 1948
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In today's episode of SpaceTime, we delve into NASA's decision to axe the $50 million Viper Lunar rover project due to rising costs and delays. We also explore the discovery of another intermediate black hole near the centre of the Milky Way and discuss NASA's special message for the Jovian ice moon Europa.
Join us for these fascinating updates and more!
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In today’s episode of SpaceTime, Stuart Gary delves into the latest climate predictions as Earth moves into a La Niña watch, signalling potential wet weather and flooding for eastern Australia.
We also explore the initial signs of the sun's next solar cycle, detected through sound waves deep within the star, and the intriguing experiment of sending human muscle cells into SpaceTime to study their growth in microgravity.
Join us for these stories and more!
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Join us for SpaceTime Series 27 Episode 91, where we delve into the latest cosmic events and advancements in space exploration.- Starliner's Stranded Crew: There's still no return date for Boeing's trouble-plagued Starliner spacecraft, which remains docked at the International Space Station. Helium leaks and faulty thrusters have turned what was meant to be an eight-day mission into a seven-week marathon.
- Curiosity's Stunning Discovery: NASA's Mars Curiosity rover has discovered rocks made of pure sulphur on the red planet. This unprecedented find has scientists excited and puzzled, as they investigate the geological history of Mars.
- Ancient Earth Rocks: New research shows that some of Earth's oldest rocks are more widespread than previously thought. Mineral deposits near the Western Australian town of Coeli have been dated to 3.44 billion years, offering new insights into Earth's ancient history.
Follow our cosmic conversations on X @stuartgary, Instagram, YouTube, and Facebook. Join us as we unravel the mysteries of the universe, one episode at a time.Sponsor Offer: This episode is proudly supported by NordVPN. Secure your digital journey across the cosmos with a VPN service you can trust. Find your stellar security solution at https://www.bitesz.com/nordvpn.Listen to SpaceTime on your favourite podcast app including Apple Podcasts, Spotify, YouTube Music, or wherever you get your podcasts.Support SpaceTime:- Become a supporter of SpaceTime: https://www.bitesz.com/show/spacetime/support/
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- 00:00:00 - This is spacetime series 27, episode 91, for broadcast on 29 July 2024
- 00:00:46 - Helium leaks and faulty thrusters hampered SpaceX Starliner mission to ISS
- 00:06:56 - NASA's Mars Curiosity rover has discovered rocks made of pure sulphur on Mars
- 00:12:16 - New study shows some of planet Earth's oldest rocks are far more widespread
- 00:17:32 - Zircons are fantastic timekeepers because they have an inbuilt clock
- 00:24:00 - Idea is thinking about, you know, on the early earth, was
- 00:28:51 - New study finds human induced climate change has driven increasing rainfall variability globally
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Join us for SpaceTime Series 27 Episode 90, where we delve into the latest cosmic events and advancements in space exploration.

• **Discovery of an Intermediate Mass Black Hole**: Astronomers have detected what they believe is a rare intermediate mass black hole buried deep inside the Omega Centauri globular star cluster. This discovery, based on two decades of Hubble Space Telescope observations, provides compelling new evidence for this elusive type of black hole, which acts as a missing link in black hole evolution.
• - **Europe's JUICE Spacecraft Flyby**: The European Space Agency's Jupiter Icy Moons Explorer (JUICE) is about to undertake a gravity-assisted flyby of the Earth and Moon. This manoeuvre will alter the spacecraft's speed and direction, setting it on a course to Jupiter. The flyby is a double world first, being both the first lunar-Earth flyby and the first double gravity assist manoeuvre.
• - **Portable Urine Recycling System for Spacesuits**: Inspired by the still suits in the movie Dune, scientists have developed a new portable urine collection and recycling system for spacesuits. This system could solve the hygiene and water scarcity issues faced by astronauts during long spacewalks and deep space missions.
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• 00:00:00 - This is spacetime series 27, episode 90 for broadcast on 26 July 2024
• 00:00:48 - Astronomers have detected what they believe is a rare intermediate mass black hole
• 00:07:02 - Juice spacecraft to make first gravity assist flyby of Earth and moon
• 00:15:46 - Astronauts need to use adult diapers when undertaking a spacewalk
• 00:18:57 - New study finds diabetes drug could improve symptoms of heart failure
• 00:21:37 - There are fresh warnings about the dangers of the so called wellness industry
• 00:24:21 - Long standing underinvestment in women's health worries experts
• 00:27:16 -  spacetime is available every Monday, Wednesday and Friday through various podcasting platforms

Join us for SpaceTime Series 27 Episode 89, where we explore the latest cosmic events and advancements in space exploration.
- Titan's Tiny Waves: Astronomers have determined that the seas of Saturn's largest moon, Titan, exhibit very tiny waves, only a few millimetres high. The findings, based on data from the Cassini spacecraft, reveal tidal currents and provide fresh insights into Titan's liquid hydrocarbon seas.
- Moon Caves as Future Lunar Dwellings: New research suggests that underground cave networks on the Moon could offer safe dwellings for future astronauts. Detected through NASA's Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter, these caverns could provide shelter from radiation and extreme temperatures.
- Increased Fire Risk on Space Missions: A new study warns of an increased risk of fire on future long-distance interplanetary space missions. The unique conditions of microgravity and lower ambient air pressure could make fires spread more quickly and burn more intensely, posing significant dangers for space travellers.
- 00:00:00 - New research shows moon caves could provide future lunar dwellings for astronauts
- 00:00:47 - Scientists find evidence of tidal currents in seas of Saturn's largest moon Titan
- 00:07:57 - Astronomers find evidence of potentially accessible underground cave networks on the moon
- 00:10:31 - New research warns fires will provide increased risk for space travellers on future missions
- 00:15:31 - New study claims some bugs could be linked with autism spectrum disorder
- 00:18:06 - Apple's new vision pro augmented goggles have grabbed heaps of attention
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Join us for SpaceTime Series 27 Episode 88, where we delve into the latest cosmic events and advancements in space exploration.
- **Climate Change and Earth's Rotation**: Discover how human activity is altering the planet's rotation. New studies reveal that melting ice masses in Greenland and Antarctica are causing water to flow into the world's oceans, shifting mass towards the equator and affecting Earth's rotational speed. This fascinating phenomenon is explored in depth, including its implications for future space navigation.
- - **The Three-Body Problem**: We unravel the complexities of the three-body problem in celestial mechanics, a challenging conundrum that has puzzled scientists for centuries. Learn about its historical significance, recent advancements, and how it impacts our understanding of the cosmos. The discussion also touches on the popular Netflix series inspired by this mathematical challenge.
- - **SpaceX Falcon 9 Rocket Failure**: SpaceX's Falcon 9 rocket experiences a rare mid-flight failure, leading to a grounding order from the Federal Aviation Administration. We examine the details of the incident, its impact on future missions, and the ongoing investigation by SpaceX and federal authorities.
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Join us for SpaceTime Series 27 Episode 87, where we delve into the latest cosmic events and advancements in space exploration.

• **NASA's Parker Solar Probe**: NASA's Parker Solar Probe has just completed its 20th close approach to the Sun, setting a new record as the fastest man-made object ever built. Achieving perihelion at a distance of 7.26 million kilometres from the Sun's surface, the probe travelled at an astonishing 635,266 kilometres per hour. This milestone marks the midpoint of the mission's 20th solar encounter, with more close approaches planned for the future.
• - **China's Secretive Space Plane**: China's highly secretive reusable space plane has released another mysterious spacecraft into orbit. The experimental spacecraft, named Sheng Long or "Divine Dragon," has been in orbit for nearly 200 days on its third mission. Launched aboard a Long March 2F rocket, the space plane's activities remain shrouded in mystery, with speculation about its sub-satellite designed for proximity and recapture spy manoeuvres.
• - **Seeing the Universe in Radio Waves**: Back in 2016, the Murchison Widefield Array telescope in Western Australia provided a glimpse of the universe as it would appear if human eyes could see radio waves. The GLEAM survey catalogued around 300,000 galaxies, revealing the remnants of distant star explosions, galaxy collisions, and the activities of supermassive black holes. This groundbreaking research offers invaluable insights into the universe's structure and the physics of distant galaxies.
• 00:00:00 " This is spacetime series 27, episode 87, for broadcast on 19 July 2024
• 00:00:46 " NASA's Parker solar probe just completed its 20th close approach to the sun
• 00:05:03 " Large scale radio surveys like Gleam are extremely valuable to scientists
• 00:10:44 " I have student looking for transient m objects in our survey
• 00:16:27 " A new study claims modern dingoes share very little ancestry with other breeds
• 00:18:11 " New research finds people who invest in cryptocurrency more likely to hold fringe views
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Join us for SpaceTime Series 27 Episode 86, where we explore the latest cosmic events and advancements in space exploration.

• First, new sophisticated computer models are giving scientists a glimpse inside neutron stars, revealing that these exotic objects might be made of nuclear pasta. Discover how atomic nuclei, protons, and neutrons deform into plates and strings under extreme conditions, providing new insights into the densest objects in the universe, second only to black holes.
• - Next, the crew aboard the International Space Station captures stunning images of red sprites, ephemeral and little-understood bolts of lightning occurring high above thunderstorm clouds. Learn about the fascinating phenomenon of sprites, blue jets, and elves, and how these transient luminous events are studied from space.
• - Finally, we delve into the observations of Hurricane Beryl, the first Atlantic hurricane of the 2024 season. With deadly winds and extreme storm surges, Beryl's rapid intensification was monitored by NASA and NOAA satellites, providing crucial data for early warnings and highlighting the ongoing impact of climate change on tropical cyclones.
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Join us for SpaceTime Series 27 Episode 85, where we explore the latest cosmic events and advancements in space exploration.
- First, a groundbreaking new study suggests that Mars may have always been a cold, icy world, incapable of supporting life as we know it. This research, published in Communications Earth and Environment, challenges the long-held belief that the Red Planet was once warm and wet, potentially hospitable to life. By analysing Martian soils in Gale Crater, scientists found similarities to the cold, subarctic soils of Newfoundland in Canada, raising questions about Mars' ability to support life.
- Next, Europe's new Ariane 6 rocket powers into space for the first time. After a decade of development and numerous delays, the Ariane 6 has finally launched, marking a new era for the European Space Agency's heavy-lift capabilities. This maiden flight from the Kourou Spaceport in French Guiana carried 18 satellites, demonstrating the rocket's versatility and potential for increased launch capacity.
- Finally, the crew of Boeing's Starliner spacecraft remains aboard the International Space Station, but NASA insists they are not marooned. Despite experiencing thruster malfunctions and helium leaks, the crew is confident in their return home. NASA and Boeing are working diligently to resolve the issues, with a potential return date set for late July.
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Join us for SpaceTime Series 27 Episode 84, where we delve into the latest cosmic discoveries and space exploration advancements.

       - First, new ultra-high-resolution cosmology simulations are shaking up long-held beliefs about how supermassive black holes grow and evolve. These simulations reveal that magnetic fields play a far more significant role than previously thought, propping up and shaping the accretion discs that feed these monstrous objects. Discover how these findings are bridging the gap between large-scale cosmic phenomena and the intricate details of star formation.-
- Next, we explore a proposed new NASA flagship mission to study Uranus, one of the solar system's most mysterious ice giants. This mission aims to uncover the secrets behind Uranus' unusual magnetic field, its many moons, and its rings, providing insights left unanswered since the Voyager 2 flybys nearly 50 years ago.
- Finally, a Chinese rocket launches unexpectedly during a static engine test, leading to a dramatic explosion. Learn about the mishap and its implications for the commercial space company Space Pioneer.
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Join us for SpaceTime Series 27 Episode 83, where we explore the latest cosmic events and advancements in space exploration. 
First, NASA's Webb Space Telescope has identified luminous, very red objects from the early universe, challenging conventional models of galaxy and supermassive black hole formation. These mysterious objects, dating back to 600-800 million years after the Big Bang, contain ancient stars and massive black holes, suggesting an unexpectedly rapid formation in the young universe. The findings, published in the Astrophysical Journal, reveal that these objects are galaxies more than 13 billion years old, packed with stars and supermassive black holes far larger than those in our Milky Way galaxy. 
Next, NASA's Mars Odyssey spacecraft has set a new record with 100,000 orbits around the red planet. This 23-year-old orbiter has been instrumental in mapping Mars' surface, identifying landing sites, and relaying data from rovers and landers. A recent image of Olympus Mons, the tallest volcano in the solar system, offers stunning new insights into the Martian atmosphere, showcasing layers of dust and water ice clouds.
Finally, SpaceX has been selected to deorbit and destroy the International Space Station (ISS) in 2030. The ISS, launched in 1998, has provided humanity's first permanent habitation in space. SpaceX will develop a specialised orbital tug to lower the ISS in a controlled re-entry, ensuring most of it burns up in the atmosphere, with remnants splashing down in the remote Point Nemo.
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Join us for SpaceTime Series 27 Episode 82, where we explore the latest cosmic events and groundbreaking discoveries in space exploration.First, a space debris emergency aboard the International Space Station. The crew was ordered to take shelter after ground-based radar detected a large cloud of debris from a disused Russian satellite. The debris was tracked by the new Western Australian space radar station operated by LeoLabs, highlighting the growing problem of space junk and its impact on the ISS.
Next, a new study reveals that Mars is hit by meteors on a daily basis. Using seismic data from NASA's Mars InSight lander, scientists have determined that between 280 and 360 meteors strike the Red Planet each year, forming impact craters greater than eight meters across. This discovery offers new insights into Martian impact rates and the planet's geological history.
Finally, claims of alien technology discovered on the seafloor near Australia have been dismissed. Harvard astronomer Avi Loeb's controversial expedition retrieved tiny iron spheres, but further analysis showed no evidence of interstellar origin. The scientific community remains skeptical, emphasizing the need for extraordinary evidence to support extraordinary claims.
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Join us for SpaceTime Series 27 Episode 81, where we delve into the latest discoveries and advancements in space exploration.First, new observations from NASA's Juno spacecraft reveal that Jupiter's volcanic moon Io is covered in lakes of molten lava. These findings, published in Communications Earth and Environments, provide a fuller picture of Io's extensive volcanic activity and offer new insights into the volcanic processes at work on this ancient, violent world. Io, slightly larger than Earth's moon, is the most volcanically active world in our solar system due to the gravitational forces from its neighboring Jovian moons and Jupiter itself. Juno's recent flybys have captured high-resolution infrared images showing bright rings surrounding numerous hotspots, indicating that much of Io's surface is covered in lava lakes with caldera-like features.Next, NASA's Mars Perseverance rover has crossed an ancient Martian riverbed in the Jezero Crater, reaching the Bright Angel geological site earlier than expected. This route provided a treasure trove of geological features, including rocks with diverse textures and compositions. Perseverance's exploration of this ancient river channel offers new clues about Mars' geological history and the processes that shaped its surface.Finally, we examine whether space tourism is healthy. New research published in the Journal of the Frontiers of Physiology warns that wealthy, unhealthy individuals venturing into space may face increased health risks, such as pulmonary edema, due to the effects of microgravity on the heart. The study suggests that future space tourists might need to send a digital twin of themselves into virtual space to test their bodies' responses before embarking on the real journey.
July Skywatch: What to look for in the night skies throughtout the the month of July with Sky & Telescopes Jonathan Nally.

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Join us for SpaceTime Series 27 Episode 80, where we uncover the latest cosmic events and advancements in space exploration.
First, the European Space Agency reports a rare occurrence of two large asteroids swooping past Earth within 42 hours. One of these, 2024 MK, was only discovered two weeks before its close encounter, highlighting the need for improved detection of potentially hazardous near-Earth objects (NEOs). We delve into the details of these celestial visitors and their implications for planetary defense.
Next, we explore the challenges and solutions for sustaining human life on Mars. Scientists at Utah State University are working on a NASA-funded project to develop self-sustainability strategies for future Mars missions. Discover how researchers are optimizing food production and plant-based therapeutics to support long-term habitation on the Red Planet.
Finally, we look at how astronauts maintain fitness in microgravity and how similar workouts can be practiced on Earth. Researchers have found innovative ways to recreate Earth-like forces using centrifugal force, providing insights into maintaining physical health during space missions.
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Join us for SpaceTime Series 27 Episode 79, where we uncover the latest groundbreaking developments in space exploration and astronomy.
First, astronomers have discovered ancient star clusters in a galaxy dating back to near the dawn of time. These clusters, detected using gravitational lensing and the powerful near-infrared camera aboard the Webb Space Telescope, represent the earliest evidence of how the first stars and galaxies formed. The findings, published in Nature, suggest these clusters could be the seeds for the very first globular star clusters.
Next, China has successfully completed its historic Chang'e-6 mission, returning samples from the far side of the moon. The mission, which targeted the moon's South Pole-Aitken Basin, has brought back 1,935.3 grams of lunar regolith. These samples are expected to provide new insights into the geological differences between the near and far sides of the moon.
Finally, Rocket Lab celebrates a milestone with the successful launch of its 50th Electron rocket. This mission, named "No Time to Lose," deployed five satellites for the French Internet of Things company Kineis, marking a significant achievement in the company's rapid evolution.
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Join us for SpaceTime Series 27 Episode 78, where we delve into the latest discoveries and missions in the vast expanse of space.
First, the European Space Agency's Euclid Space Telescope has discovered seven more rogue planets in the darkness of interstellar space. These gas giants, each with at least four times the mass of Jupiter, were detected in the direction of the Orion Nebula. The study also confirmed the existence of dozens of other previously detected rogue planets, including four binaries. These lonely worlds, flung out of their original star systems, wander unbound through space, presenting a fascinating prospect for future research.
Next, mission managers have announced that the European Space Agency's upcoming Hera mission will utilize a Mars flyby next March to study the Martian moon Demos. This maneuver will provide the necessary velocity to reach the Didymos binary asteroid system. Hera, together with cubesats Juventus and Milani, will closely examine the impact of NASA's DART spacecraft on Dimorphos, gathering essential data on its composition and structure.
Finally, NASA's Voyager 1 is back, returning science data from all four of its instruments after overcoming a major technical failure. The spacecraft, the most distant man-made object in existence, had lost normal communications but is now once again providing valuable insights into interstellar space.
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Join us for SpaceTime Series 27 Episode 77, where we explore the latest cosmic discoveries and advancements in space exploration.
First, astronomers have discovered the earliest known pair of quasars in the process of merging. Reported in the Astrophysical Journal Letters, this discovery represents the earliest known merger of supermassive black holes, occurring just 900 million years after the Big Bang. This period, known as the cosmic dawn, is crucial for understanding the formation of the first stars and galaxies and the epoch of reionization.
Next, NASA's Mars Perseverance rover has discovered oddly textured, popcorn-like rocks in a formation known as Bright Angel. These rocks suggest the presence of groundwater in Mars' past, and mission managers plan to conduct detailed exploration to uncover their origins.
Finally, new insights into the Milky Way's supermassive black hole, Sagittarius A*, have been presented at the 244th meeting of the American Astronomical Society. Using decades of x-ray data, astronomers have uncovered previously undetected flares and echoes, providing valuable information about the black hole's environment and past activity.
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Join us for SpaceTime Series 27 Episode 76, where we delve into the latest groundbreaking discoveries in planetary science and astronomy.
First, scientists have uncovered evidence that fresh water existed on Earth about 4 billion years ago, pushing back the timeframe for the potential emergence of life by 500 million years. This discovery, based on zircon crystal analysis from the Jack Hills formation in Western Australia, challenges the long-held belief that Earth was entirely covered by oceans at that time. The study's findings suggest that fresh water and land masses existed much earlier, setting the stage for life to flourish.
Next, new research indicates that the rotation of Earth's inner core has slowed down compared to the planet's surface. This discovery, reported in the journal Nature, shows that the inner core began to decelerate around 2010, moving slower than the Earth's mantle and crust for the first time in decades. The implications of this change are still being explored, but it may ultimately affect the length of the day.
Finally, a new study suggests that Earth's encounter with dense interstellar clouds 2 million years ago may have significantly altered the planet's climate. The research, published in Nature Astronomy, posits that these clouds could have compressed the heliosphere, exposing Earth to increased levels of cosmic rays and altering its climatic conditions.
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Join us for SpaceTime Series 27 Episode 75, where we explore the latest cosmic events and scientific advancements shaping our understanding of the universe.
First, we delve into how Mars lit up during last month's spectacular solar storm. These solar events provided astronomers with unprecedented data, revealing the impact of solar flares and coronal mass ejections on the Red Planet. We discuss the implications for future human missions to Mars and the potential radiation exposure astronauts might face.
Next, unexpected differences have been discovered in the thickness of the Milky Way galaxy's disk. New observations reveal that the inner part of the disk is only half as thick as the outer part, challenging our understanding of the galaxy's structure and evolution.
Finally, scientists have developed a new atlas dealing with space health, covering the broad-ranging molecular changes and DNA damage experienced during spaceflight. This research is crucial for preparing for long-term lunar and Martian missions.
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Join us for SpaceTime Series 27 Episode 74, where we explore the latest cosmic discoveries and advancements in space exploration.
First, astronomers have discovered water frost on the solar system's tallest volcanoes, including Olympus Mons on Mars. This groundbreaking find challenges existing ideas about the red planet's climate dynamics and suggests the presence of water frost near the Martian equator for the first time. The study, led by Domus Valentinus, reveals that this frost is incredibly thin, likely only 100th of a millimeter thick, and consists of at least 150,000 tons of water that cycles between the surface and the atmosphere during the cold seasons.
Next, we delve into the European Space Agency's Proba-3 mission, which aims to study the sun's outer atmosphere or corona. This innovative mission involves two spacecraft flying in formation to create an artificial solar eclipse, allowing for sustained study of the sun's faint coronal atmosphere. The mission will launch aboard an Indian PSLV rocket from the Satish Dhawan Space Centre and will demonstrate the precise positioning of two orbiting platforms.
Finally, Virgin Galactic has successfully completed its final space tourism flight before a two-year pause to upgrade its fleet. The Galactic 7 mission carried two pilots and two passengers to the edge of space, marking the end of operations for VSS Unity. The company will now focus on developing its next-generation Delta-class space planes, which are expected to enter commercial operations in 2026.
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Join us for SpaceTime Series 27 Episode 73, where we delve into the latest cosmic discoveries and advancements shaping our understanding of the universe.
First, astronomers have developed a new theory of dark matter to explain the mysterious dwarf galaxy Crater 2. Despite its proximity at 383,000 light-years from Earth and its large size—making it the fourth largest satellite galaxy orbiting the Milky Way—Crater 2 has a surprisingly low surface brightness and velocity dispersion. This has led scientists to propose the self-interacting dark matter (SIDM) theory, which may better account for the galaxy's unusual properties.
Next, new research dismisses the idea of a lake under the Martian south polar ice cap. Instead, it suggests that the bright radar reflections previously interpreted as liquid water are likely due to resolution interference between radio waves. This finding, based on computer simulations, challenges the notion of subsurface liquid water on Mars.
Finally, we highlight the development of a new daytime optical telescope, the Huntsman, which allows astronomers to observe celestial objects even when the sun is high overhead. This groundbreaking instrument, located at Siding Spring Observatory, uses an array of camera lenses designed for ultra-sensitive night sky observations but can also accurately measure stars and satellites during daylight.
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Join us for SpaceTime Series 27 Episode 72, where we uncover the latest cosmic discoveries and scientific advancements.
First, astronomers have discovered that a tiny moonlet orbiting the main belt asteroid Dinkinesh is actually two little moons melded together. Known as contact binaries, these moonlets could provide fresh insights into the complex processes behind planetary formation and evolution. We delve into the details of this fascinating discovery made by NASA's Lucy spacecraft.
Next, we discuss the possibility of an underground ocean on Saturn's moon Mimas. Scientists speculate that as Mimas's orbital eccentricity decreased, its icy shell may have melted and thinned, leading to the formation of a subsurface ocean. This finding could have significant implications for our understanding of the Saturnian system.
Finally, we highlight NASA's launch of its second pre-fire satellite into orbit aboard Rocket Lab's Electron rocket. These satellites are designed to study how much heat the Arctic and Antarctic are radiating out into space and how that's influencing global climates. We explore the mission's objectives and potential impact on climate science.
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Join us for SpaceTime Series 27 Episode 71, where we delve into the latest cosmic events and technological advancements reshaping our understanding of the universe.
First, we discuss NASA's announcement that the Hubble Space Telescope will begin winding back its science programme due to ongoing issues with its gyroscopes. This decision marks a significant transition for the historic observatory, which has revolutionised astronomical discovery since its launch in 1990.
Next, we cover the long-awaited launch of Boeing's Starliner, which has finally taken a crew to the International Space Station. This milestone paves the way for Starliner to join SpaceX's Dragon in transporting crews to the orbiting outpost under NASA's commercial crew programme.
Finally, we highlight NASA's OSIRIS Apex spacecraft's survival after a close encounter with the sun. This mission is essential for its upcoming rendezvous with the asteroid Apophis in 2029.

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