This Week in Virology

Host: Vincent Racaniello

Guests: Adam Kucharski, Gillian Slack, and Emma Thomson

Vincent returns to the University of Glasgow MRC-Center for Virus Research and speaks with Emma, Gillian, and Adam about their ebolavirus experiences: caring for an infected patient, working in an Ebola treatment center in Sierra Leone, and making epidemiological predictions about the outbreak in west Africa.

• Tribute to Richard Elliott
• Donate to mesothelioma research for Richard Elliott
• CVR science blog
• Photos of our visit
• Ceilidh goes viral!
• Video of this episode - view below or at YouTube

Timestamps by Jennifer. Thank you!

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Hosts: Vincent Racaniello, Dickson Despommier, Alan Dove, Rich Condit, and Kathy Spindler

The TWiV teams reviews a MERS-coronavirus serosurvey and an outbreak in South Korea, and constraints on measles virus antigenic variation.

• Richard Elliott on TWiV 177
• MERS-CoV outbreak, South Korea (ProMedMail)
• MERS-CoV serosurvey (Lancet Inf Dis)
• Biolabs in your backyard (USA Today)
• Constraints on measles virus antigenic variation (Cell Rep)
• Selection bias and bombers (John D. Cook)
• Virology (journal)
• Image credit: Cameron Moll
• Letters read on TWiV 340

Dickson - Singapore Flower Dome and Cloud ForestAlan - Rescuing biomedical researchKathy - The value of basic researchRich - Virology 60th Anniversary IssueVincent - Careers in virology: Science writing and journalism

Pritesh - How T cells kill cancer cellsRamon - The power of herd immunity

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Hosts: Vincent Racaniello, Alan Dove, and Kathy Spindler

Tre TWiV amici present three snippets and a side of sashimi: how herpesvirus inhibits host cell gene expression by disrupting transcription termination.

• Searching for Steamer in the oceans
• Lassa fever death in NJ (CDC and NYTimes)
• Transgenic mouse model for MERS-CoV (J Virol)
• First West Nile virus disease case in Texas
• Herpesvirus disrupts host transcription termination (Nat Comm)
• Sashimi plots
• Broad benefits of measles virus immunization (TWiM #104)
• Avian influenza outbreak (NPR)
• The virome in health and disease (Immunity)
• Image credit
• Letters read on TWiV 339

Alan - Fooling millions into thinking chocolate helps weight lossKathy - Approaching PlutoVincent - ASM Agar art contest

Daniel - FB pages you need to stop sharing from (one and two)Ken - Bird box science (canceled)

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Hosts: Vincent Racaniello and Kathy Spindler

Guest: Laura Newcomb

Vincent and Kathy visit Laura Newcomb at California State University San Bernardino, where they talk about Laura's viral tatoos, and a protein that protects the mosquito brain from lethal flavivirus infection.

• Neuron-specific mosquito antiviral mechanism (PLoS Path)
• Letters read on TWiV 338
• Photos of our visit
• Video of this episode - view at YouTube

Laura - NP siRNA inhibits different influenza viruses (Antiviral Res)Kathy - Time-lapse miningVincent - Does the public trust science?

Paul - Degree-Off XKCDPeter - Ebola containment, Hans Rosling, eLife podcast, Naked Scientists

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Host: Vincent Racaniello

Guests: Michael Metzger and Steve Goff

Vincent meets up with Michael and Steve to discuss their finding of a transmissible tumor in soft shell clams associated with a retrovirus-like element in the clam genome.

• Hemocytic leukemia in soft shell clam (Sci Total Environ)
• Activation of Steamer in neoplastic hemocytes (PNAS)
• Transmission of clonal cancer cells in clams (Cell)
• Steve Goff on TWiV #76
• Image credit

Timestamps by Jennifer. Thank you!

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Hosts: Vincent Racaniello, Dickson Despommier, Alan Dove, Rich Condit, and Kathy Spindler

The TWiVsters explore mutations in the interferon pathway associated with severe influenza in a child, outbreaks of avian influenza in North American poultry farms, Ebolavirus infection of the eye weeks after recovery, and Ebolavirus stability on surfaces and fluids.

This episode is sponsored by @ASM Conferences and ASM Microbe

• Life threatening influenza and IRF7 deficiency (Science)
• Whole exome sequencing (Wikipedia)
• Herpes encephalitis in children with Trif deficiency (TWiV 175)
• Avian influenza in the US (USDA, ProMedMail, CDC)
• Ebola eye (NEJM, NYTimes)
• Viral persistence (Virology lectures, pdf)
• Uveitis (National Eye Institute)
• Image credit
• Stability of Ebolavirus on surfaces (EID)
• Ignorance with Stuart Firestein (TWiV Special)
• Letters read on TWiV

Timestamps by Jennifer. Thank you!

Alan - Winogradsky time-lapseRich - Missing link in evolution of complex cellsKathy - GrantomeDickson - National Geographic Landscape Photo of the DayVincent - PyMol and Chimera

Mauricio - Vax!

Hosts: Vincent Racaniello, Dickson Despommier, Alan Dove, Rich Condit, and Kathy Spindler

The TWiVumvirate discusses a whole Ebolavirus vaccine that protects primates, the finding that Ebolavirus is not undergoing rapid evolution, and a proposal to increase the pool of life science researchers by cutting money and time from grants.

This episode is sponsored by ASM Microbe and ICAAC/ICC

• Possible sexual transmission of Ebolavirus (MMWR)
• Ebolavirus whole-virus vaccine protects primates (Science)
• Biologically contained Ebolaviruses (PNAS)
• Ebolavirus is evolving but not changing (Virology)
• Ebolavirus not undergoing rapid evolution (Science)
• Letters read on TWiV 335

Timestamps by Jennifer. Thank you!

Alan - PinboardRich - Academic medicine investment in medical researchKathy - Tissue paper stop motion animationDickson - Do peer review panels select best science proposals?Vincent - MMR and autism: Still no association

Ramon - Autism by MMR vaccine statusMehul - Ebolavirus disease courseJustin - Molecular Biology of Bacterial Viruses by Gunther S. Stent

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Hosts: Vincent Racaniello, Dickson Despommier, Alan Dove, Rich Condit, and Kathy Spindler

The TWiVles talk about endogenous viruses in plants, sex and Ebolavirus transmission, an outbreak of canine influenza in the US, Dr. Oz, and doubling the NIH budget.

This episode is sponsored by SciMed Solutions and ASM Education.

• Pinot noir and viruses (Wine Spectator) 35:00
• Endogenous florendoviruses (Nat Commun) 35:30
• Sex and Ebolavirus transmission (WHO, CDC, NYTimes) 54:10
• Ebolavirus waiting (NYTimes) 57:35
• Canine influenza outbreak (ProMed, NorthStarVets) 1:01:10
• Dr. Oz under fire (NYTimes) 1:06:20
• TV doctors (Brit Med J) 1:09:50
• Double the NIH budget (NYTimes) 1:11:45
• Image credit: Grapes and Caulimovirus
• Letters read on TWiV 334 6:10

Timestamps by Jennifer. Thank you!

Alan - NIH RFI: How do we fix this mess?Rich - Editing embryos (PopSci, Prot Cell)Kathy - Creative class presentations (one, two, three, four)Dickson - The most tornadoesVincent - Apollo 13, 45 years later (Ars, IEEE, Farewell)

Johnye - Rudolf and Leopold Blaschka

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Host: Vincent Racaniello

Guests: Ben Fensterheim, Megan Freeman, Bobak Parang, and Meredith Rogers

Vincent returns to Vanderbilt University and meets up with Ben, Megan, Bobak, and Meredith to learn about life in the Medical Scientist Training Program.

• MTGR1 and intestinal secretory lineage allocation (Faseb J)
• Coronaviruses induce macropinocytosis (mBio)
• PD-1 and respiratory virus reinfection (J Immunol)
• Vanderbilt MSTP on Facebook
• Video of this episode: view at YouTube

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Host: Vincent Racaniello

Guests: Seth Bordenstein, James Crowe, and Mark Denison

Vincent visits Vanderbilt University and meets up with Seth, Jim, and Mark to talk about their work on a virus of Wolbachia, anti-viral antibodies, and coronaviruses.

• SARS-CoV error correction (PLoS Path) 19:00
• Marburg virus neutralization by a human antibody (Cell one and two) 56:35
• Phage WO, Wolbachia and Drosophila (Peer J) 1:02:00
• Seth's blog Symbionticism 1:31:30
• Seth on Twitter
• Video of this episode: view at YouTube

Timestamps by Jennifer. Thank you!

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The TWiV team discusses the possible association of the respiratory pathogen enterovirus D68 with neurological disease.

This episode is sponsored by SciMed Solutions and ASM Education.

• Clusters of AFP associated with enterovirus D68 (Lancet) 31:35
• Novel outbreak enterovirus D68 strain (Lancet Inf Dis) 53:00
• Enterovirus D68 in Norway (Euro Surveill) 1:12:00
• Unknown enemy (Nature) 1:10:40
• Enterovirus D68 on TWiV 302
• Letters read on TWiV 331 8:00, 1:23:50

Timestamps by Jennifer. Thank you!

Alan - OU0POLIO ham radio special event station (on air reports)Rich - Crane building itself (YouTube)Kathy - Vaccine heroes LEGO projectDickson - Life at the limitsVincent - Emperor of all Maladies film and Conference gender balance

Jake - Designing useful microbes

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Hosts: Vincent Racaniello, Dickson Despommier, Alan Dove, Rich Condit, and Kathy Spindler

The TWiVers explain how a protein platform assists the hepatitis C virus RNA polymerase to begin the task of making viral genomes.

• NYAS Afterschool STEM Mentoring Program
• Concerns about editing the human germline (Science, Nature)
• Engineering the perfect baby (MIT Tech Rev)
• RNA recognition by HCV polymerase (Science)
• Kickstarting an RNA polymerase (Science)
• A protein platform for priming (virology blog)
• Apoenzyme and holoenzyme (Wikibooks)
• Ebolavirus will not become a respiratory pathogen (virology blog)
• Burkholderia pseudomallei (CDC)
• Letters read on TWiV 330

Timestamps by Jennifer. Thank you!

Alan - X-Flare 2.1 capturedRich - Volvo ocean race drops research buoys (YouTube)Kathy - Nature double-blind peer reviewDickson - Largest cave in the worldVincent - New program for early-career scientists

Michael - Space Engine and Kerbal Space ProgramVarun CN - Incognito by David Eagleman

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Hosts: Vincent Racaniello, Dickson Despommier, Alan Dove, Rich Condit, and Kathy Spindler

The TWiV team reviews identification of immune biomarkers in CFS/ME patients, and how a cell nuclease controls the innate immune response to vaccinia virus infection.

• Immune signatures in ME/CFS (Science Adv) 11:15
• Systemic exertion intolerance disease (Lancet) 19:50
• Cell nuclease controls anti-viral responses (Cell Host Micr) 25:10
• Poxvirus decapping enzymes prevent innate responses (Cell Host Micr) 1:15:40
• Caps off to poxviruses (Cell Host Micr)
• Drummer Mohr (YouTube) 1:24:05
• Bornavirus in squirrel breeders (ProMedMail) 1:28:45
• Principles of Microbial Diversity 5:30
• Journal of Microbiology & Biology Education 1:24:25
• Cross-stitch by Anne Marie 1:34:40
• Letters read on TWiV 329 1:25:00

Timestamps by Jennifer. Thank you!

Alan - NASA Solar Dynamics Observatory videoRich - Mutagenic chain reaction (Video: Genome editing with CRISPR)Kathy - Science Ambassadors ProgramDickson - Street ArtVincent - End Polio Now

Ross - Three PhD Comics on Nature vs Science (one, two, three)Ricardo - Demographic Party Trick

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Hosts: Vincent Racaniello, Dickson Despommier, Alan Dove, Rich Condit, and Kathy Spindler

The TWiVocateurs discuss how the RNA polymerase of enteroviruses binds a component of the splicing machinery and inhibits mRNA processing.

• Viral polymerase binds Prp8 to inhibit mRNA splicing (PLoS Path)
• Prp8 protein of the spliceosome (RNA)
• Nuclear entry of poliovirus RdRp (Virol)
• RNA processing (TWiV 216)
• Measles in USA (CDC)
• Principles of Microbial Diversity
• Journal of Microbiology & Biology Education
• Letters read on TWiV 328

Alan - Positively Negative (PLoS One)Rich - ISS assembly (YouTube)Kathy - Ancient treesDickson - Carolyn PorcoVincent - Tony Fauci on Ebola outbreak (YouTube)

David - Shot by ShotJudi - The Power of Herd Immunity

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Hosts: Vincent Racaniello, Dickson Despommier, Alan Dove, Rich Condit, and Kathy Spindler

The eTWiVicators review evidence that the HIV-1 group O epidemic began with a single cross-species transmission of virus from western lowland gorillas.

• Traces of ATCV-1 associated with laboratory contamination (PNAS)
• ATCV-1 findings not explained by contamination (PNAS)
• Origin of HIV-1 group O epidemic in western lowland gorillas (PNAS)
• INNO-LIA
• Principles of Microbial Diversity
• Image credit: John
• Letters read on TWiV 327

Alan - California bill to eliminate personal vaccine exemptionsRich - Kepler observatory (Kepler-186f)Kathy - USGS disease mapDickson - Philosphy of Microbiology by Maureen O'MalleyVincent - Nautilus

Ken - Life in our phage world (online, book party); All about that baseNeal - Gilles van Cutsem at CROIRicardo - Flow hive

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Hosts: Vincent Racaniello, Alan Dove, and Rich Condit

The sternutating TWiVers discuss preventing infection of cells and animals by a soluble CD4-CCR5 molecule that binds to HIV-1 virus particles.

• Dif-tor heh smusma (NY Times)
• Immunization preterm premature infants (Thanks, Johnye!)
• HIV and SHIV protection conferred by eCD4-Ig (Nature)
• Tyrosine sulfation (Wikipedia)
• GBV-C and Ebolavirus infection (J Virol)
• Letters read on TWiV 326

Alan - Toms River by Dan FaginRich - Spin by Robert CharlesVincent - FCC votes for net neutrality (ArsTechnica)

Neal - Why doesn't everyone get the flu vaccine?Fernando - Zombie Jonas Salk hunts idiotsNeva - Physicists in biology

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Host: Vincent Racaniello

Guests: Rollie Clem and Lorena Passarelli

Vincent visits the 'Little Apple' and speaks with Rollie and Lorena about their work on mosquito-born viruses and baculoviruses.

• Apoptosis inhibition in A. aegypti (Apop)
• Initiator caspase in armyworm (Insect Bioc Mol Biol)
• Manipulating apoptosis in A. aegypti (J Virol)
• Viral inhibitors of apoptosis (Sem Cell Dev Biol)
• Baculoviruses: Sophisticated pathogens (PLoS Path)
• Baculovirus morphogenesis (Virol)
• Barriers to baculovirus success (Virol)
• Baculovirus endonuclease (J Virol)
• Baculovirus DNA damage response (J Virol)
• Video of this episode - view at YouTube

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Hosts: Vincent Racaniello, Dickson Despommier, Alan Dove, Rich Condit, and Kathy Spindler

Guest: Lee Feinman

Lee joins the TWiV team to discuss the value of post-doctoral training, and how a cellular microRNA assists in the replication of hepatitis C virus.

• Spin by Robert Charles Wilson
• Immunization of preterm infants (Dev Period Med)
• miR-122 alters HCV translation-replication balance (Cell Host Micr)
• Holding a miR to HCV (TWiV 180)
• Treating hepatitis C by blocking miR-122 (virology blog)
• Click chemistry (Wikipedia)
• Image credit
• Ebolavirus sitrep (WHO)
• Letters read on TWiV 324

Lee - Furthering America's Research and Upgoer five and sixAlan - Best snow shovelRich - Ripple tankKathy - FractalsDickson - World Press Photo Contest 2015Vincent - What to do about antivax politicians and physicians

Patricia - Future of Bioscience Graduate & Postdoc trainingPaul - This is my son Griffin, and he may have measles

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Hosts: Vincent Racaniello, Dickson Despommier, Alan Dove, and Kathy Spindler

The family TWiVidae discuss changes in the human fecal virome associated with Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis.

• Enteric virome changes in inflammatory bowel disease (Cell)
• Gov. Christie stumbles on vaccination (NY Times)
• Anti-vax psychology (NPR)
• Vaccine skeptic changes her mind (NPR)
• Ebolavirus sitrep (WHO)
• Letters read on TWiV 323

Alan - SitesuckerRich - Snake picked wrong dinnerDickson - Sapporo Snow FestivalVincent - Mapping NYC subway DNA

Gretchen - Scientific way to cut a cakeLeslie - Principles of Virology, Second Edition

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Hosts: Vincent Racaniello, Dickson Despommier, Alan Dove, and Kathy Spindler

The TWiVodes answer listener email about hantaviruses, antivirals, H1N1 vaccine and narcolepsy, credibility of peer review, Bourbon virus, influenza vaccine, careers in virology, and much more.

• Bourbon virus (NY Times)
• Thogotovirus (ViralZone)
• Drug induced apoptosis and HIV infection (PLoS One)
• Mumps cases and outbreaks (CDC)
• Opossums as pets? (doc)
• Cat found
• Letters read on TWiV 322

Alan - Boom by Tony HorowitzKathy - Octopus supermomDickson - MacrophotographyVincent - Virology lectures 2015 (virology blog and YouTube)

Paul - Illsville: Fight the DiseaseRamon - Vaccinate! Do it for the testiclesSandra - Who can you trust?

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Hosts: Vincent Racaniello, Dickson Despommier, Alan Dove, and Kathy Spindler

Guest: Paul Duprex

Paul joins the TWiV team to discuss the current moratorium on viral research to alter transmission, range and resistance, infectivity and immunity, and pathogenesis.

• Wain-Hobson objects (one, two, three, four)
• Influenza H7N1 transmission experiments (J Virol)
• Epistemological perspective on aTRIP experiments (mBio)
• Limited scientific value and risk (mBio)
• Reply to limited scientific value (mBio)
• Risks and benefits of aTRIP experiments (mBio)
• Apocalypse as rhetorical device in aTRIP debate (mBio)
• Moratorium on aTRIP experiments
• Moratorium on aTRIP research (mBio)
• Risks of influenza virus transmission experiments (mBio)
• Reply to risks of influenza virus transmission experiments (mBio)
• Vagueness of moratorium on aTRIP experiments (mBio)
• Role of aTRIP experiments in vaccine recommendation (mBio)
• Use of aTRIP data for surveillance and preparedness (mBio)
• aTRIP towards lexiconic precision (mBio)
• October 2014 NSABB meeting on aTRIP
• NAS aTRIP meeting (YouTube)
• MERS-CoV aTRIP experiments exempted (ScienceInsider)
• aTRIP: time for a debate (Nat Rev Micro)
• Effect of aTRIP moratorium on trainee plans (mBio)
• Make the moratorium permanent (Sci Am)
• Image credirt: John Morris
• Letters read on TWiV 321

Alan - In a Sunburned Country by Bill BrysonPaul - Saving the lives of our dogs (blog post)Kathy - New all-female Lego setDickson - Female storm-chaserVincent - Despommier Photo Art

Jacob - Exaggeration in news and press releases (BMJ)Peter - Quartet game (photos: one, two, three, four, five)

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Host: Vincent Racaniello

Guest: John Coffin

Vincent speaks with John Coffin about his career studying retroviruses, including working with Howard Temin, endogenous retroviruses, XMRV, chronic fatigue syndrome and prostate cancer, HIV/AIDS, and his interest in growing cranberries.

• John Coffin (Wikipedia)
• Specific HIV integration sites (Science)
• Novel retrovirus in modern birds (J Virol)
• Recombinant origin of XMRV (Science)
• Cranberry harvest (jpg)

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Hosts: Vincent Racaniello, Dickson Despommier, Alan Dove, Rich Condit, and Kathy Spindler

The TWiVers review the outcomes of two recent phase 3 clinical trials of a quadrivalent dengue virus vaccine in Asia and Latin America.

• Efficacy of dengue vaccine (NEJM)
• Preventing dengue (NEJM)
• Dengue viruses (Scitable)
• Intention to treat (Wikipedia)
• Image credit: Jean-Yves Sgro
• Letters read on TWiV 319

Alan - The Toaster Project by Thomas ThwaitesRich - SpaceX reusable rocket (SpaceX)Kathy - Antarctica: A Year on IceDickson - NHL Mumps outbreak and Hubble Andromeda imageVincent - We the Microbiologist

Neva - Mosquito earringsBasel - Flu vaccine selection meeting

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Hosts: Vincent Racaniello, Alan Dove, Rich Condit, and Kathy Spindler

The TWiV gang reviews ten fascinating, compelling, and riveting virology stories from 2014.

• Ebola virus outbreak (TWiV 314, 309, 308, 307, 306, 305, 304, 303, 302, 298, 297, 283)
• Directional uncoating of rhinovirus RNA (TWiV 267)
• Pandemic pathogen controversy (TWiV 287)
• Viral evolution (TWiV 275)
• Borna virus inhibition by endogenous DNA (TWiV 303)
• MERS-CoV in dromedary camels (TWiV special, TWiV 287)
• Oncolytic measles virus (TWiV 298)
• Amazing norovirus findings (TWiV 312 and 313)
• Toxin delivery to aphids (TWiV 272)
• The Salk Legacy (TWiV 281)

• Bat-filled tree (Science)
• Possible Ebola virus lab exposure (CIDRAP)
• Mishandling of Ebola virus sample (NY Times)
• Where could Ebola virus strike next? (NPR)
• New Legos of female scientists
• Photo and cookie by Kathy Spindler
• Letters read on TWiV 318

Alan - Mystery photos from CERNRich - Adam E. Cohen: Bringing bioelectricity to lightKathy - Wired's top microbe stories of 2014Dickson - Mouse jokeVincent - The Science of Epidemics (Time Inc Special)

Neva - Sir BacteriophageSagi - An unboring polio documentary

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Host: Vincent Racaniello

Guests: Eurico Arruda, Gustavo Acrani, Cintia Bittar, Tatiana Domitrovic, and Suellen Galvino-Costa

On his second trip to Brazil, Vincent joins Eurico to speak with three young virologists, Gustavo, Cintia, Tatiana, and Suellen, about their work and their prospects for careers in science.

Video of this episode: view at YouTube

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Hosts: Vincent Racaniello, Alan Dove, Rich Condit, and Kathy Spindler

Vincent, Alan, Rich and Kathy discuss how interleukin 10 modulation of Th17 helper cells contribute to alphavirus pathogenesis.

Links for this episode

• IL10 modulation of Th17 cells during alphavirus pathogenesis (PNAS)
• Th17 cells involved in influenza mediated gut injury (J Exp Med)
• Helper T cells
• 2014-15 flu season (CDC)
• Key facts about flu & flu vaccine (CDC)
• Does the flu vaccine work? (Turbid plaque)
• Effectiveness of flu vaccine (virology blog)
• Image credit
• Letters read on TWiV 316

Alan - It came from the pondRich - WanderersKathy - The Sense of Style by Steven PinkerVincent - Life in Our Phage World

Fernando - Reality based?

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Hosts: Vincent Racaniello, Alan Dove, Rich Condit, and Kathy Spindler

Vincent, Alan, Rich and Kathy association of a virus with sea star melting disease, and the finding of a phycodnavirus in the oropharynx of humans with altered cognitive functions.

• National Influenza Immunization Week (CDC)
• Densovirus associated with sea star wasting disease (PNAS)
• A virus that melts sea stars (virology blog)
• Chlorovirus in human oropharynx (PNAS)
• Algal virus in humans (virology blog)
• Image credit
• Letters read on TWiV 315

Alan - ReelLife Science 2014 WinnersRich - The Martian by Andy WeirKathy - Dance Your Ph.D. WinnerVincent - Time Person of the Year 2014 - The Ebola Fighters

Ricardo - MiniPCREli - Let's outsmart Ebola together AND The Ebola virus explained

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Host: Vincent Racaniello

Guests: Kartik Chandran, Ganjam Kalpana, and Margaret Kielian

Vincent travels to Albert Einstein College of Medicine where he speaks with Kartik, Ganjam, and Margaret about their work on Ebolavirus entry, a tumor suppressor that binds the HIV-1 integrase, and the entry of togaviruses and flaviviruses into cells.

• Antibodies that protect against Sudan virus (ACS Chem Biol)
• Ebola virus entry requires NPC1 (EMBO J)
• A toggle switch for virus entry (Nat Comm)
• Imaging alphavirus exit (J Virol)
• Defects in HIV-1 unable to interact with INI1 (Retrovirol)
• Cell cycle arrest by INI1 (Mol Cell Biol)
• Video of this episode - view at YouTube

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Hosts: Vincent Racaniello, Alan Dove, and Rich Condit

Vincent, Alan, and Rich discuss how norovirus, an enteric virus, can replace the functions of the gut microbiome.

• Ebola virus update (WHO)
• Norovirus can replace functions of gut microbiome (Nature)
• Post-vaccinal distemper encephalitis (N Z Vet J)
• Novel sea otter poxvirus (J Wildl Dis)
• Poliovirus escapes antibodies (virology blog)
• CDC whistleblower saga (Sci Based Med)
• Snopes on CDC whistleblower
• Image credit
• Letters read on TWiV 313
• Video of this episode - view at YouTube

Alan - RetrocomputingRich - Where is Rosetta?Vincent - Antares rocket explosion

Simon - Relatively PrimeMark - Giant Microbes

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Hosts: Vincent Racaniello, Dickson Despommier, Alan Dove, Rich Condit, and Kathy Spindler

The TWiVbolans discuss the finding that human noroviruses, major causes of gastroenteritis, can for the first time be propagated in B cell cultures, with the help of enteric bacteria.

This episode of TWiV is brought to you by the Department of Microbiology at Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai. Composed of over 20 virology labs, all centralized in one building in the heart of New York City, this department is a perfect fit for anyone with an interest in pursuing virus research. The Department is presently looking to recruit any prospective graduate students to apply to our program by the December 1st deadline. Interested postdocs are also encouraged to contact faculty of interest. For more information about the Department, please visit www.mssm.edu/MIC.

• Ebola virus appropriations (White House)
• ASM Ebola FAQ
• Quarantine due to Ebola virus in semen (NPR)
• Enteric bacteria promote norovirus infection of B cells (Science)
• Norovirus emerges (Zimmer)
• Stephanie Karst on TWiV 134
• Image credit
• Letters read on TWiV 312

Alan - How Ebola airlifts workKathy - Fred Murphy's Foundations of VirologyRich - Pendulum waveDickson - Young DipteristsVincent - Microbes After Hours: Ebola and TWiV iPhone 6 case

Alane - Health MapTodd - Formaldehyde in vaccines

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Host: Vincent Racaniello

Guests: Zhen Fu and Biao He

Vincent visits the University of Georgia where he speaks with Zhen Fu and Biao He about their work on rabies virus and paramyxoviruses.

Links for this episode

• Blood-brain permeability and rabies survival (Antiviral Res)
• Rabies induces blood-brain permeability (J Virol)
• Virus neutralizing antibodies in CNS of non-lethal rabies (PLoS Neg Trop Dis)
• RSV vaccine based on PIV5 (Vaccine)
• New mumps vaccine (J Virol)
• PIV5-based influenza virus vaccine (J Virol)
• Video of this episode - view at YouTube

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Hosts: Vincent Racaniello and Glenn Rall

Guest: Ann Skalka

Vincent and Glenn meet up with Ann and talk about her long and productive career in virology, from biochemistry to bacteriophage lambda to retroviruses.

• Skalka laboratory
• Asilomar Conference on recombinant DNA
• Unexpected inheritance (PLoS Path)
• Viral sequences in vertebrate genomes (J Virol)
• Assembly of integrase multimers (J Biol Chem)
• Cell cycle and retrovirus integration (J Cell Bioch)
• Video of this episode - view at YouTube

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Hosts: Vincent Racaniello, Dickson Despommier, Alan Dove, Rich Condit, and Kathy Spindler

The TWiVocytes answer questions about Ebola virus, including mode of transmission, quarantine, incubation period, immunity, and much more.

This episode of TWiV is brought to you by the Department of Microbiology at Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai. Composed of over 20 virology labs, all centralized in one building in the heart of New York City, this department is a perfect fit for anyone with an interest in pursuing virus research. The Department is presently looking to recruit any prospective graduate students to apply to our program by the December 1st deadline. Interested postdocs are also encouraged to contact faculty of interest. For more information about the Department, please visit www.mssm.edu/MIC.

• Guidelines for monitoring potentially infected persons (CDC)
• ASTMH meeting rejects attendees from Ebola countries (ScienceInsider)
• Defense Threat Reduction Agency call for Ebola virus proposals
• NSF calls for Ebola virus proposals
• Review of Ebola virus human-human transmission (CDC)
• How Firestone controlled Ebola virus (MMWR)
• Could Reston virus be a vaccine for Ebola virus? (virology blog)
• Letters read on TWiV 309

Alan - CDC Influenza activity weekly mapsKathy - Going Deep with David ReesRich - Virology Special Issue: Giant VirusesDickson - Nikon Small World WinnersVincent - TWiM #90 and Republicans are not scientists

Paul - Tricks and Tools of Great ScientistsYegor - Hardcore HistoryAmanda - Vaccine ingredients; Anti-vaxers damage; Minds of anti-vaxers

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Host: Vincent Racaniello

Guest: Tom Solomon

Tom talks with Vincent about viral central nervous system infections of global importance, Ebola virus, and running the fastest marathon dressed as a doctor.

• World's biggest brain
• Tom's YouTube channel
• Sex, drugs, and emerging viruses (TedX)
• The Running Mad Professor
• Image credit: ClickLiverpool
• Video of this episode - view at YouTube

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Hosts: Vincent Racaniello, Alan Dove, and Kathy Spindler

Guest: Tara C. Smith

Tara Smith joins the TWiEBOVsters to discuss the Ebola virus outbreak in west Africa, spread of the disease to and within the US, transmission of the virus, and much more.

This episode of TWiV is brought to you by the Department of Microbiology at Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai. Composed of over 20 virology labs, all centralized in one building in the heart of New York City, this department is a perfect fit for anyone with an interest in pursuing virus research. The Department is presently looking to recruit any prospective graduate students to apply to our program by the December 1st deadline. Interested postdocs are also encouraged to contact faculty of interest. For more information about the Department, please visit www.mssm.edu/MIC.

• Science communications fellow at ASM
• Nation turns to science (New Yorker)
• CDC employees in West Africa (CDC)
• UN botched Ebola response (AP)
• Ebola czar (CNN)
• Ebola vaccine and budget cuts (HuffPo)
• Collins' ridiculous meme (NOT junk)
• How to quarantine against Ebola (Mukherjee)
• Ebola fear in Heartland (Tara Smith)
• Massive mutations in Ebola virus (PunditFact)
• Ebola airport screening (CDC)
• What is contact tracing? (video) (CDC)
• Inside MSF Ebola unit (YouTube)
• Ebola tech bulletin (DuPont)
• HAI controversies
• Letters read on TWiV 307

Alan - Fall foliage mapKathy - Interviews with Peter Piot (one, two) and autobiographyVincent - The Ebola connection

Brooke - N.B. Designs on EtsyVictor - SMBC

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Hosts: Vincent Racaniello, Alan Dove, and Kathy Spindler

The Grand Masters of the TWiV discuss Ebola virus transmission, air travel from West Africa, Ebola virus infectivity on surfaces, the Dallas Ebola virus patient, and Ebola virus in dogs.

This episode of TWiV is brought to you by the Department of Microbiology at Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai. Composed of over 20 virology labs, all centralized in one building in the heart of New York City, this department is a perfect fit for anyone with an interest in pursuing virus research. The Department is presently looking to recruit any prospective graduate students to apply to our program by the December 1st deadline. Interested postdocs are also encouraged to contact faculty of interest. For more information about the Department, please visit www.mssm.edu/MIC.

• Science communications fellow at ASM
• CDC Ebola virus fact sheet (pdf)
• CDC Ebola virus infographic (pdf)
• No Reston virus replication in arthropods (Am J Trop Med Hyg)
• Inoculation of plants and animals with Ebola virus (Emerg Inf Dis)
• Arthropod studies during Ebola virus outbreak (J Inf Dis)
• Medbox: Ebola toolbox
• Facts about bushmeat and Ebola (pdf, CDC)
• Should US ban incoming flights from West Africa?
• Survey: should flights from Ebola countries be banned? (NBC News)
• Ebolavirus content at virology blog and TWiV
• Volunteer to help with the Ebola virus crisis
• Ebola and Anthropology webinar
• Asymptomatic Ebola virus infection (Lancet)
• Persistence of Ebola virus during 1995 outbreak (J Inf Dis)
• Assessment of Ebola virus transmission risk (J Inf Dis)
• Ebola virus transmission risk factors (Emerg Inf Dis)
• UV inactivation of Ebola virus (J Virol)
• Ebola virus persistence in darkness (Arch Virol)
• UV sensitivity of Ebola virus (Arch Virol)
• Treatment of Ebola virus infection with brincidofovir (virology blog)
• Ebola virus in domestic animals (Dev Biol)
• Ebola virus in dogs (Emerg Inf Dis)
• Ebola screening at US airports (CDC)
• Letters read on TWiV 306

Alan - The Sixth Extinction by Elizabeth KolbertKathy - Seeing the InvisibleVincent - 2014 Scientific American Science in Action Award winner

Mauricio - Investigating a mystery diseaseHeather - Diversity Journal ClubJohnye - Flu Attack!

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Hosts: Vincent Racaniello, Alan Dove, and Kathy Spindler

Vincent, Alan, and Kathy continue their coverage of the Ebola virus outbreak in West Africa, with a discussion of case fatality ratio, reproductive index, a conspiracy theory, and spread of the virus to the United States.

This episode of TWiV is brought to you by the Department of Microbiology at Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai. Composed of over 20 virology labs, all centralized in one building in the heart of New York City, this department is a perfect fit for anyone with an interest in pursuing virus research. The Department is presently looking to recruit any prospective graduate students to apply to our program by the December 1st deadline. Interested postdocs are also encouraged to contact faculty of interest. For more information about the Department, please visit www.mssm.edu/MIC.

• Science communications fellow at ASM
• Can we get AIDS from mosquito bites? (J La State Med Soc)
• Why mosquitoes cannot transmit AIDS
• Isolation of Bundibugyo ebolavirus in Uganda (PLoS Path)
• Ebola virus disease outbreak, Nigeria (MMWR)
• Nigeria contains Ebola virus outbreak (NY Times)
• First Ebola virus case in US (NY Times)
• Ebola virus disease: USA ex Liberia (ProMedMail)
• First imported Ebola virus case in US (CDC)
• Assessing risk of spread of Ebola virus (PLoS Currents)
• How contagious is Ebola virus? (NPR)
• Estimating reproductive index of Ebola virus (PLoS Currents)
• Polio-like illness, EV-D68 suspected (ProMedMail)
• Polio-like illness, North America (ProMedMail)
• Four deaths associated with EV-D68 (NY Times)
• Image credit: Pigott et al eLife
• Letters read on TWiV 305
• Video of this episode - view at YouTube

Alan - Under the knife, episode 1Kathy - UCSC Ebola genome portalVincent - Annual Review of Virology, volume 1

Alan - H5N1Peter - Vomiting LarryDara - I just can't wait for my vaccine!

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Hosts: Vincent Racaniello, Dickson Despommier, Alan Dove, and Kathy Spindler

Guest: Jeff Shaman

The TWiV team consults an epidemiologist to forecast the future scope of the Ebola virus epidemic in West Africa.

This episode of TWiV is brought to you by the Department of Microbiology at Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai. Composed of over 20 virology labs, all centralized in one building in the heart of New York City, this department is a perfect fit for anyone with an interest in pursuing virus research. The Department is presently looking to recruit any prospective graduate students to apply to our program by the December 1st deadline. Interested postdocs are also encouraged to contact faculty of interest. For more information about the Department, please visit www.mssm.edu/MIC.

• Science communications fellow at ASM
• Estimating future cases in Ebola virus epidemic (MMWR)
• Columbia prediction of Ebola outbreak
• The Ebola emergency (NEJM)
• Q&As on Ebola virus transmission (CDC)
• Ebola virus transmission to monkeys (Lancet)
• Aerosol infection of monkeys with Ebola virus (Int J Exp Path)
• Ebola virus replication in pigs (J Inf Dis)
• Pathology of aerosol Ebola virus infection in rhesus macaques (Vet Path)
• Murine model of Ebolavirus infection (Viruses)
• Ebola virus transmission from pigs to non-human primates (Sci Rep)
• Transmission risks in BSL4 laboratory (Sci Rep)
• Why Ebola virus is unlikely to go airborne (Vox)
• Letters read on TWiV 304

Alan - Fabre's Book of InsectsKathy - Origami microscope for 50 centsDickson - Landsat 8Vincent - Some advice from Jeff Bezos

Justin - Brazil releases 'good' mosquitoes to fight dengue fever

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Hosts: Vincent Racaniello, Dickson Despommier, Alan Dove, and Kathy Spindler

The TWiV team discusses transmission of Ebola virus, and inhibition of Borna disease virus replication by viral DNA in the ground squirrel genome.

This episode of TWiV is brought to you by the Department of Microbiology at Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai. Composed of over 20 virology labs, all centralized in one building in the heart of New York City, this department is a perfect fit for anyone with an interest in pursuing virus research. The Department is presently looking to recruit any prospective graduate students to apply to our program by the December 1st deadline. Interested postdocs are also encouraged to contact faculty of interest. For more information about the Department, please visit www.mssm.edu/MIC.

• 2014 Ebola virus outbreak at Healthmap
• Ebola virus transmission from bodily fluids and fomites (JID)
• Value of gain of function experiments (mBio)
• Rich Condit in the Washington Post on Ebola virus
• NPR on Ebola virus transmission
• What we are not afraid to say about Ebola virus (virology blog)
• Inhibition of Borna disease virus by an endogenous element (PNAS)
• Bornavirus at ViralZone
• Photo: Thirteen-lined ground squirrel (image credit)
• Letters read on TWiV 303

Alan - PhotogrammarKathy - Refrigerate your tomatoes?Dickson - Robot swarmVincent - The Beginner's guide to winning the Nobel Prize by Peter Doherty

Dee - Publish scientific research faster on TWiSTBasel - Lego microscope (vote for it)

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Hosts: Vincent Racaniello, Dickson Despommier, Alan Dove, Rich Condit, and Kathy Spindler

The TWiVers discuss the growing Ebola virus outbreak in West Africa, and an epidemic of respiratory disease in the US caused by enterovirus D68.

• Cancer patient saved by measles virus
• Ebola virus genome sequences (Science)
• Robert Garry on Ebola outbreak
• Aerosol transmission
• WHO Ebola outbreak summary
• CDC Ebola outbreak page
• Ebola outbreak epi curve
• CED Ebola outbreak info graphic
• Ebola response roadmap (CDC)
• Ebola outbreak discussion at ICAAC
• Human trial of Ebola virus vaccine (CNN)
• Chimpanzee adenovirus vectored Ebola virus vaccine (Nat Med)
• How US Ebola patients were cured (Sci Amer)
• Ebola outbreak could affect 20,000 (NY Times)
• Ebola infection control resources
• NLM free access to Ebola papers
• Science Ebola papers open access
• Gates donates money for Ebola outbreak (Wash Post)
• Smuggled bushmeat? (Newsweek)
• What we are not afraid to say about Ebola (NY Times)
• Enterovirus D68 outbreak (MMWR)
• Mark Pallansch on EV-D68 (NPR)
• Enterovirus D68 (CDC)
• EV-D68 isolation 1962 (Am J Ep)
• Outbreak of enterovirus 68 (virology blog)
• Letters read on TWiV 302

Alan - Index to creationist claimsRich - Wild KrattsKathy - Worn awayDickson - Iceland volcano eruptionVincent - Immune Quest

Kay - Landes Bioscience open access books

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Host: Vincent Racaniello

Guests: Carla Saleh and Curtis Suttle

At the International Congress of Virology in Montreal, Vincent speaks with Carla and Curtis about their work on RNA interference and antiviral defense in fruit flies, and viruses in the sea, the greatest biodiversity on Earth.

• Greatest biodiversity on Earth (Genome)
• Cafeteria roenbergensis virus (PNAS)
• Marine viruses (Nat Rev Micro)
• RNAi and reverse transcription is antiviral in flies (Nat Imm)
• Friendly persistent infections (Curr Op Micro)
• RNAi and antiviral defense in Drosophila (Dev Comp Imm)
• Video of this episode - view at YouTube

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Hosts: Vincent Racaniello, Dickson Despommier, Alan Dove, Rich Condit, and Kathy Spindler

Recording together for the first time, the TWiV team celebrates their 300th recording at the American Society for Microbiology headquarters in Washington, DC, where Vincent speaks with Dickson, Alan, Rich, and Kathy about their careers in science.

• So Happy Together (The Turtles)
• Viral Hemorrhagic Fever Consortium
• Support Kenema VHFC program
• Letters read on TWiV 298
• Video of this episode - view at YouTube

Alan - The Internet's Original SinDickson - PlacidcoyoteRich - Scientific Method, Grail StyleKathy - Viruses Throughout Life and TimeVincent - ALS Ice Bucket Challenge

Jim - iBiologyVictoria - Images of ScienceMehul/Walt - Calling the Shots

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Host: Vincent Racaniello

Guests: Marshall Bloom, Sonja Best, and Byron Caughey

Vincent visits the Rocky Mountain Laboratories in Hamilton, Montana and speaks with Marshall, Sonja, and Byron about their work on tick-born flaviviruses, innate immunity, and prion diseases.

• Rocky Mountain Laboratories, NIH
• Flavivirus persistence (Path Dis)
• Flaviviruses antagonize IRF1 (J Imm)
• Prion test using nasal brushings (NEJM)
• Video of this episode - view at YouTube

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Hosts: Vincent Racaniello, Alan Dove, Rich Condit, and Kathy Spindler

The TWiV gang answer follow-up questions about the Ebola virus outbreak in West Africa, then discuss treatment of disseminated multiple myeloma with oncolytic measles virus.

• Use of unregistered interventions for Ebola virus disease (WHO)
• Response to anthrax and H5N1 incidents (CDC)
• Remission of disseminated cancer after treatment with oncolytic measles virus (Mayo Clin Proc)
• New viruses for cancer therapy (Nat Rev Micro)
• Cattaneo on TWiV
• Image credit
• Letters read on TWiV 298

Alan - WTF, Evolution?! by Mara GrunbaumRich - Cold Spring Harbor Oral History CollectionKathy - Inside insidesVincent - Going Viral (Rocky Mountain Ballet Theatre)

Kim - Nobel Prize PodcastsJohnye - The Planet is FineJennie - Counter-Zombie Dominance Plan (pdf)

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Hosts: Vincent Racaniello, Alan Dove, Rich Condit, and Kathy Spindler

The TWiVites present an all-ebolavirus episode, tackling virology, epidemiology, and approaches to prevention and cure that are in the pipeline.

• Risks and benefits of gain-of-function experiments (mBio)
• Scientists for Science
• US Policy for oversight of DURC (pdf)
• US framework for guiding H5N1 transmission expts (pdf)
• Extra oversight for H7N9 experiments (Science)
• TWiV 283: No Reston for the weary
• Is it Ebolavirus or Ebola virus? (virology blog)
• Ebola virus disease update (WHO)
• Ebola virus disease FAQ (WHO)
• Ebola hemorrhagic fever (CDC)
• Ebola virus disease: ecology meets economy (PLoS NTD)
• 2014 Ebola virus outbreak (J Gen Virol)
• 2014 Ebola virus outbreak (MMWR)
• If Ebola virus came to the US (Vox)
• Zaire ebolavirus in West Africa (interview with Tom Solomon)
• Why Ebola patients were brought to US (Wash Post)
• Experimental treatment and vaccines for Ebola (CDC)
• Aerosol transmission of Reston virus (Sci Rep)
• Ebola - A growing threat? (NEJM)
• On the cusp of Ebola vaccine (Know)
• Ebolavirus vaccines and antivirals (virology blog)
• Immune responses to Ebolavirus infection (Exp Rev Clin Imm)
• Antibody therapy for Ebola (Hum Vacc Immunother)
• Plant derived monoclonals protect macaques from Ebolavirus (PNAS)
• Anti-ebolavirus monoclonal cocktail (Sci Trans Med)
• ZMapp info sheet (pdf)
• ZMapp PR (pdf)
• High tech treatment for Ebola (ArsTechnica)
• ZMapp protects macaques (Sci Rep)
• Letters read on TWiV 297

Alan - Historical perspective on Ebola (Tara C Smith)Rich - Tell the negative committee to shut up (Fanuel Muindi)Kathy - Art of Night (Vimeo)Vincent - Is Ebola virus going to kill me? (John Skylar)

Peter - Dr. Michael Saag interview by Dr. Virginia CampbellDavid - PI Predictor (app, article, publication)

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Host: Vincent Racaniello

Guest: Linfa Wang

Vincent visits the Australian Animal Health Laboratory in Geelong, Australia and speaks with Linfa about his work on bats and bat viruses.

• Hendra virus vaccine (Emer Inf Dis)
• Comparison of bat genomes (Science)
• Endogenous retroviruses in bats (Retrovirol)
• The Bat Pack
• Bats in Geelong (YouTube)
• Video of this episode - view at YouTube

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Hosts: Vincent Racaniello, Dickson Despommier, Alan Dove, and Rich Condit

The TWiVome discusses an miRNA based strategy to mitigate risk of gain of function studies, and identification of a second receptor required for Lassa virus entry.

Links for this episode

• miRNA strategy to minimize risk (Nat BioT)
• NIH Office of Science Policy
• NIH recombinant DNA guidelines
• Second receptor for Lassa virus entry (Science)
• Lassa fever (Wikipedia)
• Fever! The discovery of Lassa virus (TWiV 9)
• Letters read on TWiV 294

Alan - Nicky Bay macrophotography (Flickr)Rich - FASEB Third annual BioArt competitionVincent - Up Close podcast (vrr episode)Dickson - Science fun (YouTube)

Mark Martin - Average bacteriophageKonrad - Scholarpedia

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Hosts: Vincent Racaniello, Dickson Despommier, Alan Dove, and Rich Condit

The TWiV team reviews the discovery of old vials of smallpox virus at NIH, anthrax and influenza mishaps at CDC, the baby who was not cured of HIV, Cambridge Working Group, and sacking of NSABB members.

• Newly discovered smallpox (CDC)
• Infectious smallpox in FDA storage (FDA)
• Report on potential anthrax exposure (pdf, CDC)
• CDC Director on unsafe practices (NY Times)
• HIV returns to baby (NY Times)
• Original HIV baby cured article (NEJM)
• Cambridge Working Group
• NSABB members released (ScienceInsider)
• Letters read on TWiV 294

Alan - OptivisorRich - Noller lab ribosome moviesVincent - Creepy dreadful wonderful parasitesDickson - National Center for Science Education

Mark - The Machinery of Life by David GoodsellBasel - iBioEducation

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Host: Vincent Racaniello

Guests: Melissa Churchill, Alex Khromykh, Gilda Tachedjian, and Paul Young

Vincent visits Melbourne, Australia and speaks with Melissa, Alex, Gilda, and Paul about their work on HIV infection of the central nervous system, West Nile virus, microbicides for HIV, and the Koala retrovirus.

• Where does HIV hide? (Curr Op HIV AIDS)
• Subgenomic flavivirus RNA (Viruses)
• Vaginal lactic acid and HIV (J Antimicro Chem)
• Koala retroviruses (Retrovirology)
• Coming soon - Video of this episode at YouTube

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Host: Vincent Racaniello

Guests: Wade Blair, Matt Dickson, Nicole Kallewaard-Lelay, and Ken Miller

Vincent visits Medimmune and speaks with Wade, Matt, Nicole, and Ken about why they work in industry and their daily roles in a biotechnology company.

• Medimmune, LLC
• Medimmune on Twitter
• Medimmune history and products
• Video of this episode - view at YouTube

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