ELI5 Explain Like I'm 5: Bite sized answers to stuff you should know about - in a mini podcast

Why do some vaccines last longer than others i.e. some last for 10 years others only 1 year? What is the difference between an RNA vaccine and a conventional vaccine? Why does the process for making a vaccine take so long?

... We explain like i'm five!

Thank you to the r/explainlikeimfive community as always and in particular the following users whose questions and comments formed the basis of this discussion: ptk77, redshift2k5, fruitsausages, zoten, me_better, eatmyflakes & peppepcheerio

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Why do Oreos get soggy in regular milk but not in chocolate milk? What is the difference between dark chocolate, milk chocolate and white chocolate? What is the % number I see on chocolate packaging and labels?

... We explain like i'm five!

Thank you to the r/explainlikeimfive community as always and in particular the following users whose questions and comments formed the basis of this discussion: eliteanaconda57, thielio, rtap15, irythros, krystar78, xerloq, barefootess, clevalandfansadface & thejayhook

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It's a myth that we yawn to intake more oxygen - so why do we yawn? Why is hearing reduced when you yawn? Why does yawning pop your ears on a plane? Why are yawns contagious?

... We explain like i'm five!

Thank you to the r/explainlikeimfive community as always and in particular the following users whose questions and comments formed the basis of this discussion: provin1327, torsionfree, rob3110, rhapsodysparkles, wingfoot6, fendrbud, xucker, halikan & duzzeno

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How do pulse oximeters work? Why have they become popular recently? Can they be used to detect Covid-19?

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Thank you to the r/explainlikeimfive community as always and in particular the following users whose questions and comments formed the basis of this discussion: cutelyn22, internetboyfriend666, scubasteave2001, scarynut, bravo_bravos & rauillindion

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Why do we get birthmarks? How about Moles? What type of birthmark did Mikhail Gorbachev have? What were some superstitions around birthmarks from the past?

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Thank you to the r/explainlikeimfive community as always and in particular the following users whose questions and comments formed the basis of this discussion: chabafred, bradjudy, reesuh, platinumgamer55 & bertnod

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Why do we call it Left and Right in politics? Where did the Left and Right wings originate from? Is it true that young people are generally more Left leaning? Where did the mascots of the Republican Elephant and Democratic Donkey come from?

... We explain like i'm five!

Thank you to the r/explainlikeimfive community as always and in particular the following users whose questions and comments formed the basis of this discussion: conchickawawa, rhynchelma, madmoneymcgee, commietau, reallybigleg, slowings, lpzthehvy & arriver

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How are rainbows formed? How about double rainbows? Are rainbows really circles? Why isn't brown on the rainbow?

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Thank you to the r/explainlikeimfive community as always and in particular the following users whose questions and comments formed the basis of this discussion: intangible-tangerine, lastsasquatch, zanelightning, sirherald, dammitcaesar, larae_is_bored & jollyrogerninja

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What’s the difference between getting sick from a bacteria vs a virus? What are RNA viruses, and why are they different from DNA viruses? Why do RNA based viruses mutate faster than DNA based virus?

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Thank you to the r/explainlikeimfive community as always and in particular the following users whose questions and comments formed the basis of this discussion: pantieslatina, rhynod, i3igguy, wrsaunders, cstwinkletoes & senegalo

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Wifi explained. How does wifi hacking actually work? Can a hacker reconstruct one's screen? When the Wifi is sluggish, why does restarting router magically fix it?

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Thank you to the r/explainlikeimfive community as always and in particular the following users whose questions and comments formed the basis of this discussion: mustbefate, splad, mantice, kocholuna, AuroraAri, wace, -voiz & finalrun

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Why was the Spanish Flu of 1918 called the Spanish Flu when it was a global pandemic? Why was the 2nd wave more deadly than the first? How many people were affected? Where did it originate?

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Thank you to the r/explainlikeimfive community as always and in particular the following users whose questions and comments formed the basis of this discussion: whosafossa, scriptifex, thatsnicemyman, bakanogami & alohapizzaguy

Article referenced:

https://www.smithsonianmag.com/history/journal-plague-year-180965222/

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How did people measure the height of mountains in the past? Why are K2 and Annapurna considered more difficult to climb than Everest? Why is there debate about who was the first person to summit it? Who was the first woman to climb Everest?

... We explain like i'm five!

Thanks to our sponsor Goodnight Stories for Rebel Girls - a fairytale podcast for kids about extraordinary women from all over the world.

https://www.rebelgirls.com

Thank you to the r/explainlikeimfive community as always and in particular the following users whose questions and comments formed the basis of this discussion: kouhoutek, moonkeyman120, eamisagomey, moodoperator, msmelxx, axenhalligan, kelkulus, foragerr, itrandall & cynic_male

Great Trigonometrical Survey Wikipedia:

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Great_Trigonometrical_Survey

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Why do people talk about graying hair as Marie Antoinette syndrome? Researchers finally think they know why stress turns your hair gray - we attempt to explain like I'm five.

... We explain like i'm five!

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Thank you to the r/explainlikeimfive community as always and in particular the following users whose questions and comments formed the basis of this discussion: silver_kitty & protusmose

Harvard study published in Nature:

https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-020-1935-3

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Whats happening when a sneeze ‘gets stuck’? And then just burns your nose and makes your eyes water. Why do we get this odd "spacey" feeling just before we are about to sneeze? 

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What makes 70% alcohol a better disinfectant than 90% alcohol? What is the pancake alcohol analogy? What is Isopropyl alcohol?

... We explain like i'm five!

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Thank you to the r/explainlikeimfive community as always and in particular the following users whose questions and comments formed the basis of this discussion: pixie_laluna, studentdoctor_kenobi, butterchest & okimintrigued

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Why are the new chip and pin credit cards safer than the magnetic stripe, especially when most cards still have both? How is the 3 digit security code useful? What is credit card skimming and how does it work? Why does American Express have a different security code format to Visa and MasterCard?

... We explain like i'm five!

Thank you to Empower, the sponsor of today's episode. For more info about Empower, visit: empower.me/ELI5

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Thank you to the r/explainlikeimfive community as always and in particular the following users whose questions and comments formed the basis of this discussion: cleanaxe, hecre8ivewon, bringer_of_words, tehwildman, theapiary, longtimegonemtgo, ddacke, benthevining & wwwyzzrd.

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What was the recent algorithm change that is affecting everyone's credit scores? Why do FICO scores start at 300 and end at 850? What factors affect my credit score?

... We explain like i'm five!

Thank you to Empower, the sponsor of today's episode. For more info about Empower, visit: empower.me/ELI5

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Thank you to the r/explainlikeimfive community as always and in particular the following users whose questions and comments formed the basis of this discussion: snowydew, acreditguru, less_is_happiness, chuyskywalker, aeyln & sonobomb.

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What are the different types of mask folks are buying to help prevent respiratory illnesses like the corona virus? What is NIOSH?

... We explain like i'm five!

Thank you to Empower, the sponsor of today's episode. For more info about Empower, visit: empower.me/ELI5

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Thank you to the r/explainlikeimfive community as always and in particular the following users whose questions and comments formed the basis of this discussion: gudforthem, jihnen14880 & annunzim.

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Why do we have pensions schemes? How did first pension fund come into existence in the 1700s? What did Bernoulli and Scottish Presbyterian priests have to do with it? How can I save $1500 this year with Empower?

... We explain like i'm five!

Thank you to Empower, the sponsor of today's episode. For more info about Empower, visit: empower.me/ELI5

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Thank you to the r/explainlikeimfive community as always. This podcast also referenced several blogs and articles including the Sapiens Book, Legacy Trust and Life Insurance KZ.

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Humanity has lived off bread for thousands of years, so why has the past decade seen such a rise in people 'allergic' to gluten? What is gluten intolerance? What is Celiac’s disease? Why did doctors once think that a banana diet was its cure? Finally, are there any negative effects from a gluten-free diet?

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NPR article referenced

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How do password managers work? Should we all be using one? Our cohost Kevin got hacked recently, so this episode is a personal one! Find out what happened.

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What is zero's connection to algebra, Fibonacci and modern mathematics? What is the significance of it being both number and digit? Why was it so ground breaking when ancient civilizations discovered and started using the number 0? Finally... is infinity a number?

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Can we just manufacture a pill for it? Why does it have feel good properties? What’s the difference between Dopamine and Serotonin? What happens when you don't have enough of it?

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What is the difference between noise canceling and noise isolating headphones? Why aren't noise cancelling headphones as effective in cancelling high pitch sounds as they are in cancelling low pitch sounds? Can noise canceling headphones be harmful to your hearing?

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Is it true that Coca-Cola popularized the modern look of Santa Claus? Why do most of our "traditional" Christmas songs, images and TV/movies come from the 1940s to the 1960s? Why are red and green commonly associated with Christmas? Brian Earl from the Christmas Past podcast joins us for a range of Xmas questions.

... and we explain like i'm five!

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Thank you to Brian Earl from the Christmas Past podcast. If you'd like to hear more excellent xmas episodes, check out Brian's podcast here:

https://christmaspast.media/

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Why don't some museums or fancy churches allow flash photography? Plus all the photography terms like ISO, shutter speed, aperture explained like I'm five. Why does it feels like people never smiled in old photos? How did they invent color photography?

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Why is the world record for time walking longer than time standing? People can walk many miles without discomfort, but when we stand for more than a few minutes or so, we get uncomfortable? What is Postural orthostatic tachycardia syndrome or POTS?

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Why aren't 50% of people lefties? Why are right handed scissors not usable by left handed folks? Why isn't everybody ambidextrous? Why are a disproportionate number of US presidents left handed?

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What happens when you put the wrong thing in the recycle bin? Why are some plastics recyclable and others not? How does aluminum get separated using magnets if it's not a ferrous metal?

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Why are truffles such a big deal? If truffles are so rare why don't we just farm them? Did you know that truffles used to be common and much less expensive in the early 1900s?

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Does a marathoner really get an inch shorter during the course of a marathon race? What else happens to the body when you run 26.2 miles? Why is the marathon distance even 26.2 miles in the first place?

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Thank you to the r/explainlikeimfive community, and specifically the following reddit users whose questions and responses formed the basis of this conversation: oakteach, medstudent0302, janguskhan, dyslexiaisagfit & tarpit_carnivore

BBC News articles referenced:

What happens to a runner's body? http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/uk_news/magazine/4259766.stm

The body's marathon effort http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport2/hi/athletics/4326947.stm

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What is the difference between western and asian tea etiquette? Why do the Chinese and Japanese not put sugar and milk in their tea? What are the health benefits of tea?... and why you should never put a tea bag in the microwave! 

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Wikipedia Health Effects of Tea: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Health_effects_of_tea

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How does the body repair a wound? Do scars always grow back the same as they were before? Do fingerprints grow back exactly as the original? Why do scars not tan the same as normal skin?

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Why do typical female bike frames have a dip in the frame, while men's have a horizontal beam? Why is the geometry of a racing bike slightly different from that of a typical bike? How about mountain bikes vs road bikes? What is gravel biking?

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How does AC and refrigeration in general work? Why is Freon gas used? Why do some people say that air conditioning is a cause of Legionnaires' disease?

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Why is there the tradition of not seeing the bride in the wedding dress beforehand? Where did something old, something new, something borrowed and something blue come from? Why is there a tradition of smashing a glass at the end of Jewish weddings? What happens if someone 'objects' during the ceremony?

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Thank you to the r/explainlikeimfive community, and specifically the following reddit users whose questions and responses formed the basis of this conversation: londonpilot, ayrilios, drocd, redditedself, me_suds, memehehe & yorkshire45

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What makes someone a morning person? How do you explain the Circadian clock? If I'm not one, is it possible to become a morning person?

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Thank you to the r/explainlikeimfive community, and specifically the following reddit users whose questions and responses formed the basis of this conversation: brylow, slingbladerunner, cjc09, auroun2013 & hansfredderik

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Why does it take 24 hours for muscles to start hurting after a workout? Why not straight away? We explain delayed onset muscle soreness (DOMS) like I'm 5. And while we're at it, what are muscle knots? How do I get them and get rid of them?

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Thank you to the r/explainlikeimfive community, and specifically the following reddit users whose questions and responses formed the basis of this conversation: 400stars, peaceoutscout, crispturtle & chaveza94

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Did you know that the word Jeans comes from Genoa Italy? Where does the word Denim come from? Is true what that you don't have to wash jeans, just put them in the freezer? Did the CEO of Levi's really say that?

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What is white noise? What about the other colored noises? What do these noises do the brain? Why do some people use brown noise as a way to focus?

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Why have remote controlled drones or RC quadcopters become so popular in recent years? If they are a superior design to regular helicopters, why aren't we starting to see full scale quadcopters being built?

... We explain like i'm five!

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How does Bitcoin it work? How do I get it? What is the blockchain? What is mining? Why are ASIC and GPU or video cards used instead of a more general purpose CPU?

... We explain like i'm five!

This episode mentions a shout out to the Unchained Podcast which you can find here:

https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/unchained-your-no-hype-resource-for-all-things-crypto/id1123922160

Thank you to the r/explainlikeimfive community, and specifically the following reddit users whose questions and responses formed the basis of this conversation: concise_pirate, mmessina978, stefanutzu212 & eskelsar

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What causes stress? What does it do to our bodies? What’s the difference between 'fight or flight' and 'rest and digest'? Does stress cause grey hair?

... We explain like i'm five!

Thank you to the r/explainlikeimfive community, and specifically the following reddit users whose questions and responses formed the basis of this conversation: 4dddyq, windystew & penakazato

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What makes popcorn pop? Can we pop other grains like rice or quinoa? Why does the first kernel popped not burn while the others are being popped? Why do most brands of microwave popcorn require one specific side to be placed up?

... We explain like i'm five!

Thank you to the r/explainlikeimfive community, and specifically the following reddit users whose questions and responses formed the basis of this conversation: padenormous, advrider84, alex_dlc, metal_opera, uno-dos, robertsihr, diverguy1982 & cjluthy

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... we love hearing from you!

What makes your metabolism faster and what makes it slow down? In my day to day cycle what happens to it? How big of a factor is metabolism in losing weight? Can I overcome a slow metabolism with exercise? Is it going to totally mess up a diet?

... We explain like i'm five!

Thank you to the r/explainlikeimfive community, and specifically the following reddit users whose questions and responses formed the basis of this conversation: takingbackmychem & vijchti

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Lots of people snore. Why don't we hear ourselves snore?

... We explain like i'm five!

Thank you to the r/explainlikeimfive community, and specifically the following reddit users whose questions and responses formed the basis of this conversation: vealophile, theraui, rohkas, bloodaxe007, mos95b & activ8r

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How do steroids work? What about them makes them so dangerous? Why are they illicit and banned from most professional sports?

... We explain like i'm five!

Thank you to the r/explainlikeimfive community, and specifically the following reddit users whose questions and responses formed the basis of this conversation: deknegt1990, drkobbe, lifteatsleeprepeat2, sa250039 & swollymamoth

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Superman did it in Superman 3. If coal turns to diamonds through pressure, could we dump a bunch of coal on the ocean floor to turn them into diamonds faster?

... We explain like i'm five!

Thank you to the r/explainlikeimfive community, and specifically the following reddit users whose questions and responses formed the basis of this conversation: rnbwmstr, bizitmap, stuthulhu, nevm, iamplasma & sir_beard

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Why is breakfast "the most important meal of the day"? Where did the phrase even come from?

... We explain like i'm five!

Thank you to the r/explainlikeimfive community, and specifically the following reddit users whose questions and responses formed the basis of this conversation: bca1849, mredding, shleppenwolf & lyrical_myrical

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Where does wine get its taste? Why is it that everything can be tasted in the wine from the climate to the soil but pesticides are never mentioned? Do pesticides affect the taste of wine?

... We explain like i'm five!

Thank you to the r/explainlikeimfive community, and specifically the following reddit users whose questions and responses formed the basis of this conversation: ecoJamesbond, indigostrudel & wine-o-saur

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What is so magical about baking soda? It's used in in cooking, cleaning, deodorizing and many more applications. What gives it such amazing properties for everything?

... We explain like i'm five!

Thank you to the r/explainlikeimfive community, and specifically the following reddit users whose questions and responses formed the basis of this conversation: captainawesomevcu, onewordscience & re_assembly

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... we love hearing from you!