This Week in Virology

The TWiVers discuss the spread of African swine fever virus and its threat to pig farming, and the zoonotic potential of peste des petits ruminants virus.

Hosts: Vincent Racaniello, Alan Dove, Rich Condit, and Kathy Spindler

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• Please take the TWiV listener survey
• ASV 2019
• European Congress of Virology 2019
• ASM Clinical Virology Symposium
• Intel ISEF judges needed
• ASV in Poland does not let go (Ag Buiten )
• Alarming ASF outbreak (Science)
• African swine fever (Euro Comm)
• African swine fever review (Vet J)
• ASF in wild boar (EFSA J)
• ASF in Belgian wild boar (Dept Env Food Rural Aff)
• Handbook on ASF in wild boar (Stand Grp Experts)
• Feral hogs (VA DGIF)
• Nonhuman morbillivirus with zoonotic potential (J Virol)
• Letters read on TWiV 532
• Timestamps by Jolene. Thanks!

Alan - Retraction Watch database Rich- "The Mayo Clinic: Faith Hope Science" by Ken Burns Kathy- U-M EEB Photographer at Large contest Vincent - Vaccines: An achievement of civilization

David- Useless Knowledge Begets New Horizons

Intro music is by Ronald Jenkees.

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Patrick Moore returns to TWiV to discuss the discovery from the Chang-Moore laboratory of circular RNAs in cells infected with herpesviruses.

Hosts: Vincent Racaniello, Dickson Despommier, Alan Dove, and Kathy Spindler

Guest: Patrick Moore

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• Please take the TWiV listener survey
• ASV 2019
• European Congress of Virology 2019
• ASM Clinical Virology Symposium
• Intel ISEF judges needed
• Cancer virology at Pitt
• Alice Huang's DI particles (PubMed)
• Circular DNA tumor viruses make circular RNAs (PNAS)
• Backsplice
• Image credit
• Timestamps by Jolene. Thanks!

Brianne – The herd to the rescue Alan – Magic Wings Butterfly Conservatory Dickson – 100,000 Genomes Project Kathy – Your Age on Other Worlds Vincent – Vitamin D and Prevention of Cancer and Cardiovascular Disease Pat – North Korea and Bioweapons

Eric – The Molecular Basis of Life

Intro music is by Ronald Jenkees.

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Steve Goff returns to TWiV to discuss the work of his laboratory on how retroviral genomes are silenced in infected cells.

Hosts: Vincent Racaniello, Dickson Despommier, Alan Dove, and Kathy Spindler

Guest: Steve Goff

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🎼 They'll histone you when you start to transcribe, And they'll histone you just for tryin' to get by, So be careful when you uncoat your genome, 'Cause everybody must histone.

• Please take the TWiV listener survey
• ASV 2019
• European Congress of Virology 2019
• Histones loaded onto incoming retroviral DNA (Cell Host Micr)
• NP220 and silencing of incoming retroviral DNA (Nature)
• HIV-1 and HUSH (TWiV 516)
• TWiV World Tour 2018 t-shirt
• Timestamps by Jolene. Thanks!

Alan - The Tangled Tree by David Quammen Dickson- Ammonia could power the globe Kathy- Portmanteaux and A.Word.A.Day Vincent - Curioscity Steve- Alice and Bob Meet the Wall of Fire

Chaim- Tony Fauci on getting your flu vaccine (mp3)

Intro music is by Ronald Jenkees.

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At the University of Wisconsin-Madison, Vincent meets up with one of his virology heroes, Roland R. Rueckert, to talk about his research and his second career as a forest manager.

Host: Vincent Racaniello

Guest: Roland R. Rueckert

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• Video of this episode (YouTube)
• Roland's first paper (Anesthesiol)
• Purification of phiX174 (Virology)
• Studies on viral structure (Virology)
• Automated gel fractionator (Anal Bioch)
• Picornaviral gene order (J Virol)
• Picornavirus protease discovery (J Virol)
• Poliovirus processing map (J Virol)
• Nomenclature of picornavirus proteins (J Virol)
• Black beetle virus (J Virol)
• Rhinovirus crystallization (PNAS)
• Mapping mAb binding sites (J Virol)
• Replication of animal virus in yeast (PNAS)
• Roland's last paper (J Virol)
• Timestamps by Jolene. Thanks!

Intro music is by Ronald Jenkees.

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In the first episode for 2019, the TWiV team reviews the amazing virology stories of the past year.

Hosts: Vincent Racaniello, Dickson Despommier, Alan Dove, Rich Condit, and Kathy Spindler

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• ASV 2019 Satellite Symposia
• Crowdfunding for EV-D68 research
• TWiV World Tour 2018 t-shirt (Amazon)
• Cool virology from 2018
  • Viruses behind AD? TWiV 505, TWiV 519, clinical trial one and two
  • Wolbachia-mosquito release halts dengue (TWiV 506); World Mosquito Program
  • Evolutionary history of RNA viruses: TWiV 491 and TWiV 526
  • Horsepox as ancestral smallpox vaccine, including synthesis: TWiV 478
  • Ebola continues: TWiV 494, TWiV 495, TWiV 505, TWiV 507, TWiV 515, TWiV 482
  • Clues to many mysteries: TWiV 481, TWiV 484, TWiV 493, TWiV 515, TWiV 522
  • Pro-vaccination: TWiV 500, TWiV 496, TWiV Special; measles in Ukraineand Europe
  • Outbreak influence: TWiV 501, TWiV 527, TWiV 520, TWiV 507, TWiV 504
  • Insect viruses and immunity: TWiV 525, TWiV 524, TWiV 522, TWiV 495, TWiV 485, TWiV 482, TWiV 479
  • Big RNA virus genomes (TWiV 509) and Giant viruses: TWiV 490, TWiV 506, TWiV 521, TWiV 484
• Letters read on TWiV 528
• Timestamps by Jolene. Thanks!

Alan - Pandemic Trail game Rich- On a Bat's Wing and a Prayer Dickson- Decoding Watson Kathy- Phenotypic variation in outbred and inbred mice Vincent - Trump County Confronts the Administration Amid Rash of Child Cancers

Anne- Peter Hotez interview Islam- Letter from Crick to Watson (pdf)

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The TWiV team summarizes the discovery of Sin Nombre virus, and presents evidence that neurotropic flaviviruses can cause intestinal dysmotility syndromes after systemic infection of mice.

Hosts: Vincent Racaniello, Dickson Despommier, Alan Dove, Rich Condit, and Kathy Spindler

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• Please take the TWiV listener survey
• ASV 2019 Satellite Symposia
• Crowdfunding for EV-D68 research
• Outbreak (exhibit, TWiV 501)
• Four Corners hantavirus outbreak (Wikipedia)
• Death at the Corner (Atlantic)
• Hantavirus infection by US state (CDC)
• Hantavirus US cases and mortality (CDC)
• Hantavirus international cases (CDC)
• Belmont hantavirus death (NYTimes)
• Intestinal dysmotility following flavivirus infection of mice (Cell)
• Image credit
• Letters read on TWiV 527
• Timestamps by Jolene. Thanks!

Alan - Zooming into Sagittarius A, ESO video Rich- Orbits and Ice Ages: A History of Climate Dickson- National Geographic Best Photos 2018 Kathy- HealthMap Vaccine Finder Vincent - Taylor Custom

Neal- The Yoda of Silicon Valley

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The TWiV hosts discuss the distribution of prions in the eyes of patients with sporadic Creutzfeldt-Jacob disease, and the origins and evolution of RNA viruses.

Hosts: Vincent Racaniello, Alan Dove, Rich Condit, Kathy Spindler

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• ASV 2019 Satellite Symposia
• Crowdfunding for EV-D68 research
• Aaron Klug, 1926-2018 (Nature)
• Prions in sCJD eyes (mBio)
• Evolution of RNA viruses (mBio)
• Walter Gilbert's The RNA World (Nature)
• Image credit
• Letters read on TWiV 526
• Timestamps by Jolene. Thanks!

Alan - Population mountains to visualize cities Rich- A Neanderthal Perspective on Human Origins with Svante Pääbo Kathy- NASA Space Mission posters Vincent - Package Thief vs Glitter Bomb Trap

Neal- Was a Scientist Jailed?

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Vaccine scientist, pediatrician, and autism dad Peter Hotez talks about his new book, Vaccines Did Not Cause Rachel's Autism.

Host: Vincent Racaniello

Guest: Peter Hotez

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• Peter Hotez at Baylor College of Medicine
• Peter Hotez on Twitter
• Vaccines Did Not Cause Rachel's Autism (Amazon)
• Timestamps by Jolene. Thanks!

Intro music is by Ronald Jenkees.

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Michelle Flenniken joins TWiV to talk about honeybees and the work of her laboratory on honeybee viruses.

Hosts: Vincent Racaniello, Alan Dove, Rich Condit, Kathy Spindler, and Brianne Barker

Guest: Michelle Flenniken

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• MSU Pollinator Health Center
• Honeybee antiviral defenses (Sci Rep)
• The buzz about honeybee viruses (PLoS Path)
• Recently identified bee viruses (Curr Op Insect Sci)
• Videos on honey bee researchat MSU, honey bee pathogens, honey bee pathogen detection (YouTube)
• Timestamps by Jolene. Thanks!

Michelle - First 21 days of a bee's life; NPR's Hidden Brain; Varroa destructor triggers deformed wing virus in bees Brianne - Flu Near You Alan - Skype a Scientist program Rich- NASA's Voyager 2 Probe Enters Interstellar Space Kathy- Which ones are bees? And What it feels like to be a bee Vincent - Fecal sequencing and Vaccines did not cause Rachel's autism by Peter Hotez

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Raul Andino joins Vincent and Amy to talk about the finding that a cricket paralysis virus protein restricts RNA-based immunity in insects by regulating the activity and stability of the Argonaute protein.

Hosts: Vincent Racaniello and Amy Rosenfeld

Guest: Raul Andino

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• TWiV 138: RISCy business with Raul Andino
• TWiV 33: Live in Philly
• Viral protein restricts insect immunity (Cell Host Micr)
• Timestamps by Jolene. Thanks!

Amy - Insectropolis Vincent- Genome-edited baby

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At the University of Zürich, Vincent speaks with virologists Cornel Fraefel, Urs Greber, and Silke Stertz about their careers and their work on AAV2, adenovirus entry, and influenza virus.

Hosts: Vincent Racaniello

Guests: Cornel Fraefel, Urs Greber, and Silke Stertz

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• AAV2 and HSV1 co-infections (J Virol)
• Movies of HeLa Fucci cells (J Virol)
• Cathepsin W and influenza virus entry (mBio)
• Plaque 2.0 (PLoS One)
• Video of this episode (YouTube)
• Timestamps by Jolene. Thanks!

Intro music is by Ronald Jenkees.

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The TWiVsters review isolation of a naturally occurring DNA virus from fruit flies, and the cell-type specific function of a small transmembrane protein encoded in an open reading frame upstream of the enterovirus polyprotein.

Hosts: Vincent Racaniello, Dickson Despommier, Rich Condit, and Kathy Spindler

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• Genome-edited babies (Nature)
• Second CRISPR pregnancy? (MIT Tech Rev)
• Naturally occurring DNA virus of Drosophila (PLoS Path)
• Upstream protein coding region in enterovirus genome
• We missed it in 1988! (J Virol)
• Letters read on TWiV 522
• Timestamps by Jolene. Thanks!

Alan - $40 internationally standard cup of tea Rich- Mars InSight Mission Dickson- New York Botanical Garden Train Show Kathy- Comedy wildlife photo awards finalists Vincent - Senator Gillibrand calls for funding AFM research and our Crowdsourcing of EV-D68 research

Fernando - Pathfinders by Felipe Fernández-Armesto; Erebus by Michael Palin

Intro music is by Ronald Jenkees.

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Team TWiV cover the discovery of another giant virus from 30,000 year old Siberian permafrost, and how viral aggregation accelerates the production of new infectious viruses and increases fitness, demonstrating an Allee effect.

Hosts: Vincent Racaniello, Dickson Despommier, Rich Condit, Kathy Spindler, and Brianne Barker

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• PhD and postdoctoral programs at Dept of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai
• 30,000 year old Mollivirus sibericum (PNAS)
• Aggregating viruses promotes early replication (Curr Biol)
• Letters read on TWiV 521
• Timestamps by Jolene. Thanks!

Brianne - Why don't we have vaccines against everything? Rich- Golden Globe Race Dickson- The Anatomy of Figure Drawingby Robert Demarest and Warder Clyde Allee Kathy- Orientation of the moon's appearance, Southern Hemisphere Vincent - Paul has Measles in English and Spanish

Intro music is by Ronald Jenkees.

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The TWiVidae review universal influenza vaccines that are in clinical trials, and discovery of an atypical parvovirus that causes chronic kidney disease in middle aged, immunocompromised laboratory mice.

Hosts: Vincent Racaniello, Dickson Despommier, Alan Dove, Rich Condit, Kathy Spindler, and Brianne Barker

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• PhD and postdoctoral programs at Dept of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai
• MSc program Molecular Biology and Pathology of Viruses, Univ College London
• Virology Comics on sale (Amazon)
• Outbreak at the Smithsonian
• NIAID strategic plan for universal influenza vaccine
• Fauci article on universal influenza vaccine (J Inf Dis)
• Severe 2017-18 flu season (CDC)
• Progress on universal influenza vaccine (The Scientist)
• Influenza vaccine is safe for those with egg allergies
• Atypical parvovirusdrives mouse kidney disease (Cell)
• Contagious Thinking: Visible Viruses AR app
• Letters read on TWiV 520
• Timestamps by Jolene. Thanks!

Brianne - Nebula Genomics: a new start-up offering free genome sequencing (with a catch) Alan- GRE scores are poor predictorof degree completion Rich- The Science Mill(video) Dickson- The 12 cranial nerves (mnemonic) Kathy- NAS report on Sexual Harassment of Women (free pdf) Iceberg figure Vincent - The Tangled Tree by David Quammen and TWiEVO #37

Mark- Weekly US Map: Influenza Summary

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The TWiVomers review a potential role for herpes simplex virus type 1 as a cause of Alzheimer's Disease, including the finding that amyloid-beta acts as an antiviral by enveloping virus particles.

Hosts: Vincent Racaniello, Dickson Despommier, Alan Dove, Rich Condit, and Brianne Barker

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• Virology Comics on sale (Amazon)
• Clinical Trial: antiviral for AD
• HHV6 and HHV7 transcripts in AD brain (TWiV 505)
• HSV1 in AD (Front Ag Neuro)
• Taiwan cohort study on antivirals and AD (Neurother)
• HSV1 antibodies in CSF (J Med Virol)
• HSV1 induces amyloid-beta fibrillization (Neuron)
• Image credit
• Letters read on TWiV 519
• Timestamps by Jolene. Thanks!

Brianne - Pandemic (board game) Alan- The Shortwave Radio Audio Archive (siteand blog) Rich- James Cook's First Pacific Voyage, 1768-1771 (interactive map) Dickson- The Scientist on Instagram Vincent - State of the World's Fungi

David- Bruno LaTour

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Vincent travels to Penn State College of Medicine in Hershey, PA to speak with Nick and Leslie about their careers and their work on human cytomegalovirus and retroviruses.

Host: Vincent Racaniello

Guests: Nicholas Buchkovich and Leslie Parent

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• HIV-1 gag membrane binding domain (J Virol)
• Nuclear experience for gag (PNAS)
• Gag in nucleolus (J Virol)
• YB-1 for retrovirus assembly (J Virol)
• HCMV controls BiP levels (J Virol)
• HCMV regulates La (J Virol)
• Inhibition of HCMV by modulating syntaxin 5 (J Virol)
• Non-envelopment role for ESCRT-III during HCMV infection (J Virol)
• Late retroviral budding function (J Virol)
• Grit by Angela Duckworth
• The Scientists by John Gribbin
• Timestamps by Jolene. Thanks!

Intro music is by Ronald Jenkees.

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Brianne and Vincent tackle two studies that utilize infectious viruses to examine zoonotic potential of Bombali virus, a new ebolavirus from an insectivorous species in Sierra Leone, and a human mumps-like virus from an African flying fox in DRC.

Hosts: Vincent Racaniello and Brianne Barker

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• Pan American Society for Clinical Virology San Diego and Houston Regional Meetings
• It's not SARS 2.0 (TWiV 364)
• Bats out of hell (TWiV 183)
• Bombali virus, a new Ebolavirus (Nat Micro)
• Asymptomatic Ebolavirus infections (virology blog)
• Bat-borne mumps virus (Cell Rep)
• Image credit
• Letters read on TWiV 517
• Timestamps by Jolene. Thanks!

Brianne - Ed Yong on AFM Vincent - Goggles Optional podcast (especially #243)

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Lonya and Jeremy take the TWiV team beTWIXt primate immunodeficiency virus proteins Vpx and Vpr and how they counteract transcriptional repression of proviruses by the HUSH complex.

Hosts: Vincent Racaniello, Dickson Despommier, Rich Condit, Kathy Spindler, and Brianne Barker

Guests: Leonid Yorkovetskiy and Jeremy Luban

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• Pan American Society for Clinical Virology San Diego and Houston Regional Meetings
• Vpr and Vpx counter HUSH (Nat Micro)
• Vpr and Vpx counter HUSH (bioRxiv version)
• Schematic of HUSH complex (Lehner lab)
• Olive colobus monkey sound credit
• Image credit: William (Ted) Diehl
• Letters read on TWiV 516
• Timestamps by Jolene. Thanks!

Brianne - The Chimp and the River by David Quammen Rich- James Cook's First Voyage Journal (20 sec Google Earth summary) Kathy- High resolution Antarctica map NYTimes 46MB Maps (more info and 43 tb maps) Dickson- Jellyfish Jeremy - Pictorial Guide to Living Primates; All The World's PrimatesLonya- Chougui et al. HIV-2/SIV Vpx counters HUSH Vincent - Research!America

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The TWiV team notes the passing of Tom Steitz, an outbreak of acute flaccid myelitis in the US, a continuing Ebola virus outbreak in DRC, respiratory vaccinia due to inhalation of ground up rabbit skin, and how a human papillomavirus capsid protein directs virus-containing endosomes towards the nucleus.

Hosts: Vincent Racaniello, Dickson Despommier, Alan Dove, Kathy Spindler, and Brianne Barker

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• Sea Phages program and application materials
• Tom Steitz, 78 (NY Times)
• AFM outbreak, US (CIDRAP)
• AFM surveillance (CDC)
• Acute Flaccid Paralysis and Enteroviral Infections (Curr Inf Dis Rep)
• EV-D68 neurotropism (bioRxiv)
• Ebola virus outbreakcontinues in DRC (CIDRAP)
• Vaccinia virus respiratory infection (Int J Inf Dis)
• HPV L2 penetrates endosome, brings virus retro (Cell)
• Letters read on TWiV 515
• Timestamps by Jolene. Thanks!

Brianne - Germ City-Microbes and the Metropolis Museum Exhibition Alan- Nikon 2018 Small World in Motion competition Kathy- Ion Torrent Sequencing (video) Dickson- 2018 Nobel Prizes Economics Kathy- Ocean-centric map Vincent - Intelligence Matters Podcast: Anthony Fauci on threats from epidemics

Gonsalo - Cells at Work (Manga, Anime)

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The TWiVumvirate reviews this years crop of Nobel Prizes, and how cells prevent leakage of mitochondrial double-stranded RNA into the cytoplasm, which would otherwise lead to the production of interferon.

Hosts: Vincent Racaniello, Dickson Despommier, Alan Dove, and Kathy Spindler

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• Sea Phages program and application materials
• Plant biologists penalized by CNRS (The Scientist)
• 2018 Nobel Prize in Medicine (pdf)
• 2018 Nobel Prize in Chemistry (pdf)
• 2018 Nobel Prize in Physics (pdf)
• 2018 Nobel Peace Prize (Nobel)
• Mitochondrial dsRNA triggers IFN (Nature)
• Letters read on TWiV 514
• Timestamps by Jolene. Thanks!

Alan- Compound Interest chemistry graphics Kathy- Writing letters of recommendation Guidelines Trix & Psenka Schmader et al. Madera et al. Dickson- Japan Fireworks Vincent - The Game of T-Cells and Apple Park Lego

Steve - Shomu's Biology

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From the 13th International Symposium on dsRNA viruses in Belgium, Vincent speaks with Harry Greenberg about his career and his work on rotaviruses, noroviruses, hepatitis B virus, and influenza virus.

Host: Vincent Racaniello

Guest: Harry Greenberg

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• 13th dsRNA Virus Symposium
• Hepatitisin blood donors (Lancet)
• Interferon treatmentof hepatitis B (NEJM)
• Mycoplasmamutantsin volunteers (PNAS)
• Norwalk virus infectionof chimpanzees (J Med Virol)
• Rotavirus rescueby reassortment (PNAS)
• Cold-adaptedinfluenza vaccine (Virol)
• Rotavirus correlates of protection(Curr Opin Virol)
• Rotavirus vaccine and intussusception(NEJM)
• Timestamps by Jolene. Thanks!

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Anne Simon joins the TWiV team to talk about plant viruses, including plum pox virus that devastates nut and stone fruit trees, and a geminivirus protein that regulates viral DNA synthesis.

Hosts: Vincent Racaniello, Dickson Despommier, Alan Dove, Rich Condit, Brianne Barker, and Anne Simon

Click arrow to play Download TWiV 512 (62 MB .mp3, 103 min) Subscribe (free): iTunes, Google Podcasts, RSS, email

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• Support Viruses Gordon Conference3:38
• Potyvirus (ViralZone)
• Plum pox (Wikipedia)
• History, biology, management of plum pox (Mich St Ext)
• Papaya ring spot virus (Bus Man)
• Geminivirus (ViralZone)
• Geminivirus rep impairs PCNA SUMOylation (J Virol)
• Image credit
• Letters read on TWiV 512
• Timestamps by Jolene. Thanks!

Brianne - Why are so many genes unstudied? (Zimmerand Yong) Alan - Unveiling the RNA World Rich - Spaghetti mystery solved (PNAS paper) Dickson - Science Fair Vincent - A PhD Lab Coat Ceremony

Stephen - Flu vaccine myth rant by Crislip Jolene - Research Matters in PLoS Path and PLoS Biology Nicholas - Charity Matters app

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Ned Landau joins the TWiV team to discuss restriction of HIV replication by SAMHD1, and a viral antagonist that can be used to produce a dendritic cell vaccine.

Hosts: Vincent Racaniello, Dickson Despommier, Alan Dove, Rich Condit, and Brianne Barker

Guest: Ned Landau

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• Support Viruses Gordon Conference
• TWiV #124 September 2008
• SAMHD1 restricts HIV-1 replication (Nature)
• SAMHD1 restricts diverse retroviruses (Retrovirology)
• Vpx degradation of SAMHD1 independent of uncoating (J Virol)
• Transduction of myeloid cells with Vpx vector (Gene Ther)
• Letters read on TWiV 511
• Timestamps by Jolene. Thanks!

Brianne- Online Immunology Course Alan- Bacteria Builder Rich- 2018 Ig Nobel Prizes Dickson- Between Fear and Hope Ned - HUSH silencing of transposons Vincent - Paywall publishing ban (Schlitz statement); Curry on DORA

Steve- Paywall: Business of Scholarship and Biohazard Islam- Peer review Twitter post

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Vincent and Dickson travel to the 44th Retrovirus meeting at Cold Spring Harbor Laboratories, where they speak with John Coffin, Stephen Hughes, Ya-Chi Ho, and Matt Takata about the meeting and their work on HIV-1.

Hosts: Vincent Racaniello and Dickson Despommier

Guests: John Coffin, Stephen Hughes, Ya-Chi Ho, and Matt Takata

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• Cold Spring Harbor Retrovirus Meeting 2018
• Retroviruses and cranberries (TWiV 320)
• Identical proviruses in HIV-1 reservoir (PLoS Path)
• Measuring HIV-1 latency (PNAS)
• CG dinucleotide suppression is host defense (Nature)
• Timestamps by Jolene. Thanks!

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The TWiV team considers whether those who can do, can't teach, and newly discovered viruses of planarians and Aplysia with the largest RNA genomes.

Hosts: Vincent Racaniello, Dickson Despommier, Alan Dove, Kathy Spindler and Brianne Barker

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• Support Viruses Gordon Conference
• KNAW Beijerinck Prize
• Bioterrorism and Biocrimes by Seth Carus (free pdf)
• History of Biological Warfare by Seth Carus (free)
• Those Who Can Do, Can't Teach (NYTimes)
• Planarian nidovirus (bioRxiv)
• Aplysia nidovirus (bioRxiv)
• Image credit
• Letters readon TWiV 509

Brianne- Climate change visualization Alan- Anova sous vide cooker Dickson- Fire season in western US Kathy- Sunscreen in UV and The Projector Illusion Vincent - The Usefulness of Useless Knowledge

River- The Conscience of the Present

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Jens returns to present a brief history of bioweapons, with a focus on the program in the Soviet Union, the largest ever undertaken, and his experience working in the decommissioned Soviet bioweapons laboratory known as Vector.

Hosts: Vincent Racaniello, Dickson Despommier, Rich Condit, and Kathy Spindler

Guest: Jens Kuhn

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• Russia's Bioweapons Labs (Nature)
• Medical Aspects of Biological Warfare
• The Soviet Biological Weapons Program by Leitenberg, Zilinskas, Kuhn
• Biological Threats in the 21st Century by Lentzos
• Bioterrorism and Biocrimes by W. Seth Carus
• Russia's Secret Weapons (Nature)
• Image credit

Jens - Nudibranchs, Beastly Garden, large nidovirus (one, two) Rich - Living inside a canister Dickson - Global rivers and streamsKathy - TWiM 181 Dr. Warhol's Periodic Table of Microbes Vincent - Twitter Bots and Russian Trolls Amplify Vaccine Debate

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The TWiV team discuss the biology of Ebola viruses, and how localization of the membrane proteins of vaccinia virus drive function: the fusion machinery sits at the tips of virions, and binding proteins are at the sides.

Hosts: Vincent Racaniello, Dickson Despommier, Alan Dove, Rich Condit, Kathy Spindler, and Brianne Barker

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• Support Viruses & Cells Gordon Conference
• Outbreak at the Smithsonian
• Outbreak (TWiV 501)
• Latest Ebola virus outbreak, DRC (WHO)
• Summary of Ebola virus outbreaks (CDC)
• Ebola virus nomenclature (ICTV)
• Ebola virus distribution map (CDC)
• Polarization of vaccinia virus membrane proteins (bioRxiv)
• Image credit
• Letters read on TWiV 507

Alan - Puzzled Escape Games Rich - An Extremely Detailed Map of the 2016 Election Dickson - Parker Solar ProbeKathy - Ancient earth globe and connected Dinosaur database Brianne - STEMM education should get HACD Vincent - Free tuition for all NYU medical students

Heather- GoFarm blog

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David Tuller returns to provide an update of his investigative work to expose the methodological and ethical problems with the PACE trial for ME/CFS.

Host: Vincent Racaniello

Guest: David Tuller

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• Articleby Lubet and Tuller (STAT)
• David's Australian trip (virology blog)
• Sir Simon scores own goal (virology blog)
• Lightning process (virology blog)
• Letter to Parliament (virology blog)
• Crowdfunding is not conflict of interest (virology blog)
• Open letter to Lancet 3.0 (virology blog)
• Mayo still champions GET (virology blog)
• Image Credit

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The TWiVniks explain how the three-dimensional structure of the giant Cafeteria roenbergensis virus suggests a new mode of assembly, and the apparent elimination of dengue fever in an Australian city by release of mosquitoes harboring Wolbachia.

Hosts: Vincent Racaniello, Dickson Despommier, Alan Dove, and Brianne Barker

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• Support Viruses & Cells Gordon Conference
• New DRC Ebola strains distinct (Outbreak News)
• Immunizations for new DRC Ebola outbreak (The Scientist)
• Structure of Cafeteria roenbergensis virus (Sci Rep)
• Chuan (River) Xiao laboratory
• CroV movies
• Scaled deployment of Wolbachia(Gates Open Res)
• In the wake of Wakefield (BBC)
• Letters read on TWiV 506

Alan - Ebola research begins at the NEIDL Dickson - Science Photo Library Brianne - First liquid water (underground lake) found on Mars Vincent - Thirty years ago, we could have saved the planet

Edmund- STEM talk

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The TWiV hosts review persistence of Ebola virus after the end of the Liberian outbreak, and the potential role of two herpesviruses in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease.

Hosts: Vincent Racaniello, Dickson Despommier, Alan Dove, Rich Condit, Kathy Spindler and Brianne Barker

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• Support Viruses & Cells Gordon Conference
• Trump picks science advisor (Scientist)
• Hendra vaccine: no effect on horses racing (Aust Vet J)
• Persistence of Ebola virus (Lancet Inf Dis)
• New Ebolavirus outbreak (Telegraph)
• Alzheimer's disease and herpesviruses (Neuron)
• Herpesviruses, beta-amyloid and Alzheimer's disease (Neuron)
• Letters read on TWiV 505

Alan - Impossible Burger Rich - SpaceX Just Sent Algae to the ISS, Here's How It'll Power Deep Space Missions Dickson - Art and Science Intersection (Art Science Museum) Brianne - Why it is not a 'failure' to leave academia Kathy- 2003 video history of nuclear explosions 1945 - 1998 Vincent - Revisionist History Episode 8 and Episode 9

Mark- TWIV bingo (png)

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The TWiVerinos discuss Nipah virus and the recent outbreak in India, and the first cast of polio in Papua New Guinea in 18 years.

Hosts: Vincent Racaniello, Dickson Despommier, Alan Dove, Rich Condit, and Brianne Barker

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• Support Viruses & Cells Gordon Conference
• TWiV 501: Outbreak
• Nipah virus infection (JCM)
• Anatomy of an outbreak (The Hindu)
• Do we need to worry about Nipah virus? (Tufts Now)
• Nipah virus infection of bats (EID)
• Papua New Guinea no longer polio-free (virology blog)
• WHO polio endgame (polioeradication)
• Letters read on TWiV 504

Alan - Glaciers of the Rockies aerial photos Rich - SpaceX CRS-15 mission to the space station(wiki) Dickson - Test of Einstein's theory of relativity Brianne - biorender Vincent - True or False? with Michael Schmidt

Jolene- Dogs cannot get autism

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Vincent, Rich and Kathy travel to ASV 2018 at the University of Maryland to speak with Svetlana Folimonova and Anne Simon about their work on viruses that infect plants.

Hosts: Vincent Racaniello, Rich Condit, and Kathy Spindler

Guests: Svetlana Folimonova and Anne Simon

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• Simon laboratory
• Folimonova laboratory
• CTV superinfection exclusion (Virol)
• 3'-CITEs in viral genome (J Virol)
• Video of this episode (YouTube)

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The TWiV team travels to Texas A&M University, home of the Center for Phage Technology, where they speak with Ry Young and Jason Gill about their work on viruses that infect bacteria.

Hosts: Vincent Racaniello, Alan Dove, Rich Condit, and Kathy Spindler

Guests: Jason Gill and Ry Young

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• Center for Phage Technology at TAMU
• Personalized phage therapy (PNAS)
• Phage for biolipid extraction (Sci Rep)
• Viral protein antibiotic (Nat Micro)
• Acinetobacter phage depolymerase (J Virol)
• Structure of phage Qβ (PNAS)
• Video of this episode (YouTube)

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Vincent visits the Smithsonian Institution and speaks with Sabrina Sholts, Jon Epstein, and Ed Niles about the exhibit Outbreak: Epidemics in a Connected World.

Host: Vincent Racaniello

Guests: Sabrina Sholts, Jon Epstein, and Ed Niles

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• Sabrina Sholts
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• Vincent as museum object (AMNH)
• Video of this episode (YouTube)

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The entire TWiV team visits The University of Texas in Austin to record episode #500 with guests Jinny Suh, Jason McClellan, and Jon Huibregtse.

Hosts: Vincent Racaniello, Dickson Despommier, Alan Dove, Rich Condit, and Kathy Spindler

Guests: Jinny Suh, Jason McClellan, and Jon Huibregtse

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• A big list of science podcasts
• Immunize Texas
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• Video of this episode (YouTube)

Alan - The Airplane Cabin Microbiome Rich - Coalition for Epidemic Preparedness Innovations (CEPI)(wiki) Dickson - The Big Five Mass Extinctions Kathy - Virus scarves at Red Bubble phage-specific variety Vincent - Science podcasts

Maureen- 12 year old takes on Flint's Water Crisis

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Vincent and Alan travel to the Canadian Society for Virology meeting in Halifax, Nova Scotia to speak with Nathalie and Craig about their vision for the society, and with Kate and Ryan about their careers and their research.

Hosts: Vincent Racanielloand Alan Dove

Guests: Nathalie Grandvaux, Craig McCormick, Kate O'Brien, and Ryan Noyce

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• TWiV 2018 World Tour
• CSV 2018
• To wheeze or not to wheeze (Lancet Respir Med)
• Synthetic infectious horsepox (PLoS One)

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Vincent, Kathy and Rich travel to ASM Microbe 2018 in Atlanta where they speak with Stacy Horner and Ken Stapleford about their careers and their research.

Hosts: Vincent Racaniello, Rich Condit, and Kathy Spindler

Guests: Stacy Hornerand Ken Stapleford

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• TWiV 2018 World Tour
• RNA modifications go viral(Plos Path)
• N6-methyladenosinein flavivirus genomes (Cell Host Micr)
• Chikungunya virus evolution(Cell Host Micr)

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At Europic 2018, a meeting on picornaviruses in the Netherlands, Vincent speaks with Sasha Gorbalenya, Jim Hogle, Ann Palmenberg and Frank van Kuppeveld about their careers and their research.

Hosts: Vincent Racanielloand Rich Condit

Guests: Sasha Gorbalenya, Jim Hogle, Ann Palmenberg, and Frank van Kuppeveld

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Vincent and Rich recorded this episode at Vaccines in the 21st Century, a meeting held at the University of California, Irvine, where they spoke with Stacy Schultz-Cherry, Douglas Diekema, and Andrew Noymer about vaccine facts and fiction.

Hosts: Vincent Racanielloand Rich Condit

Guests: Stacey Schultz-Cherry, Douglas Diekema, and Andrew Noymer

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• ASM Microbe 2018
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• Dummheit (Healthc Policy)
• Universal influenza vaccine (mBio)
• Vaccine personal belief exemptions (Ann Rev Pub Health)

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The TWiVerati follow up on the Ebola virus outbreak, virulence of Ebola-Makona, and reveal how a parasitoid is revealed to hyperparasitoids, and binding of influenza virus to a calcium ion channel to mediate influenza virus entry.

Hosts: Vincent Racaniello, Alan Dove, and Kathy Spindler

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• ASM Microbe 2018
• Support Viruses & Cells Gordon Conference
• Faculty positions at Icahn School of Medicine
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• Tracing Ebola virus contacts(CIDRAP)
• WHO FAQ Ebola virus vaccine(WHO)
• Nipah virusoutbreak (CIDRAP)
• Revealingparasitoid to hyperparasitoid (PNAS)
• Hyperparasitoidvideo (YouTube)
• Calcium channeland influenza virus entry (Cell Host Microbe)
• Letters readon TWiV 495

Alan - National Cryptologic Museum Rich - Science is mostly about staring Dickson - New Zealand gloworms Kathy - Openingof Smithsonian Outbreak; conference advice General ASV Vincent - ICTV online

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Vincent, Kathy, and Alan review the ongoing outbreak of Ebola virus in the Democratic Republic of the Congo, and the finding that mutations identified in the 2015 West African epidemic do not alter pathogenesis in animals.

Hosts: Vincent Racaniello, Alan Dove, and Kathy Spindler

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• ASM Microbe 2018
• Support Viruses & Cells Gordon Conference
• Faculty positions at Icahn School of Medicine
• International dsRNA Virus Symposium
• New Ebola virus outbreakin DRC (WHO)
• Ebola virus case in urban area of DRC(WHO)
• Ebola virus outbreak not PHEIC(WHO)
• Ebola virus vaccinearrives in DRC (CIDRAP)
• Recent Ebola-Makona mutationsdo not alter pathogenesis (Cell Rep)
• Letters readon TWiV 494

Alan - Happy 35th birthday, PCR Kathy- Everything can be a speaker Vincent - Ocean rise due to rocks(debunked); Gates advises Trump on viruses

Noah- David Baltimore on iBiology

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The TWiVerati discuss the FDA Advisory Committee deliberation on the anti-poxvirus drug tecovirimat, and immune cells in gut-associated lymphoid tissue as the major target during acute murine norovirus infection.

Hosts: Vincent Racaniello, Dickson Despommier, Alan Dove, Rich Condit, and Kathy Spindler

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• ASM Microbe 2018
• Support Viruses & Cells Gordon Conference
• Faculty positions at Icahn School of Medicine
• FDA meeting materials for tecovirimat(FDA)
• SIGA Briefing Information (pdf)
• Errata to the SIGA Briefing Information (pdf)
• Gut immune cells major targets of norovirus infection(Nat Micro)
• RNAscope(J Mol Diag)
• Image credit
• Letters readon TWiV 493

Alan - Personal Finance for PhDsby Emily Roberts Kathy- Optical illusions fool artificial intelligence Rich- 2017-2018 snowfall graphic Dickson- Dust from the Sahara Vincent - The Last Days of Smallpoxby Mark Pallen

Intro music is by Ronald Jenkees.

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The Masters of the TWiXome review the development of sensitive, portable, and field-based viral diagnostics using the CRISPR-Cas system.

Hosts: Vincent Racaniello, Dickson Despommier, Alan Dove, Rich Condit, and Kathy Spindler

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• ASM Microbe 2018
• Support Viruses & Cells Gordon Conference
• Faculty positions at Icahn School of Medicine
• Norovirus outbreaks from nori(Emerging Inf Dis)
• SHERLOCK(Science)
• HUDSON(Science)
• DETECTR(Science)
• Letters readon TWiV 492

Alan - Decline of local newspapers leaves epidemiologists blind Kathy- Journal oversight, mental health research Rich- The Big Sort: An Insider's Tour of a Recycling Plant Dickson- When Science Meets Art Vincent - A Crack in Creationby Doudna and Sternberg

Tom- Trillions Upon Trillions of Viruses Fall From the Sky Each Day

Intro music is by Ronald Jenkees.

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The TWiVome deconstructs the evolutionary history of RNA viruses, and immune promortion of murine norovirus pathogenesis by replication in intestinal tuft cells.

Hosts: Vincent Racaniello, Dickson Despommier, Alan Dove, Rich Condit, and Kathy Spindler

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• ASM Microbe 2018
• Support Viruses & Cells Gordon Conference
• Faculty positions at Icahn School of Medicine
• Evolutionary historyof RNA viruses (Nature)
• The amphioxus song
• Norovirus tropism for tuft cells(Science)
• Letters readon TWiV 491

Alan - Oligodendroglioma in song Kathy- Everything-repellent coating to grime proof phone screens & more Rich- Gaia star map Dickson- Clouds are complicated Vincent - Eradicating polio with a vaccine we must stop using

Stephen- Forget the Avengers, it took real heroes to make India polio-free

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From the TWiV team, human cowpox infection possibly acquired from a pet cat, and a new giant mimivirus of green algae with genes encoding enzymes of fermentation.

Hosts: Vincent Racaniello, Dickson Despommier, Rich Condit, and Kathy Spindler

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• ASM Microbe 2018
• ASV Job Site revamped
• Support Viruses & Cells Gordon Conference
• Faculty positions at Icahn School of Medicine
• Dick Courtney obit
• Human cowpox infection(NEJM)
• Mimivirus encodes fermentation genes(Virology)
• Letters readon TWiV 490

Kathy- Landscapes that look like another world (but they are from Spain) Rich - Brighton Collaboration; Viral Vector Vaccines Safety Working Group (V3SWG)(Chen & DeStefano: Vaccine adverse events: causal or coincidental?) Dickson- Clouds of Jupiter and EBNA2 and autoimmunity Vincent - More than one-third of graduate students report being depressed (original article)

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Vincent visits Sandra Urdaneta-Hartmann at Drexel University College of Medicine in Philadelphia to talk about the development of the mobile video game 'CD4 Hunter'.

Host: Vincent Racaniello

Guest: Sandra Urdaneta-Hartmann

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• CD4 Hunter iOSAndroid
• Sandra on Twitter
• Carla Brown on Twitter
• Inactivation of HIV in breast milk(Retrovirology)
• Nipple shieldto inactivate HIV (Int J Pharm)

Intro music is by Ronald Jenkees.

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The TWiV team reveals that recent mumps virus outbreaks in the US are due to waning vaccine efficacy, and an intranasally delivered small interfering RNA that controls West Nile infection in the brain.

Hosts: Vincent Racaniello, Dickson Despommier, Alan Dove, and Kathy Spindler

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• ASM Microbe 2018
• ASV 2018
• Microbiology Student Symposium at UC Berkeley
• Support Viruses & Cells Gordon Conference
• Waning mumps vaccinein US (Sci Trans Med)
• siRNA controlof West Nile virus brain infection (Cell Host Microbe)
• Image credit
• Letters readon TWiV 488

Kathy- Peak bloom and photographing cherry blossoms Dickson- Origins of vertebrate RNA viruses Alan- Rare footage of anglerfishin the deep ocean Vincent - NIH must reduce disparities in funding

Mariann - Eden Project and Bellyvision Apparatus and the Like Amir- Winners of ICR Science Photography and Photography Contest

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At the Medical College of Wisconsin, Vincent talks with current and former members of the Department of Microbiology and Immunology about their work and their careers.

Host: Vincent Racaniello

Guests: Dominique Carter, Sid Grossberg, John Kirby, Scott Terhune, and Vera Terakanova

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Intro music by Ronald Jenkees

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Sean Whelan returns to TWiV to speak with Vincent about using haploid cell lines to identify genes encoding cell receptors for viruses, including Ebolavirus, Lassa virus, and more.

Host: Vincent Racaniello

Guest: Sean Whelan

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• Ebola virus entry requires the cholesterol transporter Niemann-Pick C1 (Nature)
• Lassa virus entry requires a trigger-induced receptor switch (Science)
• Infectious Entry Pathway Mediated by the Human ERV K Envelope Protein (J Virol)
• Novel Broad-Spectrum Virus Entry Inhibitor (J Virol)
• Mechanism of membrane fusion induced by VSV G protein (PNAS)
• NRP2 and CD63 Are Host Factors for Lujo Virus Cell Entry (Cell Host Micr)
• Image credit

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The TWiV posse considers viral insulin-like peptides encoded in fish genomes, and insect antiviral immunity by production of viral DNA from defective genomes of RNA viruses.

Hosts: Vincent Racaniello, Dickson Despommier, Alan Dove, Kathy Spindler, and Brianne Barker

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• ASM Microbe 2018
• Insulin-like peptides in Iridovirus genomes (PNAS)
• Dicer-2 dependent generation of cvDNA from defective genomes (Cell Host Micr)
• Carla Saleh on insect antiviral immunity (TWiV 301)
• RNAseIII ancient antiviral RNA platform (TWiV 450)
• cvDNA precursor to EVEs (TWiV 482)
• Image credit: Paul Young
• Letters read on TWiV 485

Kathy - Vegas casinos lost money on physicists Brianne - Astronaut twin's DNA is not 7% different! Dickson - Parasitic Diseases lecture videos Alan - In Season blog by Donna Long Vincent - Buckyball viruses

Paul - Wine labels (front, back)

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