ELI5 Explain Like I'm 5: Bite sized answers to stuff you should know about - in a mini podcast

How does the technology work to determine if a tennis ball is in or out? How accurate is it? Why is it difficult to replace all sports officials with systems like hawk eye?

... We explain like i'm five!

Thank you to the r/explainlikeimfive community and in particular the following users whose questions and comments formed the basis of this discussion: lo0rdAri, wanikuma, capnaspen, carlr818, keklenny06, woda8566 and th3_gruff

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Why is tennis scored so oddly? Why do pro tennis players always take 3-4 balls and then discard some immediately before serving? Why do tennis ball cans have a soda lid on them? How does hawk-eye work?

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Thank you to the r/explainlikeimfive community and in particular the following users whose questions and comments formed the basis of this discussion: lo0rdAri, wanikuma, capnaspen, carlr818, keklenny06, woda8566 and th3_gruff

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What is happening physically in us when we create a memory? Do our brains move memory in our brains when they transition from short term to long term memory? Why are different types of memories stored in different parts of the brain? What happens to memories when we are drunk?

... We explain like i'm five!

Thank you to the r/explainlikeimfive community and in particular the following users whose questions and comments formed the basis of this discussion: lyusifer, tohellwithclevernames, userxblade, gnonthgol, corvinousboy, riedgu, dragonclaud, rebelscientist, fronw-umbrella & emhaz4

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Why is carbon fiber often used as a stick to hit objects in sporting goods? What's the difference between fiberglass, kevlar, and carbon fiber? What makes CFRP so strong? 

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Thank you to the r/explainlikeimfive community and in particular the following users whose questions and comments formed the basis of this discussion: seneca_ivbc, robellicose, one_eyed_bear, archangel087, myboo29, barael, vchipeur & ponk_bonk

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What's the difference between the shiny and dull side of aluminum foil? Are you supposed to cook with one side rather than the other? Why is it called tin foil if it's made of aluminum? Why does tinfoil affect teeth nerves so much? Why is it alumiNUM in the US and aliuminIUM in the UK?

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Thank you to the r/explainlikeimfive community and in particular the following users whose questions and comments formed the basis of this discussion: genoooooo, rataridicta, originfoomanchu, bigmax, randomly_redditing, torakmclaren & odd_sonder

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What are hedge funds? Explain short selling like I'm five. What creates the phenomenon known as a short squeeze and how have people lost or made a ton of money because of it?

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Thank you to the r/explainlikeimfive community and in particular the following users whose questions and comments formed the basis of this discussion: humulous, imovedyourcheese, door_of_doom, eli5_modteam, the_friendly_skeptic & bradorsomething

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What makes a cough dry? What goes on in your body when you cough? Why does a drink of water help with a cough? Can people in a coma cough? Can you really fracture a rib just by coughing?

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Thank you to the r/explainlikeimfive community and in particular the following users whose questions and comments formed the basis of this discussion: a6zj6, hblovesmicro, medic_228, simmep, whiteman90909, evo180x, gnonthgol, hintoflime and cymbal_king.

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Dentists recommend flossing all the time, but why don't they suggest the use of mouthwash as much? Can or can't you rebuild enamel with mouthwash or toothpaste products? Why does mouthwash cause a burning sensation in your mouth? Why was it named Listerine and what was the event that made it take off?

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Thank you to the r/explainlikeimfive community and in particular the following users whose questions and comments formed the basis of this discussion: billclinton09, ameoba, themuffinman91, zem_42, shinecleaningseattle & thekidinme.

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What mistake did Napoleon make when he considered building the Suez Canal? Explain the Suez Crisis and the six day war that closed the Suez Canal for eight years. Is that boat that got stuck called the Evergreen or EverGiven? 

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Thank you to the r/explainlikeimfive community and also the r/askhistorians community this week, and in particular the following users whose questions and comments formed the basis of this discussion: geekington, randomuser1914, internetboyfriend666, sirtoastymuffin, garboyeezus, gracchus__babeuf & wotan_weevil

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Explain the "Tulip Mania" craze in the 1600s in Netherlands and why it was important? Why did people get into trouble with futures and options contracts? How much did a tulip cost at the height of the bubble (in multiples of a person's annual salary)?

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Thank you to the r/explainlikeimfive community as always and in particular the following users whose questions and comments formed the basis of this discussion: packersfan8512, diablevert13, ledradiofloyd, omegastar19 & blueskies12

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tulip_mania

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What is all the excitement about NFTs or Non Fungible Tokens? Why did someone pay nearly $70 million dollars for a piece of digital art? Why pay for something that you can simply copy and paste? Is something valuable if it is media that can be viewed all over the internet?

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Thank you to the r/explainlikeimfive community as always and in particular the following users whose questions and comments formed the basis of this discussion: portarossa, brilliantlylouise, basm4, slippery, k_davver & echelon_trigger

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Why are too little inflation as well as too much inflation both bad? What is the gold standard? Why did almost all countries abandon it in the 20th century?

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Thank you to the r/explainlikeimfive community as always and in particular the following users whose questions and comments formed the basis of this discussion: yellowjacketcoder, bruceleefuckyeah, gradenko_2000, fencerman, silent-ambition1399, workingatbeingbetter & obamanibblesnomaam

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Are there ways we can slow the degradation of our smartphone batteries? Why does it seem like a wireless house phone battery can last for many more years than a smartphone battery? Why do traditional cars lack any decent ability to warn the driver that the battery is low or about to die? Why does hitting a flashlight when the batteries are low keep it working for a short time?

... We explain like i'm five!

Thank you to the r/explainlikeimfive community as always and in particular the following users whose questions and comments formed the basis of this discussion: just_isaac, llevin5, steve204, crazy_eric, branden798, biff64gc, victorziblis, redol1963, logically_hindered, apatharas & sheppenwolf

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Why does lightning travel in a zig-zag rather than a straight line?So why does it strike precise points such as the end of a pole? If the average lightning bolt contains up to 1 billion volts, how is it that humans can survive being struck? How many times does the Empire State Building get stuck by lightning every year?

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Thank you to the r/explainlikeimfive community as always and in particular the following users whose questions and comments formed the basis of this discussion: mjconns, lollersauce914, edwinshap, josephwb, lithium, revraven, piho36, cleanasuhwhistle1, gleddez, mg2r,

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Why are men so much more likely to be colorblind? How do colourblind people know they’re colourblind? How are colourblind people able to recognize the colors when they put on those special glasses, when they have never seen those colors before? Do 3D glasses still work if you are colorblind?

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Thank you to the r/explainlikeimfive community as always and in particular the following users whose questions and comments formed the basis of this discussion: idk_what_a_name_is, mandydax, nathanwick, tiny_hay, mejasper, deustaurus, un0m, batmanssidepunch & imbadatreddit69

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Why is soccer not as popular in America, as compared to American Football? Where did the name soccer come from? Did you know that its official name is Association Football? How do soccer players bend a soccer ball?

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Thank you to the r/explainlikeimfive community as always and in particular the following users whose questions and comments formed the basis of this discussion: 1632,flysayah, zbignich, danplashkes, mullacc, cutth & southpawswede

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Does the visible streak an airplane leaves behind depend on the type of plane? Why do some airplanes leave streaks and others don't? What conditions make for good contrails? Why don't jet engines have a grill in front of them to stop birds etc getting sucked in? What are chemtrails?

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Thank you to the r/explainlikeimfive community as always and in particular the following users whose questions and comments formed the basis of this discussion: runiat, erratic_professional, koleslaw, concise_pirate, thekeffa, lnl_hutz, gnonthgol & zer0summoner

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How does an air fryer work? Isn't it just a fancy convection oven? Is it really more healthy? What does the air fryer have in common with the instant pot?

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Thank you to the r/explainlikeimfive community as always and in particular the following users whose questions and comments formed the basis of this discussion: rritaintme, jaksblacks, whythecynic, muffinpuff, exnato, osgjps, greenstrong, kaki_kencing & xelopheris

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Why do we feel like throwing up after intense exercise? What is the significance of the Medulla Oblongata? Why are some people more prone to nausea? What are some practical tips for reducing exercise induced nausea?

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Thank you to the r/explainlikeimfive community as always and in particular the following users whose questions and comments formed the basis of this discussion: palcatraz, fogwound, pepeandmrduck, andzjan & askymojo

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What is it about grapefruit that makes it incompatible with so many prescription drugs? What is CYP3A4? What about other similar fruits? Why the name grapefruit if there's no relation to grapes?

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Thank you to the r/explainlikeimfive community as always and in particular the following users whose questions and comments formed the basis of this discussion: z-freak, smitten430kittens, 2pam, mistmanx, unusually_awkward, zldfn101, iamlizzy1, capt_groomp, dooks4introvert, notyogrannysgrandkid, femifoodie & tgpineapple

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Why does cooked food sometimes offer more calories than its raw counterpart? If you eat a 2000 calorie meal, why can you still feel hungry after a few hours? Why is restaurant food vastly more calorie dense than preparing food at home? Why is it good to burn calories by raising your heart rate through aerobic exercise, but not through caffeine, stress, anxiety, etc?

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Thank you to the r/explainlikeimfive community as always and in particular the following users whose questions and comments formed the basis of this discussion: oakteach, medstudent0302, f0me, burr-0ak, ellejaexo, ubusit, catsgomooo, draganoid16, cdb03b, tsmapp, deardiary, dbx99, cptmorgan1991, stargate525 and duel_loser.

Study referenced on Association of Physical Activity Intensity With Mortality:

https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamainternalmedicine/article-abstract/2772939

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Why does blood not stick to human skin like a permanent marker, yet stains things like clothes really badly? How does circulation work after an amputation? How many blood types are there? What does A B & O mean? If blood in your veins looks blue, why do we never see blue blood when we get a cut?

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Thank you to the r/explainlikeimfive community as always and in particular the following users whose questions and comments formed the basis of this discussion: liquidbottle, old_story, uniwersal, turbotitan92, despicablenewb, alloftheabove12, kyylye, somepoet, skillyskally & phage0070

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If an earthquake is the moving of a giant plate, why is the epicenter a single point and not the entire fault line? How do they make buildings earthquake proof? When did an earthquake shift an entire island?

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Thank you to the r/explainlikeimfive community as always and in particular the following users whose questions and comments formed the basis of this discussion: tridax00, pychomp, abtino11, raidere, tattedspyder, moodoperator, mesaisthesenate, uyscutipuffjr, mintaka3579 & spcialkfpc

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Why aren't hot dogs sold at fast food places, while burgers are everywhere? How are hot dogs part of McDonald's founding story? How does Joey Chestnut's body deal with 70 hotdogs in 10 minutes? Where did the name hot dogs even come from?

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Why do most pen caps have holes? When a pen quits half way through the word, why will it write on a fresh piece of paper but not over the letter it failed on? Why do some people call the ball point pen a biro pen?

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Thank you to the r/explainlikeimfive community as always and in particular the following users whose questions and comments formed the basis of this discussion: smalltownmortician, sonderfrission, conspiratorm & capilot

For some cool science experiments to do with dry ice, check out this site: https://dryiceinfo.com/science.htm

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How is dry ice made? Why does metal make a 'screaming sound' when dry ice is touched to it? Is it possible to make fizzy fruit with it? Why should we never put dry ice into a swimming pool?

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For some cool science experiments to do with dry ice, check out this site: https://dryiceinfo.com/science.htm

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What is so special about the blue variety of LED? Why do LEDs still get so hot if they are supposed to be energy efficient? If LEDs were invented in the 1960s, why have they only become popular in the last decade or two? Why did the blue LED warrant a Nobel Prize in Physics?

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Thank you to the r/explainlikeimfive community as always and in particular the following users whose questions and comments formed the basis of this discussion: laser_lens_4, spud4, jtw24, brierrat, loderman, audigex, chickencereal, agouti & emblem619

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Why does the world seem so quiet when it’s snowing outside? How is a snowflake formed? What atmospheric conditions make for a perfect snowflake? What makes perfect ski snow?

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Thank you to the r/explainlikeimfive community as always and in particular the following users whose questions and comments formed the basis of this discussion: xanthilamide, thegreengenie, justaphilange, squirting_nachos & birdiemachine

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Explain asteroids vs comets vs meteoroids? An asteroid sample from the asteroid Bennu is now on its way back to earth (due in 2023) - why does NASA want to catch an asteroid and send samples back to earth? Did a meteorite kill the dinosaurs?

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Thank you to the r/explainlikeimfive community as always and in particular the following users whose questions and comments formed the basis of this discussion: neil1859, ultimateagentm, greenlandys, wayfareandwanderlust & mq7cqzsbk

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Why did Pluto suddenly became a dwarf planet? Why did they change it in 2006, and who defined what makes a planet and what doesn't? Why did we get so excited about new photos of Pluto a few years ago?

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Thank you to the r/explainlikeimfive community as always and in particular the following users whose questions and comments formed the basis of this discussion: silentwalrus92, calc3, ursus1337, sirkendizzle, lithium, staggerlee024, mason11987, lonewolf220 & bobbycorwin123.

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Why is a town in Canada called Asbestos? If cancer is a bad mutation of a cell, how does a fiber like asbestos cause it? What made asbestos so popular in the first place? If asbestos causes cancer, why isn't fiberglass as deadly?

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Why does MSG have a bad reputation? What is Monosodium Glutamate? How does it make everything taste delicious? What is umami taste? Is MSG really unhealthy for you, or is that a myth?

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Why haven’t there been more ridiculously fast planes built, like the SR-71 over the last few decades? What was the real reason that the Concorde stopped flying? Did Richard Branson nearly buy it? What about fast planes in the future?

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Why do adult shampoos sting your eyes while kid shampoos are eye friendly? What is the difference between shampoo, soap and shower gel? Why is it that no matter the color of the shampoo, the foam is always the same - white? If shampoo strips away oil and conditioner adds oil, how are 2 in 1 shampoo + conditioner products possible?

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Thank you to the r/explainlikeimfive community as always and in particular the following users whose questions and comments formed the basis of this discussion: jackthejokey, p33k4y, jesshashobbies, fawkesfan, train_of_thoughts, zeekidc2, war-gear2004, squeezypoofs, droccafella03, kobusa, lumpywon, nokvok & omapuppet.

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How does the body get vitamin D from the sun? Why is vitamin D not actually a vitamin? Why do we need it? What foods are high in vitamin D? What happens if we get too much? Why are there so many types of vitamin B (e.g. B1, B2, B3, B6, B9, etc), but only one type of some other vitamins (such as C and D)?

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Thank you to the r/explainlikeimfive community as always and in particular the following users whose questions and comments formed the basis of this discussion: mbisme, mcmustang51, monstrag, gnonthgol, myhandsunclean, mitobear, lasseft, greygreygrey12, vizsla_velcro, splitegg & schnutzel.

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Why do we forget our dreams in the mornings? Why is it so hard to run in our dreams? Why is it explained by proprioceptive feedback? How come kids can't control peeing in their sleep the way adults can? Does putting someone's hand in a warm bowl of water really make them wet the bed?

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Sponsored by Goodnight Stories by Rebel Girls - check out Laurene Powell Jobs narrating the first episode from Season 4!

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Why are they called chips in England and fries in the US? If they weren't invented in France, where did they come from? What is it about french fries in particular that make them nearly impossible to taste good once reheated in the microwave, unlike a pizza? Is it true that  Thomas Jefferson brought French Fries to the United States?

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Thank you to the r/explainlikeimfive community as always and in particular the following users whose questions and comments formed the basis of this discussion: taco_bell_ceo, pfeifits, slash178 & lisabauer58.

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Why does microwaving a mug of water alongside a frozen bread roll, keeps the bread from getting soggy? Why can't we put metal objects in the microwave? Especially since the inside is made of metal, including the metal mesh on the inside of the door! How does a meal that takes 30 minutes to cook in an oven cook in 4 in a microwave? There are so many questions about microwaves!

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Thank you to the r/explainlikeimfive community as always and in particular the following users whose questions and comments formed the basis of this discussion: florinator, wbeaty, high_onthemountain, metricprime, yeahsurethingbud, thewyzzerd, chairmanzuck, soulwager & celtickdk.

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When scientists say an eagle can see a rabbit in a field from a mile away, what do eagles actually see. Is their vision automatically more zoomed in? Do they have better than 20/20 vision? Why is 20/20 vision not perfect eye sight? Could I buy glasses that improve my vision beyond 20/20?

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Why did the Russian team arrive at the 1908 olympics 12 days late? How does the whole world agree on what day and date it is? Why did the Pope step in to replace the Julian calendar? Why is 2000 a leap year but 2100 isn't? What was the most recent country to adopt the Gregorian calendar.

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Why are nursery rhymes so morbid? Is Ring Around the Rosie really based on the bubonic plague? Why were they used as anti-authority memes? Where does the term Mother Goose rhymes come from?

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When I pluck a hair out of my forehead, the area hurts a lot, but I can reduce the pain to nearly zero simply by briefly rubbing the area. Why is this? What is the gate control theory? Why do some hairs grow only grow to a certain length (like our eyebrows), while others grow forever?

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Why is chicken meat white, but beef red? Is veal red or white? What color is human meat? Why is squid meat so different from the meat of other animals?

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Why is vanilla the neutral flavor? Who invented ice cream? Why does ice cream in root beer foam so much (and taste so good)? Which country in the world consumes the most ice cream per capita?

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Which US city has a 4 block area nearly identical to its sister city of Seville, Spain? Are twin cities a gimmick or is there more to the relationship? Where did the concept start? What's the most boring sister city combo?

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Why did the De Havilland Comet aircraft lead to a critical design decision? Why do planes and ships have circular windows instead of square ones? Why do airplanes have more windows than seat rows?

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Wikipedia reference: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/De_Havilland_Comet

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Do women get more mosquito bites than men? Does your blood type mean you get bitten more? Why are mosquitos unable to spread HIV and AIDS? Why is it only female mosquitos that bite?

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What is deja vu? Why does it occur? Explain the weird sensation when you remember that you forgot something, but can't remember what it is that you forgot? What is presque vu? How about jamais vu - often described as the opposite of deja vu?

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Why do some colors make for popular surnames (like Green, Brown, Black), but others don't (like Blue, Orange, Red)? Why are there so few Korean surnames? What is the queen's last name?

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What exactly are antibodies? Why are they talking Can you get protection from a disease through a blood transfusion from someone who has survived that same disease? What's the difference between the innate immune system and adaptive immune system? If babies get antibodies from their mother's milk, why then do they get afflicted with diseases the mother has gone through like chicken pox?

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