Risky or Not?

Dr. Don and Professor Ben talk about the risks that Ben faced when eating raw milk gouda cheese in an unregulated Brazilian facility.

Dr. Don - risky ☣️ Professor Ben - risky ☣️

• Food Safety Talk
• NC Tobacco Trust Fund Commission Agricultural Leadership Development Program | NC State Extension
• Gouda Recipe | Cheese Maker Recipes | Cheese Making Supply
• Enumeration of Escherichia coli O157 in Outbreak-Associated Gouda Cheese Made with Raw Milk - ScienceDirect
• Outbreak of Escherichia coli O157:H7 Infections Linked to Aged Raw Milk Gouda Cheese, Canada, 2013 - ScienceDirect
• Multistate Outbreak of Escherichia coli O157:H7 Infections Associated with In-Store Sampling of an Aged Raw-Milk Gouda Cheese, 2010 - ScienceDirect
• Escherichia coli O121 outbreak associated with raw milk Gouda-like cheese in British Columbia, Canada, 2018 - PMC
• Microbiological Safety of Various Gouda Cheeses Produced from Raw Milk

Dr. Don and Professor Ben talk about the risks of using using stale bread to keep brown sugar moist.

Dr. Don - not risky 👍🏼 Professor Ben - not risky 👍🏼

• Carnac the Magnificent - Wikipedia
• The Rolling Stones – Brown Sugar Lyrics | Genius Lyrics
• Brown Sugar Saver | King Arthur Baking Company
• The Pioneer Woman Terracotta Sugar Saver at Walmart - Where to Buy Ree Drummond's Brown Sugar Savers
• How to Soften Brown Sugar | Bob's Red Mill Natural Foods

Dr. Don and Professor Ben talk about the risks from not pre-washing raw meat dishes and placing them directly in the dishwasher.

Dr. Don - not risky 👍🏼 Professor Ben - not risky 👍🏼

• Cardiff Metropolitan University - Study in Cardiff

• method to evaluate factors influencing the microbial reduction in domestic dishwashers | Journal of Applied Microbiology | Oxford Academic

• FSIS Cooking Guideline for Meat and Poultry Products (Revised Appendix A) December, 2021

• Roderick on the Line - Merlin Mann

Dr. Don and Professor Ben talk about the risks from sunny side up egg from a bird infected with bird flu.

Dr. Don - not risky 👍🏼 Professor Ben - not risky 👍🏼

• SHensley: "@benjaminchapman.bsky.social @bugcounter.bsky.social Georgia is like 15% of the US poultry production. Eggs sunny side up from a chicken with bird flu #riskyornot? www.wjcl.com/article/geor…" — Bluesky

• Full article: Heat inactivation of avian influenza and Newcastle disease viruses in egg products

• The Impact of Holding Time on the Likelihood of Moving Internally Contaminated Eggs from a Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza Infected but Undetected Commercial Table-Egg Layer Flock | Avian Diseases

• Full article: Avian influenza viruses in poultry products: a review

• Evaluation of the U.S. Department of Agriculture's Egg Pasteurization Processes on the Inactivation of High-Pathogenicity Avian Influenza Virus and Velogenic Newcastle Disease Virus in Processed Egg Products - ScienceDirect

• Detection of Influenza A Viruses in Eggs Laid by Infected Turkeys | Avian Diseases

• Questions and Answers Regarding the Safety of Eggs During Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza Outbreaks | FDA

• Interagency Risk Assessment for the Public Health Impact of Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza Virus in Poultry, Shell Eggs, and Egg Products (May 2010) | Food Safety and Inspection Service

• Executive Summary, Interagency Risk Assessment for the Public Health Impact of Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza Virus in Poultry, Shell Eggs, and Egg Products - May 2010

• Interagency Risk Assessment for the Public Health Impact of Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza Virus in Poultry, Shell Eggs, and Egg Products Conducted by FSIS in collaboration with FDA and APHIS

• USDA Questions and Answers: Food Safety and Avian Influenza April 2015

• Skibidi Toilet - Season 1 [FULL SCREEN] - YouTube

Dr. Don and Professor Ben talk about the risks of workers landfilling ground up highly pathogenic avian influenza infected chickens without personal protective equipment.

Dr. Don - risky ☣️ Professor Ben - risky ☣️

• • TWiV 1178: Clinical update with Dr. Daniel Griffin — This Week in Virology — Overcast
  • CDC Interim Guidance for Landfill Workers in the United States Disposing of Poultry Carcasses During Outbreaks of Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza
  • NJ Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza (HPAI) "Bird Flu" FAQ
  • Survival rate of H5N1 highly pathogenic avian influenza viruses at different temperatures - ScienceDirect
  • Survivability of Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza H5N1 Virus in Poultry Faeces at Different Temperatures - PMC

Dr. Don and Professor Ben talk about the risks from licking Cheetos dust off your fingers.

Dr. Don - not risky 👍🏼 Professor Ben - not risky 👍🏼

• Home | Cheetos
• Hands Are Frequently Contaminated with Fecal Bacteria and Enteric Pathogens Globally: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis | ACS Environmental Au

Dr. Don and Professor Ben talk about the risks from occasionally eating icicles off your roof.

Dr. Don - not risky 👍🏼 Professor Ben - not risky 👍🏼

• What Are Roof Shingles? (2025) | Today's Homeowner
• Quality of roof-harvested rainwater – Comparison of different roofing materials - ScienceDirect
• A global review of the microbiological quality and potential health risks associated with roof-harvested rainwater tanks | npj Clean Water
• Microbiological Quality of Roof‐Harvested Rainwater and Health Risks: A Review - Ahmed - 2011 - Journal of Environmental Quality - Wiley Online Library
• An examination of the microbial community and occurrence of potential human pathogens in rainwater harvested from different roofing materials - ScienceDirect
• ChatGPT on icicles
• Meteorologist Explains Why You Should Never Eat Icicles, No Matter How Tempting They Look | IFLScience

Dr. Don and Professor Ben talk about the risks of eating baby poop regularly.

Dr. Don - risky ☣️ Professor Ben - risky ☣️

• (3) Gregory Koch: "Eating baby poop - Risky or Not? @bugcounter.bsky.social @benchapmanncsu.bsky.social" — Bluesky
• Development of intestinal microbiota in infants and its impact on health: Trends in Microbiology
• Bifidobacterium - Wikipedia
• The First Microbial Colonizers of the Human Gut: Composition, Activities, and Health Implications of the Infant Gut Microbiota | Microbiology and Molecular Biology Reviews

Dr. Don and Professor Ben talk about the risks from coffee tasting using shared cups, i.e., coffee cupping.

Dr. Don - not risky 👍🏼 Professor Ben - risky ☣️

• Coffee Cupping: A Step By Step Guide
• Responsible Coffee Cupping During Covid-19 - Perfect Daily Grind
• Detection of Norovirus in Saliva Samples from Acute Gastroenteritis Cases and Asymptomatic Subjects: Association with Age and Higher Shedding in Stool - PMC
• US norovirus outbreaks are up, CDC data show | CIDRAP
• NoroSTAT Data | Norovirus | CDC
• 316. Using Cups to Scoop Water Out of a Shared Bowl — Risky or Not?

Dr. Don and Professor Ben talk about the risks from accidentally leaving your contact lens solution bottle open.

Dr. Don - not risky 👍🏼 Professor Ben - not risky 👍🏼

• Eye & Contact Lens
• The Danger of Using Tap Water with Contact Lenses | US EPA
• National Outbreak of Acanthamoeba Keratitis Associated with Use of a Contact Lens Solution, United States - PMC
• Eye Infections From Contact Lenses - American Academy of Ophthalmology
• Recent Outbreaks of Atypical Contact Lens-Related Keratitis: What Have We Learned? - PMC

Dr. Don and Professor Ben talk about the risks from food in a freezer ajar for 24 hours.

Dr. Don - not risky 👍🏼 Professor Ben - not risky 👍🏼

• Homepage - STOCKART
• Download 1000's of high resolution images | Stockarch Free Stock Photo Archive
• Avoid Foodborne Illness During Temporary Power Outages | FoodSafety.gov
• Food safety experts agree with 'when in doubt, throw it out,' here's why | Fox News

Dr. Don and Professor Ben talk about the risks from cutting bones on a band saw for use in soup stock.

Dr. Don - not risky 👍🏼 Professor Ben - not risky 👍🏼

• Food saws for meat - band saws by Wintersteiger

Dr. Don and Professor Ben talk about the risks of eating expired turkey deli meat.

Dr. Don - not risky 👍🏼 Professor Ben - not risky 👍🏼

• 671. Older Man Kayaking With Fresh Wounds in Water Which Regularly Fails Coliform Tests — Risky or Not?
• The combination of lactate and diacetate synergistically reduces cold growth in brain heart infusion broth across Listeria monocytogenes lineages - PubMed
• Hillshire Farms Ultra Thin Oven Roasted Turkey Breast - 9oz : Target
• People at Increased Risk for Listeria Infection | Listeria Infection | CDC
• Cultured dextrose - Wikipedia
• Sodium phosphate - Wikipedia
• Controlling Listeria monocytogenes and Leuconostoc mesenteroides in Uncured Deli‐style Turkey Breast Using a Clean Label Antimicrobial - Weyker - 2016 - Journal of Food Science - Wiley Online Library
• Inhibition of Listeria monocytogenes by propionic acid-based ingredients in cured deli-style Turkey - PubMed

Dr. Don and Professor Ben talk about the risks of arranging objects on a table using only your face.

Dr. Don - not risky 👍🏼 Professor Ben - not risky 👍🏼

• Taskmaster (TV series) - Wikipedia
• Arrange the Objects Using Only your Face | Full Task | Taskmaster - YouTube
• Egg Storage | Official Egg Info
• Why American Eggs Would Be Illegal In A British Supermarket, And Vice Versa
• Salmonella in Eggs Information | Official Egg Info
• New Government advice: British Lion eggs safe for mums-to-be, babies and elderly people | Egg Recipes – British Lion Eggs

Dr. Don and Professor Ben talk about the risks of eating blueberries that had a new hat fall into them twice.

Dr. Don - not risky 👍🏼 Professor Ben - not risky 👍🏼

• National Women's Soccer League Official Site | NWSL
• put a hat on a hat - Wiktionary, the free dictionary
• Authentic Washington Spirit Merch | NWSL Shop
• 401. Unrefrigerated Jalapeño Queso Dip — Risky or Not?

Dr. Don and Professor Ben talk about the risks of letting your baby lick a snake.

Dr. Don - risky ☣️ Professor Ben - risky ☣️

• The Surprising Reason Babies Are NOT Afraid of Snakes | Secret Science - YouTube
• Public Health Notice: Outbreak of Salmonella infections linked to snakes and rodents - Canada.ca

Dr. Don and Professor Ben talk about the risks of cooking and eating a butternut squash that you found while walking your dog.

Dr. Don - not risky 👍🏼 Professor Ben - not risky 👍🏼

• The Basics of Verbing Nouns | Grammarly Blog
• Scott Adams: Chris and Matt Go to Hell - Decoding the Gurus
• Prevent Rot of Winter Squash in Storage
• The Only Way To Store Butternut Squash, According to a Food Expert

Dr. Don and Professor Ben talk about the risks of using the alley behind your butcher shop for staging turkey smoking.

Dr. Don - not risky 👍🏼 Professor Ben - not risky 👍🏼

• Microwave Sparking? 5 Common Causes - Ocean Appliance
• Feast of the Seven Fishes - Wikipedia
• An Italian American Christmas: It's not Traditional, but It's Our Tradition | Italian Sons and Daughters of America
• Belmont Butchery with your turkey in a filthy alley : r/rva
• You All Owe Belmont Butchery an Apology : r/rva
• Regarding alley turkeys : r/rva
• Home - Belmont Butchery

Dr. Don and Professor Ben talk about the risks of leaving cookies and milk out for Santa, and carrots for his reindeer.

Dr. Don - not risky 👍🏼 Professor Ben - not risky 👍🏼

• How To Celebrate The Winter Solstice
• How does Santa make it around the world in one night? | HowStuffWorks
• Is Santa Claus immune to COVID-19? - YouTube
• Immunologists convinced Santa has a great immune system - News & Events | Trinity College Dublin

Dr. Don and Professor Ben talk about the risks associated with mysterious green spots in ice cream.

Dr. Don - risky ☣️ Professor Ben - risky ☣️

• Jeni's Ice Creams
• A Greenish-Black Discoloration of Chocolate Ice Cream

Dr. Don and Professor Ben talk about the risks from eating homemade roasted sriracha chickpeas left at room temperature for three days.

Dr. Don - risky ☣️ Professor Ben - risky ☣️

• Roasted Sriracha Chickpeas - ShortGirlTallOrder
• Easy Roasted Chickpeas - Super Healthy Kids

Dr. Don and Professor Ben talk about the risks from using expired pasteurized cows milk used for yogurt.

Dr. Don - not risky 👍🏼 Professor Ben - not risky 👍🏼

• 563. Chris's Yogurt Without Heating — Risky or Not?
• 128. Milk on the Counter Over Night — Risky or Not?
• Foods Near the End of Their Shelf Life - Consumption Recommendations | Consumer Food Waste Community of Practice | Connect
• Staphylococcus aureus Toxin Formation in Hydrated Batter Mixes

Dr. Don and Professor Ben talk about the risks of eating fruit that has been bitten by a bat

Dr. Don - risky ☣️ Professor Ben - risky ☣️

• Teacher Bitten By Bat In Classroom Dies Of Rabies
• Zoonotic Exposures: Bites, Stings, Scratches & Other Hazards | CDC Yellow Book 2024
• Unrecognized diversity of mammalian orthoreoviruses in North American bats - ScienceDirect
• Rabies - Frequently Asked Questions | Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service
• Ecology and Host Identity Outweigh Evolutionary History in Shaping the Bat Microbiome | mSystems
• Bats: Important Reservoir Hosts of Emerging Viruses | Clinical Microbiology Reviews
• Bluesky Climbs to 24 Million Users, AOC Now Has 1 Million Followers: Should You Join? - CNET

Dr. Don and Professor Ben talk about the risks of reusing a tomato sauce lid after it has been licked by a dog.

Dr. Don - not risky 👍🏼 Professor Ben - not risky 👍🏼

• Hit Somebody! (The Hockey Song) - YouTube
• Microbiota populations in supragingival plaque, subgingival plaque, and saliva habitats of adult dogs | Animal Microbiome
• The Impact of Dogs Oral Microbiota on Human Health: A review – Biosciences Biotechnology Research Asia
• Cultivable Oral Microbiota of Domestic Dogs | Journal of Clinical Microbiology
• Dog Saliva: 9 Facts You Should Know | PetMD
• 700. Dog Tongue Kiss — Risky or Not?

Dr. Don and Professor Ben talk about the risks from washing poultry blotting towels in cold water.

Dr. Don - risky ☣️ Professor Ben - not risky 👍🏼

• Kitchen cloths: Consumer practices, drying properties and bacterial growth and survival - ScienceDirect
• 1 Million Dollars Scene | AUSTIN POWERS (1997) Movie CLIP HD - YouTube

Dr. Don and Professor Ben talk about the risks from eating a paper ballot.

Dr. Don - not risky 👍🏼 Professor Ben - not risky 👍🏼

• Arc de Triomphe - Wikipedia
• Acrylamide | ToxFAQs™ | ATSDR
• Safety Data Sheet - Voters Ink
• An unusual case of xylophagia (paper-eating) - PMC
• Do By Friday
• ChatGPT- is it safe to eat a paper ballot
• A meta‐analysis of pica and micronutrient status - Miao - 2015 - American Journal of Human Biology - Wiley Online Library
• ChatGPT - how many episodes make an arc?

Dr. Don and Professor Ben talk about the risks using a strangers paper napkin found in a parking lot.

Dr. Don - not risky 👍🏼 Professor Ben - not risky 👍🏼

• Keep America Beautiful: The Crying Indian (1970) - YouTube
• Iron Eyes Cody - Wikipedia
• First Thanksgiving - SNL - YouTube

Dr. Don and Professor Ben talk about the risks of reusing a paper towel used to cover microwaved Kraft Dinner.

Dr. Don - not risky 👍🏼 Professor Ben - not risky 👍🏼

• Kraft Dinner - Wikipedia
• Barenaked Ladies – If I Had $1,000,000 Lyrics | Genius Lyrics
• Can you use the plastic cake covers you get at the store and use them as microwave covers? - Quora
• ChatGPT - Microwaving Mac and Cheese

Dr. Don and Professor Ben talk about the risks reusing unwashed cutlery that has food particles attached.

Dr. Don - not risky 👍🏼 Professor Ben - not risky 👍🏼

• Food Utensil Bacteriology - PMC
• Microbiological assessment of cutleries - MedCrave online
• Contamination of knives and graters by bacterial foodborne pathogens during slicing and grating of produce - ScienceDirect
• Enterobacter aerogenes B199A May Be an Effective Surrogate for Quantifying Transfer of Salmonella Newport 96E01152C-TX from Cucumber Peel to Edible Flesh and Peeler during Peeling - ScienceDirect

Dr. Don and Professor Ben talk about the risks associated by getting kissed once by your dog with tongue.

Dr. Don - not risky 👍🏼 Professor Ben - not risky 👍🏼

• 284. Dog Kisses — Risky or Not?
• Grey Cup - Wikipedia
• People Kissing Dogs in Mouth | TikTok
• Zoonoses in the Bedroom CDC podcast transcript
• Zoonoses in the Bedroom - Volume 17, Number 2—February 2011 - Emerging Infectious Diseases journal - CDC
• Pasturella Multocida Meningitis in a Dog Lover (or Don't Kiss Pets!)
• Pasturella multocida meningitis in a dog lover (or don't kiss pets!) - PubMed
• Pasteurella multocida sepsis–should immunocompromised patients give up their pets? - PubMed
• Merch — Risky or Not?
• ChatGPT - Canadian man and dog

Dr. Don and Professor Ben talk about the risks from using a black plastic spatula.

Dr. Don - not risky 👍🏼 Professor Ben - not risky 👍🏼

• Throw Out Your Black Plastic Spatula - The Atlantic
• Black plastics: Linear and circular economies, hazardous additives and marine pollution - ScienceDirect
• Food Packaging & Other Substances that Come in Contact with Food - Information for Consumers | FDA
• Mercer Culinary M35110GY Hell's Tools® 12" Gray High Temperature Slotted Turner / Spatula
• Precautionary principle - Wikipedia
• Black Plastic Kitchen Tools Might Expose You to Toxic Chemicals. Here's What to Use Instead. | Reviews by Wirecutter
• Brominated flame retardants in black plastic kitchen utensils: Concentrations and human exposure implications - ScienceDirect

Dr. Don and Professor Ben talk about the risks associated with deep frying a turkey.

Dr. Don - not risky 👍🏼 Professor Ben - not risky 👍🏼

• AB's safer method of deep frying a turkey Some assembly required : r/PaymoneyWubby
• Shatner Loses it in Recording Studio - YouTube
• Thanksgiving Day Fires in Residential Buildings (2014-2016)
• Deep-fried Turkey: Delicious or Dangerous? | scienceandfooducla
• Turkey Fryer Fire Safety
• William Shatner Turkey Fryer - YouTube
• Michael D. Brown - Wikipedia
• Thomas Elbert Fletcher - Obituary - Kathleen, GA - Paulk Funeral Homes | CurrentObituary.com
• Merch — Risky or Not?

Dr. Don and Professor Ben talk about the risks from Thanksgiving leftovers.

Dr. Don - not risky 👍🏼 Professor Ben - not risky 👍🏼

• FoodKeeper App | FoodSafety.gov
• Cooling Uncovered Foods at a Depth of ∼5.1 cm (2 in.) or Less Poses Little Risk of Pathogen Growth - ScienceDirect
• Merch — Risky or Not?

Dr. Don and Professor Ben talk about the risks from thawing a turkey in the garage.

Dr. Don - not risky 👍🏼 Professor Ben - not risky 👍🏼

• 631. Thawing a Whole Turkey in a Hot Garage Twice — Risky or Not?
• 86. Thawing Poultry at Room Temperature — Risky or Not?
• Don Schaffner 🦠 on X: "Room temperature thawing of frozen meat is an interesting topic that comes up from time to time. If you check all of the food safety advice websites they will tell you that it is not safe to do this. (1/18)" / X
• The effect of different thawing methods on the growth of bacteria in chicken
• Thawing turkeys at ambient air temperatures food technology - Google Scholar
• Consumer food handling recommendations: is thawing of turkey a food safety issue? - PubMed
• Merch — Risky or Not?

Dr. Don and Professor Ben talk about the risks from rinsing your turkey in the sink.

Dr. Don - risky ☣️ Professor Ben - risky ☣️

• 1: Non-Canonical First Episode — Risky or Not?
• Food Safety Consumer Research Project: Meal Preparation Experiment Related to Poultry Washing
• A brief history of chicken washing
• Should You Wash Chicken?
• Nutrition Security and Food Safety in Rural Texas - College of Agriculture Food and Natural Resources
• Merch — Risky or Not?

Dr. Don and Professor Ben talk about the risks from relying on a pop up thermometer.

Dr. Don - risky ☣️ Professor Ben - risky ☣️

• Kitchen Thermometers | Food Safety and Inspection Service
• Developing a Citizen Science Method to Collect Whole Turkey Thermometer Usage Behaviors
• Changes in Lighting Source Can Produce Inaccurate Assessment of Visual Poultry Doneness and Induce Consumers To Eat Undercooked Ground Turkey Patties - ScienceDirect
• Merch — Risky or Not?

Dr. Don and Professor Ben talk about the risks posed by inexperienced home chefs and potlucks.

Dr. Don - not risky 👍🏼 Professor Ben - not risky 👍🏼

• CDC identifies bacteria that killed 3 who ate church meal | Food Safety News
• Bacteria that killed 3 at Antioch Thanksgiving dinner pinpointed
• Consumer Food Handling in the Home: A Review of Food Safety Studies - ScienceDirect
• Food Safety in Home Kitchens: A Synthesis of the Literature
• Where Does Foodborne Illness Happen—in the Home, at Foodservice, or Elsewhere—and Does It Matter? | Foodborne Pathogens and Disease
• Merch — Risky or Not?

Dr. Don and Professor Ben talk about the risks of eating guacamole left out overnight.

Dr. Don - risky ☣️ Professor Ben - risky ☣️

• Mild Guacamole - Yucatan Guacamole
• Yucatan Authentic Guacamole 16 oz, 16 oz - Kroger
• Avocados - Food Source Information
• Behavior of Listeria monocytogenes in Avocado Pulp and Processed Guacamole - ScienceDirect
• Effect of storage temperature and time on the behavior of Salmonella, Listeria monocytogenes, and background microbiota on whole fresh avocados (Persea americana var Hass) - ScienceDirect
• Evaluation of Avocados as a Possible Source of Listeria monocytogenes Infections, United States, 2016 to 2019 - ScienceDirect
• Growth Kinetics of Listeria monocytogenes in Cut Produce - ScienceDirect

Dr. Don and Professor Ben talk about the risks of drinking a freeze dried beef organs and colostrum smoothie.

Dr. Don - risky ☣️ Professor Ben - risky ☣️

• Social Media Analytics and Publishing - Fedica (Formerly Tweepsmap)
• Post | LinkedIn
• Erewhon's Raw Animal-Based Smoothie has organs, unpasteurized dairy - Los Angeles Times
• Erewhon
• How to Pronounce Erewhon (Correctly!) - YouTube
• Bovine lymph nodes as a source of Escherichia coli contamination of the meat - ScienceDirect
• Merch — Risky or Not?

Dr. Don and Professor Ben talk about the risks of letting a toddler eat raw flour.

Dr. Don - risky ☣️ Professor Ben - risky ☣️

• 684. Recalled Treehouse Waffles — Risky or Not?
• Brantford - Wikipedia
• Consumption of Raw Flour in the United States: Results from the 2019 U.S. Food and Drug Administration Food Safety and Nutrition Survey - ScienceDirect
• Consumer Knowledge and Behaviors Regarding Food Safety Risks Associated with Wheat Flour - ScienceDirect
• Notes from the Field: Multistate Outbreak of Escherichia coli O26 Infections Linked to Raw Flour — United States, 2019 | MMWR
• Raw Flour and Dough | Food Safety | CDC
• Uncooked Flour: A Hazardous Ingredient?
• Thermal Inactivation of Salmonella enterica and Nonpathogenic Bacterial Surrogates in Wheat Flour by Baking in a Household Oven - ScienceDirect
• Merch — Risky or Not?

Dr. Don and Professor Ben talk about the risks from eating mussels still unopened after cooking.

Dr. Don - not risky 👍🏼 Professor Ben - not risky 👍🏼

• What does it mean if a clam is open or closed before cooking? Is one better to eat than the other, and why? - Quora
• Why can't you eat shellfish that didn't open during cooking? : r/AskCulinary
• Mussel Did You Knows - Mussel Facts - PEI Mussels Information
• Mussels | Interstate Shellfish Sanitation Conference
• A comparative study of the effect of different cooking methods on the quality and shucking of mussels - Marinopoulou - 2022 - Journal of Food Processing and Preservation - Wiley Online Library
• A comparative study of the effect of different cooking methods on the quality and shucking of mussels
• The Rule About Not Eating Closed Mussels Is Actually Complicated
• Improving Post Harvest Handling to Add Value to Farmed Mussels, Report Prepared By Nick V. Ruello
• Evaluating food safety risk messages in popular cookbooks | Emerald Insight
• Gwyneth Paltrow: Crawling with parasites and in need of a cleanse - Decoding the Gurus

Dr. Don and Professor Ben talk about the risks of slivered onions today in light of the ongoing outbreak.

Dr. Don - not risky 👍🏼 Professor Ben - not risky 👍🏼

• E. coli Outbreak Linked to McDonald's Quarter Pounders | E. coli infection | CDC
• Taylor Farms: Leading Producer of Healthy Salads & Fresh Foods
• E. Coli Outbreak Tied to McDonald's Widens to 75 People in 13 States - The New York Times
• California firm recalls onion products amid E. coli outbreak - Los Angeles Times
• Outbreak Investigation of E. coli O157:H7: McDonald's Quarter Pounders (October 2024) | FDA
• US Foods reports Taylor Farms has issued a recall of whole and diced raw onions : r/Cooking
• US Foods reports Taylor Farms has issued a recall of whole and diced raw onions | Food Safety News
• US Foods recall notification
• Publisher's Platform: A Bit(e) of McDonald's E. coli history | Food Safety News
• Publications on the Microbial Safety of Onions
• Taylor Farms Colorado Foodservice Voluntary Yellow Onion Recall - Taylor Farms
• Outbreak Investigation of Salmonella: Onions (October 2023) | FDA
• Survival or Growth of Inoculated Escherichia coli O157:H7 and Salmonella on Yellow Onions (Allium cepa)under Conditions Simulating Food Service and Consumer Handling and Storage - ScienceDirect
• Modification of the Definition of TCS Foods | Council III | 2023 Biennial Meeting | Conference for Food Protection | Conference for Food Protection

Dr. Don and Professor Ben talk about the risks from eating Nerds Gummy Clusters (when you are not allergic to Carmine B).

Dr. Don - not risky 👍🏼 Professor Ben - not risky 👍🏼

• Nerds Gummy Clusters: The internet is obsessed. That was entirely by design.
• Color Additives | FDA
• Small Entity Compliance Guide: Declaration by Name on the Label of All Foods and Cosmetic Products that Contain Cochineal Extract and Carmine | FDA
• Color Additives Questions and Answers for Consumers | FDA
• Color Additives History | FDA
• The Truth About Red Food Dye Made from Bugs | Live Science
• Carmine - Wikipedia
• Crunchy Gummy Yummy - Nerds
• Tiny, Tangy Crunchy Dual Flavoured NERDS Candy
• Sour Patch Kids | Snackworks
• Amazon.com : Maynards Wine Gums Bag 165g (Pack of 6) : Grocery & Gourmet Food
• Doctor Who: Jelly Baby Supercut – 4th Doctor/Tom Baker Tribute (2020) - YouTube
• Flavoring and Coloring Agents: Health Risks and Potential Problems - ScienceDirect
• Cochineal dye-induced immediate allergy: Review of Japanese cases and proposed new diagnostic chart - ScienceDirect
• Samhain - Wikipedia

Dr. Don and Professor Ben talk about the risks of eating an egg fried on Astroturf.

Dr. Don - risky ☣️ Professor Ben - risky ☣️

• Heat Levels — Safe Healthy Playing Fields
• Toxicity/Carcinogens — Safe Healthy Playing Fields
• "The Artificial Turf at the Women's World Cup Was Reportedly 120 Degrees at Kick Off" — Safe Healthy Playing Fields
• The artificial turf at the Women's World Cup was reportedly 120 degrees at kick off - The Washington Post
• Surface Temperature of Synthetic Turf
• ChatGPT - Eggs on Astro-turf Risky

Dr. Don and Professor Ben talk about the risks of pouring unused maple syrup back into the container.

Dr. Don - not risky 👍🏼 Professor Ben - not risky 👍🏼

• Identification of Microbial Spoilage in Maple Syrup Samples
• Mold in Maple Syrup
• Fungi in Ontario maple syrup & some factors that determine the presence of mold damage - ScienceDirect
• Fungi Associated with Pure Maple Syrup Packed at the Minimum Recommended Reheating Temperature - ScienceDirect
• Brix: The Essential Knowledge
• The Science of Syrup - Maine Maple Producers Association
• Maple Food Safety Plans - Cooperative Extension: Maple Syrup Production
• The Role Of Spoilage Fungi In Seed Deterioration
• Province of Manitoba | agriculture - Water Content and Water Activity: Two Factors That Affect Food Safety

Dr. Don and Professor Ben talk about the risks from waffles currently recalled for Listeria monocytogenes.

Dr. Don - not risky 👍🏼 Professor Ben - not risky 👍🏼

• 559. Waffles — Risky or Not?
• Merch — Risky or Not?
• "We promise not to waffle" graphic tee, long sleeve tee, tank, onesie, pullover crewneck, and pullover hoodie by Don Schaffner. | Cotton Bureau
• TreeHouse Foods Announces Voluntary Recall of Certain Waffle Products Due to the Potential for Listeria monocytogenes Contamination | FDA
• Updated Parameters for Listeria monocytogenes Dose–Response Model Considering Pathogen Virulence and Age and Sex of Consumer
• Listeria monocytogenes Dose Response Revisited—Incorporating Adjustments for Variability in Strain Virulence and Host Susceptibility - Pouillot* - 2015 - Risk Analysis - Wiley Online Library
• Listeria monocytogenes: Low Levels Equal Low Risk - ScienceDirect
• Frozen Waffle Recall for Listeria | TreeHouse Foods - Consumer Reports
• TreeHouse Foods expands listeria-linked waffles recall to all products
• TreeHouse Foods, Inc. - TreeHouse Foods Announces Expansion of Voluntary Recall to Include All Waffle and Pancake Products Due to the Potential for Listeria monocytogenes Contamination
• Brantford - Wikipedia
• TreeHouse Foods-Voluntary Recall FAQs Oct-22-24.pdf

Dr. Don and Professor Ben talk about the risks posed by clumpy pumpkin spice creamer stored in an overfull church refrigerator.

Dr. Don - risky ☣️ Professor Ben - not risky 👍🏼

• 423. Pastor Pinkston's Plentiful Pork Products — Risky or Not?
• If you pour cream in your coffee and it's lumpy like cottage cheese but it smells ok, is it bad or can you drink it? - Quora
• boor milk spoiklage - Google Scholar
• Food Spoilage Microorganisms - Google Books
• Psychrotolerant spore-former growth characterization for the development of a dairy spoilage predictive model - ScienceDirect
• Short communication: Bacterial ecology of high-temperature, short-time pasteurized milk processed in the United States - ScienceDirect
• Gene detection and toxin production evaluation of hemolysin BL of Bacillus cereus isolated from milk and dairy products marketed in Brazil - PMC
• A Study To Assess the Numbers and Prevalence of Bacillus cereus and Its Toxins in Pasteurized Fluid Milk - PubMed
• Clouds in My Coffee - Wikipedia
• Acids in brewed coffees: Chemical composition and sensory threshold - ScienceDirect
• Death Wish Coffee's cold brew recalled from shelves (botulism risk) : r/Coffee

Dr. Don and Professor Ben talk about the risks from storing food in a glass jar that used to be a fish tank.

Dr. Don - not risky 👍🏼 Professor Ben - not risky 👍🏼

• How long did your betta live/How old is your betta? : r/bettafish
• Bacterial zoonoses of fishes: A review and appraisal of evidence for linkages between fish and human infections - ScienceDirect
• Mycobacteria - an overview | ScienceDirect Topics
• method to evaluate factors influencing the microbial reduction in domestic dishwashers | Journal of Applied Microbiology | Oxford Academic
• Development of a new method to identify parameters affecting the microbial reduction in domestic dishwashers
• Microbial Diversity and Potential Pathogens in Ornamental Fish Aquarium Water | PLOS ONE
• Reduction of faecal coliform, coliform and heterotrophic plate count bacteria in the household kitchen and bathroom by disinfection with hypochlorite cleaners | Journal of Applied Microbiology | Oxford Academic

Dr. Don and Professor Ben talk about the risks from eating raw cookie dough from Cookie Dough Dreams in LA.

Dr. Don - not risky 👍🏼 Professor Ben - not risky 👍🏼

• Never Not Funny – The Jimmy Pardo Podcast.
• Home - Cookie Dough Dreams
• Press - Cookie Dough Dreams
• #1 Organic and #1 Fair Trade Coffee – Death Wish Coffee
• Salmonella Outbreak Linked to Raw Cookie Dough | CDC
• New Burbank dessert store serves safe-to-eat cookie batter
• Heat Treated Flour & Delivery System - SafeGuard® | Ardent Mills
• Thermal Inactivation of Salmonella enterica and Nonpathogenic Bacterial Surrogates in Wheat Flour by Baking in a Household Oven - ScienceDirect
• Heat resistance of Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli and potential surrogates in wheat flour at two moisture levels - ScienceDirect

Dr. Don and Professor Ben talk about the risks from drinking single barrel bourbon with a cork that looks moldy.

Dr. Don - not risky 👍🏼 Professor Ben - not risky 👍🏼

• Corked Wine, Cork Taint, Musty Odours: What to Do
• Cork taint - Wikipedia
• Cork looks moldy. Would it still be ok. : r/whiskey
• Corked whisky - fact or myth? - Whisky and Wisdom
• What Is Whiskey Fungus and Is it Dangerous? | HowStuffWorks
• Black Fungal Growth and Distilleries | BYGL
• Kentucky's Whiskey Fungus Problem Is Out of Control
• (PDF) Biology of the Whiskey Fungus | James A Scott - Academia.edu
• Baudoinia compniacensis - Wikipedia
• https://www.in.gov/health/eph/files/Baudoinia-compniacensis-Fact-Sheet-Final-March-2019.pdf
• Multilocus DNA sequencing of the whiskey fungus reveals a continental-scale speciation pattern - PMC
• Whiskey Fungus Smothers Town In Tennessee