This Week in Virology

Vincent travels to Cornell University to speak with Cedric about his career and his research on mobile genetic elements such as transposons and endogenous viruses and how they have shaped the evolution of nearly all organisms.

Hosts: Vincent Racaniello

Guest: Cedric Feschotte

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• Feschotte laboratory
• Field guide to transposable elements (Ann Rev Genetics)
• Timestamps by Jolene. Thanks!

Intro music is by Ronald Jenkees Send your virology questions and comments to twiv@microbe.tv

In his weekly clinical update Dr. Griffin discusses variant influenza virus infections: recommendations for identification, treatment, and prevention for summer and fall 2022, low levels of monkeypox virus neutralizing antibodies after MVA-BN vaccination in healthy individuals, using the right tools at the right time for SARS-COV-2 infection, onset and window of SARS-COV-2 infectiousness and temporal correlation with symptom onset, transmission of SARS-COV-2: a review of viral, host, and environmental factors, antibody persistence and safety through 6 months after heterologous orally aerosolized Ad5-nCoV in individuals primed with two-dose vaccine, timely administration of tocilizumab improves outcome of hospitalized COVID-19 patients, administration of anti–SARS-COV-2 monoclonal antibodies after US Food and Drug Administration deauthorization, and clinical and genetic risk factors for acute incident venous thromboembolism in ambulatory patients with COVID-19.

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• 2022 recommendations for Influenza infections (CDC)
• Low levels of monkeypox neutralizing antibodies after vaccination (medRxiv)
• Using the right tools during SARS-CoV-2 infection (ESMED)
• Onset and window of SARS-CoV-2 infectiousness with symptom onset (The LANCET)
• Transmission of SARS-COV-2 (ACP Journals)
• PAXLOVID patient eligibility screening checklist (FDA)
• Remdesivir fact sheet for providers (Veklury)
• Bebtelovimab fact sheet for providers (FDA)
• Administration of anti–SARS-COV-2 monoclonal antibodies (JAMA)
• Clinical and genetic risk factors for thromboembolism (JAMA)
• Administration of tocilizumab improves outcomes (PLOS One)
• Antibody persistence and safety through 6 months (medRxiv)
• Improve risk score for thromboembolism (mdCalc)
• Contribute to Floating Doctors fundraiser at PWB
• Dr. Griffin's treatment guide (pdf)
• Letters read on TWiV 934
• Timestamps by Jolene. Thanks!

Intro music is by Ronald Jenkees Send your questions for Dr. Griffin to daniel@microbe.tv

TWiV discusses a new henipavirus from fruit bats in Madagascar, and attenuation of SARS-CoV-2 Omicron disease in mice caused by genome mutations outside of the spike protein coding region.

Hosts: Vincent Racaniello, Dickson Despommier, Kathy Spindler, and Brianne Barker

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• Research assistant position at FDA (pdf)
• Beijerinck virology prize (KNAW)
• Nipah virus vaccine (TWiV 618)
• Novel henipavirus from Madagascar (J Viral)
• Spike-independent Omicron attenuation in mice (Cell Rep)
• Letters read on TWiV 933
• Timestamps by Jolene. Thanks!

Dickson – Small groups: 3. Modern Jazz Quartet. Signature song: Skating in Central Park. Signature album: Django. Brianne – To Prevent a Martian Plague, NASA Needs to Build a Very Special Lab Kathy – Physics Girl – Overnight in the Most Remote Camp on Earth Vincent – Lab leaders wrestle with paucity of postdocs

Gary – Stan Kenton Orchestra Miguel – Microsoft Premonition

Intro music is by Ronald Jenkees Send your virology questions and comments to twiv@microbe.tv

In his weekly clinical update Dr. Griffin discusses vaccine effectiveness against influenza illness in children, clinical manifestations of infection with poliovirus, spike protein-independent attenuation of SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant in laboratory mice, concordance of SARS-CoV-2 results in self-collected nasal swabs vs swabs collected by health care workers in children and adolescents, probable animal-to-human transmission of SARS-CoV-2 causing a pet shop-related outbreak, laboratory-confirmed COVID-19–associated hospitalizations among adults during BA.2 variant, SARS-CoV-2 specific T-cells and antibodies, Nirmatrelvir use and outcomes during the Omicron surge, real-world effectiveness of early Molnupiravir or Nirmatrelvir–ritonavir in hospitalized patients, and distinguishing features of long COVID.

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• Vaccine effectiveness against Influenza illness in children (CID)
• Clinical manifestations of infection with Polio (JAMA)
• Characteristics of deaths among fully vaccinated persons with Coronavirus (CID)
• Spike protein attenuation of Omicron Variant in lab mice (Cell Reports)
• Concordance of SARS-CoV-2 results in nasal swabs self-collected vs healthcare collected (JAMA)
• Probable animal-to-human transmission of Sars-Cov-2 (CID)
• PAXLOVID patient eligibility screening checklist (FDA)
• Remdesivir fact sheet for providers (Veklury)
• Bebtelovimab fact sheet for providers (FDA)
• COVID-19–associated hospitalizations among adults during BA.2 variant (CDC)
• Sars-Cov-2 specific T-cells and antibodies (CID)
• Nirmatrelvir use and outcomes during the Omicron surge (NEJM)
• Effectiveness of early Molnupiravir or Nirmatrelvir–Ritonavir in hospitalized patients (The Lancet)
• Distinguishing features of long COVID (medRxiv)
• Unexplained post-acute infection syndromes (Nature Med)
• Contribute to Floating Doctors fundraiser at PWB
• Dr. Griffin's treatment guide (pdf)
• Letters read on TWiV 932
• Timestamps by Jolene. Thanks!

Intro music is by Ronald Jenkees Send your questions for Dr. Griffin to daniel@microbe.tv

TWiV reviews the genetic characterization of a new strain of type 2 oral polio vaccine and its implications for eradication, and how a polymorphism in humans comprising a single amino acid change in an antibody molecule regulates vaccine elicitation of broadly neutralizing antibodies against influenza virus HA.

Hosts: Vincent Racaniello, Dickson Despommier, Alan Dove, Kathy Spindler, and Brianne Barker

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• Characterization of novel OPV2 from humans (MMWR)
• Engineering nOPV2 (TWiV 756)
• Genome sequence of Rockland County NY OPV2 isolate (Genbank)
• Allelic polymorphism and vaccine induction of influenza virus bnAbs (Immunity)
• Letters read on TWiV 931
• Timestamps by Jolene. Thanks!

Dickson - Small groups: 1. Miles Davis Quintet. Signature album: Kind Of Blue. Signature song: So What. Brianne - World Excel Championships Kathy - Lyre bird background and video Alan – The Kissing Bug, by Daisy Hernandez Vincent -Five top detective fiction writers. #1 Martin Beck by Maj Sjöwall and Per Wahlöö

John – Fevers, Feuds and Diamonds: Ebola and the Ravages of History by Paul Farmer Carol – The Social Dilemma

Intro music is by Ronald Jenkees Send your virology questions and comments to twiv@microbe.tv

In his weekly clinical update Dr. Griffin discusses antibody response against nonpoliovirus enteroviruses, clinical presentation and virological assessment of confirmed human monkeypox virus cases in Spain, object and surface contamination with monkeypox virus, monkeypox virus infection in humans across 16 countries, clinical characteristics of ambulatory and hospitalized patients with monkeypox virus infection, compassionate use of Tecovirimat for the treatment of monkeypox infection, monitoring of Pfizer-BioNTech vaccine among children, Pfizer and BioNTech announce updated vaccine data supporting efficacy in children, direct capture of neutralized RBD enables rapid point-of-care assessment of SARS-CoV-2 neutralizing antibody titer, Pfizer and BioNTech submit application for bivalent vaccine, and Oral Nirmatrelvir and Ritonavir in non-hospitalized vaccinated patients with COVID-19.

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• Antibody response against nonpoliovirus enteroviruses (ASM)
• Clinical presentation of Monkeypox cases in Spain (The Lancet)
• Object and surface contamination with Monkeypox virus infection (CDC)
• Environmental persistence of Monkeypox virus (Emerg Inf Dis)
• Monkeypox virus infection across 16 countries (NEJM)
• Clinical characteristics of hospitalization patients with Monkeypox (CMI)
• Usage of Tecovirimat for treatment of Monkeypox infection (JAMA)
• PAXLOVID patient eligibility screening checklist (FDA)
• Remdesivir fact sheet for providers (Veklury)
• Bebtelovimab fact sheet for providers (FDA)
• Monitoring of Pfizer-BioNTech vaccine among children (CDC)
• Pfizer and BioNTech announce updated vaccine data (Pfizer)
• Capture of RBD enables point of care assessment (Science Direct)
• Pfizer and BioNTech submit application for bivalent vaccine (Pfizer)
• PAXLOVID in non-hospitalized vaccinated patients
• Contribute to Floating Doctors fundraiser at PWB
• Dr. Griffin's treatment guide (pdf)
• Letters read on TWiV 930
• Timestamps by Jolene. Thanks!

Intro music is by Ronald Jenkees Send your questions for Dr. Griffin to daniel@microbe.tv

Andy Slavitt joins TWiV to discuss his book, Preventable and how failures in leadership, politics, and selfishness doomed the U.S. response to SARS-CoV-2.

Hosts: Vincent Racaniello, Dickson Despommier, Kathy Spindler, and Brianne Barker

Guest: Andy Slavitt

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• In the Bubble podcast
• Preventable (Amazon)
• Letters read on TWiV 929
• Timestamps by Jolene. Thanks!

Dickson – Best big band #5: 1. Glenn Miller's Orchestra -1940-1944: Signature song: In The Mood. Signature album: An Album Of Outstanding Arrangements Brianne – Cross-stitched Microbes Kathy – Time trials for bottle emptying Alan – Meow Parlor Vincent – VIRUS x1,000,000 (2022) by Drew Berry wehi.tv

Intro music is by Ronald Jenkees Send your virology questions and comments to twiv@microbe.tv

In his weekly clinical update Dr. Griffin discusses the public health response to a polio case in a unvaccinated NY state resident, human to dog transmission of monkeypox virus, Tecovirimat and the treatment of monkeypox, detection of asymptomatic monkeypox virus infections among male sexual health clinic attendees in Belgium, what to do if you are exposed to SARS-CoV-2 and isolation and precautions for people with COVID-19, risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection in health care workers, effectiveness of HEPA filters at removing infectious SARS-CoV-2 from the air, Pfizer reports additional data on Paxlovid, hospitalization encounters for infection after Paxlovid, a randomized trial of Metformin, Ivermectin, and Fluvoxamine, and readmissions, post-discharge mortality and sustained recovery among patients admitted to hospital with COVID-19.

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• Response to Polio case in an unvaccinated person in New York (CDC)
• Human to dog transmission of Monkeypox virus (The Lancet)
• Tecovirimat for the treatment of Monkeypox (NEJM)
• Detection of asymptomatic Monkeypox among Belgian men (Nature Medicine)
• Exposure to disease and precautions (CDC)
• Risk of infection in healthcare workers (JAMA)
• Effectiveness of HEPA filters (ASM)
• PAXLOVID patient eligibility screening checklist (FDA)
• Remdesivir fact sheet for providers (Veklury)
• Bebtelovimab fact sheet for providers (FDA)
• Pfizer reports additional data on PAXLOVID (Pfizer)
• Hospitalization encounters for infection after PAXLOVID (CDC)
• Trial for Metformin, Ivermectin, and Fluvoxamine (NEJM)
• Readmission, post-discharge mortality, recovery among patients (IDSA)
• Contribute to Floating Doctors fundraiser at PWB
• Dr. Griffin's treatment guide (pdf)
• Letters read on TWiV 928
• Timestamps by Jolene. Thanks!

Intro music is by Ronald Jenkees Send your questions for Dr. Griffin to daniel@microbe.tv

Michael Merchlinsky joins TWiV to discuss the development of two smallpox antiviral drugs and two smallpox vaccines and their uses during the monkeypox outbreak.

Hosts: Vincent Racaniello, Dickson Despommier, Rich Condit, and Kathy Spindler

Guest: Michael Merchlinsky

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• Michael on Anything but academic (TWiM 145)
• Development of Tecoviromat (TPOXX) (Antiviral Res)
• Use of Jynneos vaccine (MMWR)
• Limitations of Tecoviromat (NEJM)
• Poliovirus in NYC wastewater (NY Times)
• Letters read on TWiV 927
• Timestamps by Jolene. Thanks!

Dickson – Duke Ellington and his Orchestra. Signature song: Take The A Train; Signature album: Black, Brown, And Beige and Herding Cats: Harlem 1958 Kathy – How the US Postal Service reads terrible handwriting Rich – JWST/chorizo gag Vincent – Bat Conservation Trust

Bill – The End of Manual Transmission J – How the Krebs cycle powers life and death – with Nick Lane

Intro music is by Ronald Jenkees Send your virology questions and comments to twiv@microbe.tv

In his weekly clinical update Dr. Griffin discusses guidance for prevention and treatment of monkeypox, post-infectious symptoms among children and adolescents, profiling post-infectious syndromes of different variants, comparison of vaccine Ankara vs intradermal routes of administration, infection in vaccinated individuals treated with or without PAXLOVID, duration of symptoms with positive rapid antigen after infection, epidemiologic characteristics of monkeypox, and sequelae of post-acute infection.

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• Guidance for prevention & treatment of Monkeypox (CDC)
• Post-infection symptoms among children and adolescents (CDC)
• Profiling post-infection syndromes in different variants (medRxiv)
• Comparison of vaccinia Ankara (MVA) vs intradermal routes of administration (NIH)
• PAXLOVID patient eligibility screening checklist (FDA)
• Remdesivir fact sheet for providers (Veklury)
• Bebtelovimab fact sheet for providers (FDA)
• Infection in vaccinated individuals treated with or without PAXLOVID (medRxiv)
• Duration of symptoms with positive rapid antigen after infection (J Virological Methods)
• Epidemiologic characteristics of Monkeypox (CDC)
• Sequelae of post-acute infection (ScienceDirect)
• Contribute to Floating Doctors fundraiser at PWB
• Dr. Griffin's treatment guide (pdf)
• Letters read on TWiV 926
• Timestamps by Jolene. Thanks!

Intro music is by Ronald Jenkees Send your questions for Dr. Griffin to daniel@microbe.tv

TWiV discusses monkeypox virus, poliovirus in NY, Marburg virus in Ghana, ancient herpes simplex virus type 1 genomes, and immunogenicity of different combinations of SARS-CoV-2 vaccines.

Hosts: Vincent Racaniello, Alan Dove, Rich Condit, Kathy Spindler, and Brianne Barker

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• How monkeypox virus spreads (CDC)
• Vaccination against monkeypox virus (CDC)
• Monkeypox case trends (CDC)
• Polio in New York State (NY Dept of Health)
• Poliovirus in NY wastewater (NBC New York)
• Marburg disease in Ghana (WHO)
• Ancient herpesvirus genomes (Sci Adv)
• Combinations of SARS-CoV-2 vaccines (Cell Rep Medicine)
• Timestamps by Jolene. Thanks!

Brianne – Everyone Loses on Jeopardy Eventually Kathy – Climate spiral followed by Carl Sagan Rich – Most Popular Desktop Browsers 1993 – 2022 Alan – I Am Promise Vincent – Polio in New York

Intro music is by Ronald Jenkees Send your virology questions and comments to twiv@microbe.tv

In his weekly clinical update Dr. Griffin discusses Tecovirimat for treatment of monkeypox, the safety and acceptance of vaccination after multisystem inflammatory syndrome, variants in solid organ transplant recipients, masks for prevention of respiratory virus infections, pre-exposure prophylaxis with Evusheld, the association between Evusheld administration and infection, if repeat administration of casirivimab and imdevimab is well-tolerated, viral and symptom rebound in untreated infection, extended Remdesivir infusion for persistent infection, Baricitinib in patients admitted with infection, and cognitive impairment 13 months after hospitalization.

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• Armchair Expert with Malcolm Gladwell
• Tecovirimat for treatment of monkeypox (OFID)
• Safety and acceptance of vaccination after MIS (JPID)
• Is variant less virulent in solid organ transplant recipients (Transplant Infectious Disease)
• Masks for prevention of respiratory virus infections (Annals of Internal Medicine)
• Pre-exposure prophylaxis with Evusheld (CMI)
• Association between Evusheld administration and infection (CID)
• Repeat administration of casirivimab and imdevimab well-tolerated (ISID)
• PAXLOVID patient eligibility screening checklist (FDA)
• Remdesivir fact sheet for providers (Veklury)
• Bebtelovimab fact sheet for providers (FDA)
• Viral and symptom rebound in untreated infection (medRxiv)
• Extended Remdesivir infusion for persistent infection (OFID)
• Baricitinib in patients admitted with infection (The Lancet)
• Cognitive Impairment 13 months after hospitalization (OFID)
• Contribute to Floating Doctors fundraiser at PWB
• Dr. Griffin's treatment guide (pdf)
• Letters read on TWiV 924
• Timestamps by Jolene. Thanks!

Intro music is by Ronald Jenkees Send your questions for Dr. Griffin to daniel@microbe.tv

From The Third International Symposium on Infectious Diseases of Bats in Ft. Collins, Colorado, TWiV speaks with Vincent Munster and Raina Plowright about their careers and their research on bats, bat viruses, bat ecology and spillover events.

Hosts: Vincent Racaniello and Brianne Barker

Guests: Vincent Munster and Raina Plowright

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• Novel Hendra virus variant in Australia (Emerg Inf Dis)
• Nipah virus detection after spillover events (Emerg Inf Dis)
• Want to prevent pandemics? Stop spillovers (Nature)
• Ecological countermeasures to prevent zoonoses (Restor Ecol)
• Land-use induced spillovers (Lancet Planet Health)
• Timestamps by Jolene. Thanks!

Intro music is by Ronald Jenkees Send your virology questions and comments to twiv@microbe.tv

In his weekly clinical update Dr. Griffin discusses monkeypox infection in humans across 16 countries, pregnancy outcomes after SARS-CoV-2 infection by trimester, vaccination intent and belief, antiviral drug treatment for non-severe disease, the association of smoking with infected hospitalized patients, the association of Paxlovid on negative conversion rates among high-risk patients with COVID-19, safety and efficacy of Molnupiravir, usage of enoxaparin for primary thromboprophylaxis, statin and aspirin as therapy in infected patients, post-COVID-19 conditions among children 90 days after SARS-CoV-2 Infection, and symptoms and risk factors for long COVID in non-hospitalized adults.

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• Monkeypox infection in humans (NEJM)
• Pregnancy outcomes after infection (PLOS ONE)
• Vaccination intent and belief (Emerging Infectious Diseases)
• Antiviral drug treatment for non-severe disease (CMAJ)
• Smoking association with infected hospitalized patients (PLOS ONE)
• Impact of Paxlovid on negative conversion rates (CID)
• PAXLOVID patient eligibility screening checklist (FDA)
• Remdesivir fact sheet for providers (Veklury)
• Bebtelovimab fact sheet for providers (FDA)
• Safety and efficacy of Molnupiravir (Journal of Medical Virology)
• Enoxaparin for primary thromboprophylaxis (OVID)
• Statin and aspirin as therapy in infected patients (BMC)
• Post-infection conditions among children (JAMA)
• Symptoms and risk factors for long-term effects (Nature Medicine)
• Contribute to FIMRC fundraiser at PWB
• Dr. Griffin's treatment guide (pdf)
• Letters read on TWiV 922
• Timestamps by Jolene. Thanks!

Intro music is by Ronald Jenkees Send your questions for Dr. Griffin to daniel@microbe.tv

From ASV 2022 in Madison, Wisconsin, TWiV speaks with Pamela Bjorkman and Andy Mehle about their careers and their research on influenza virus, HIV-1, SARS-CoV-2, and influenza virus.

Hosts: Vincent Racaniello, Rich Condit, Kathy Spindler, and Brianne Barker

Guests: Pamela Bjorkman and Andy Mehle

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• Bjorkman laboratory
• Mehle laboratory
• Finding the groove (Nat Immunol)
• Structure of HLA-A2 (Nat Immunol)
• Mosaic RBD nanoparticles (Science)
• Influenza virus PB2 627 (J Virol)
• ANP32B or not to be (eLife)
• Influenza virus compartmentalization (Nat Commun)
• Timestamps by Jolene. Thanks!

Intro music is by Ronald Jenkees Send your virology questions and comments to twiv@microbe.tv

In COVID-19 clinical update #124, Dr. Griffin discusses the results of a variant vaccine booster trial, the neutralization of variant sub-lineages by Novavax, the CDC's recommendation of Novavax's COVID-19 vaccine in adults, Paxlovid in patients who are immunocompromised and hospitalized, and inhaled fluticasone for outpatient treatment.

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• Variant vaccine boosters trial (medRxiv)
• Novavax triggers neutralization of variant sub-lineages (bioRxiv)
• CDC recommends Novavax (CDC)
• Paxlovid in patients who are immunocompromised and hospitalized (The Lancet)
• Inhaled Fluticasone for outpatient treatment (medRxiv)
• PAXLOVID patient eligibility screening checklist (FDA)
• Remdesivir fact sheet for providers (Veklury)
• Bebtelovimab fact sheet for providers (FDA)
• Contribute to FIMRC fundraiser at PWB
• Dr. Griffin's treatment guide (pdf)
• Letters read on TWiV 921
• Timestamps by Jolene. Thanks!

Intro music is by Ronald Jenkees Send your questions for Dr. Griffin to daniel@microbe.tv

TWiV reviews the FDA decision to update COVID-19 vaccine boosters in the fall, the meaning of fatigue with respect to long COVID, and a skin volatile induced by flavivirus reproduction that attracts mosquitoes to the infected host.

Hosts: Vincent Racaniello, Rich Condit, Kathy Spindler, and Brianne Barker

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• COVID-19 vaccine booster composition (FDA)
• Settling in for the long haul (Crooked Timber)
• Flavivirus-induced skin volatile attracts mosquitoes (Cell)
• Letters read on TWiV 919
• Timestamps by Jolene. Thanks!

Brianne – Redactle Kathy – Kirigami paper replacing plastic bubble wrap Rich – First Images from the James Webb Space Telescope (Gravitational lens; Einstein ring) Vincent – Spotted lanternfly

Ann – NASA Engineer Who Made the James Webb Space Telescope Work Sonrisa – Aloft – the pleasures and risks of flying

Intro music is by Ronald Jenkees Send your virology questions and comments to twiv@microbe.tv

In COVID-19 clinical update #123, Dr. Griffin discusses rapid diagnostic testing in response to the monkeypox outbreak, leading causes of death in the US during the COVID-19 pandemic, antibody evasion by subvariants, broadly-neutralizing antibodies against emerging variants, factors associated with severe outcomes among hospitalized immunocompromised adults, measurement of the burden of hospitalizations during the pandemic, parental vaccine hesitancy in diverse communities, evaluating saliva sampling to improve access to diagnosis in low-resource settings, oral sabizabulin for high-risk hospitalized adults, lower-risk of multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children, and neurovascular injury with complement activation and inflammation during infection.

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• Monkeypox outbreak rapid testing response (CDC)
• Leading causes of death during pandemic (JAMA)
• FDA recommends vaccine update (FDA)
• Antibody evasion by subvariants (Nature)
• Broadly-Neutralizing antibodies against variants (Frontiers in Immunology)
• Severe outcomes factors in immunocompromised adults (CDC)
• Measurement of the burden of hospitalizations (OFID)
• Vaccine hesitancy among parents (Academic Pediatrics)
• PAXLOVID patient eligibility screening checklist (FDA)
• Remdesivir fact sheet for providers (Veklury)
• Bebtelovimab fact sheet for providers (FDA)
• Saliva evaluation to improve diagnostics (ASTMH)
• Oral Sabizabulin for high-risk adults (NEJM)
• Lower risk of MIS-C in children (CID)
• Neurovascular injury during infection (Brain)
• Paul Offit on TWiV 917
• Contribute to FIMRC fundraiser at PWB
• Dr. Griffin's treatment guide (pdf)
• Letters read on TWiV 918
• Timestamps by Jolene. Thanks!

Intro music is by Ronald Jenkees Send your questions for Dr. Griffin to daniel@microbe.tv

Paul Offit returns to TWiV to discuss why, during the recent FDA advisory committee meeting, he voted against releasing revised COVID-19 vaccines containing an Omicron component, and the reasons why children must be vaccinated against the disease.

Hosts: Vincent Racaniello, Dickson Despommier, Rich Condit, and Kathy Spindler

Guest: Paul Offit

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• 28 June 2022 VRBPAC meeting materials (FDA)
• Don't rush to change COVID vaccines (STAT)
• Monkeypox situation report #1 (WHO)
• Letters read on TWiV 917
• Timestamps by Jolene. Thanks!

Dickson – Woody Herman and his orchestra. 1955-1965. Signature song: The Preacher. Signature album: Woody Herman and His Orchestra (1956) Kathy – Solargraphic analemmas Rich – Windy (desktop; app) Vincent – Why monkeypox is mostly hitting men who have sex with men

Mark – Hand Wash Dance – NHK WORLD-JAPAN

Intro music is by Ronald Jenkees Send your virology questions and comments to twiv@microbe.tv

In COVID-19 clinical update #122, Dr. Griffin discusses vaccine availability and coverage among children, post-infection health impairments in children and adolescents, infection detection using salvia and nasopharyngeal samples, effectiveness of vaccines during delta dominance, durability of vaccine against severe outcomes, concern in the postvaccination era, infection rebound after Paxlovid & Molnupiravir, lack of improvement after adding ivermectin to standard care, duration of shedding of virus, how thromboprophylaxis reduces thromboembolism but increases major bleeding, multi-lineage neural and myelin dysregulation caused by infection, and the association between vaccination and post-acute infection.

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• The next epidemic may be here (STAT)
• Vaccine availability and coverage among children (CDC)
• Post-infection health impairments in children & adolescents (Pediatrics)
• Infection detection using saliva & nasopharyngeal samples (Journal of Medical Virology)
• Effectiveness of vaccines during Delta dominance (The Lancet)
• Durability of vaccine against severe outcomes (The Lancet)
• Don't rush to change COVID vaccines (STAT)
• Concern in the postvaccination era (Immunity, Inflammation and Disease)
• Infection rebound after Paxlovid & Molnupiravir (medRxiv)
• No improvement after Ivermectin usage (ACP)
• Duration of shedding of virus (New England Journal of Medicine)
• Infectious viral load vaccinated vs unvaccinated (Nat Med)
• Thromboprophylaxis reduces thromboembolism (NIH)
• Multi-lineage neural cell and myelin dysregulation caused by infection (Cell)
• Association between vaccination and post-acute infection (JAMA)
• Contribute to FIMRC fundraiser at PWB
• Dr. Griffin's treatment guide (pdf)
• Letters read on TWiV 916
• Timestamps by Jolene. Thanks!

Intro music is by Ronald Jenkees Send your questions for Dr. Griffin to daniel@microbe.tv

TWiV discusses the recent decision by an FDA advisory committee to update COVID vaccines for the fall, the monkeypox virus outbreak, and the finding that enteric viruses infect the salivary glands and are transmitted through saliva.

Hosts: Vincent Racaniello, Dickson Despommier, Rich Condit, Kathy Spindler, and Brianne Barker.

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• Postdoctoral position in the Kielian Laboratory (pdf)
• COVID vaccine update for fall (WaPo)
• Don't rush to change COVID vaccines (STAT)
• Materials from 28 June FDA advisory meeting (FDA)
• Monkeypox cases US and Global (CDC)
• Enteric viruses transmit via saliva (Nature)
• Letters read on TWiV 915
• Timestamps by Jolene. Thanks!

Dickson – Jazz big bands #2: Maynard Ferguson: Signature song: Theme From Rocky: Signature album: Color Him Wild Brianne – Origami antibody and virus Kathy – Turbines resistant to high winds Rich – Obi-Wan Kenobi (TV Series) Vincent – The next epidemic may be here. The US isn't ready for it.

David: DALL E 2 Douglas – Jazz Online

Intro music is by Ronald Jenkees Send your virology questions and comments to twiv@microbe.tv

In COVID-19 clinical update #121, Dr. Griffin discusses age as a risk factor for severe disease, updated vaccine boosters for the fall, pediatric infection and antibody seroprevalence in Arkansas over the first year of the COVID-19 pandemic, all-cause maternal mortality in the United States before and during the pandemic, and the effect of 2-week interruption in methotrexate treatment and how it impacts vaccine immunity.

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• Age as a risk factor for severe disease (NY Times)
• Omicron boosters for the fall (NPR)
• Pediatric infection and antibody seroprevalence in Arkansas (PIDS)
• All-cause US maternal mortality during pandemic (JAMA)
• Effect of 2-week interruption in methotrexate treatment (The Lancet)
• PAXLOVID patient eligibility screening checklist (FDA)
• Remdesivir fact sheet for providers (Veklury)
• Bebtelovimab fact sheet for providers (FDA)
• PAXLOVID drug interaction checker (IDSA)
• Contribute to FIMRC fundraiser at PWB 35:42
• Dr. Griffin's treatment guide (pdf)
• Letters read on TWiV 914
• Timestamps by Jolene. Thanks!

Intro music is by Ronald Jenkees Send your questions for Dr. Griffin to daniel@microbe.tv

TWiV explains the meaning of vaccine-derived poliovirus found in London sewage, risk of long COVID after infections with Delta or Omicron variants of SARS-CoV-2, and enhancers of innate immune signaling as broad-spectrum antivirals.

Hosts: Vincent Racaniello, Dickson Despommier, Alan Dove, Rich Condit, and Kathy Spindler.

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• Poliovirus in UK sewage (ProMedMail and Science)
• Poliovirus eradication effort (Science)
• Long COVID after Delta and Omicron (Lancet)
• How common is long COVID? (Nature)
• Immune enhancers as antivirals (Cell Chem Biol)
• Letters read on TWiV 913
• Timestamps by Jolene. Thanks!

Dickson – Count Basie: April in Paris Kathy – Bird aerodynamics & inertia: lay article, video, Nature Rich – NASA Gateway (Thanks Ellis) Alan – Polio Eradication in Nigeria Vincent – The Tyranny of Merit by Michael J. Sandel

Intro music is by Ronald Jenkees Send your virology questions and comments to twiv@microbe.tv

In COVID-19 clinical update #120, Dr. Griffin discusses outcomes of SARS-CoV-2 reinfection, CDC recommendation for vaccines in young children, neurodevelopment outcomes in infants of mothers testing positive for COVID during pregnancy, efficacy of monoclonal antibodies and antivirals in hamsters, rebound phenomenon after PAXLOVID in high-risk persons, hospitalization for infection after PAXLOVID treatment, and risk of long COVID with different variants.

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• Reinfection outcomes (Research Square)
• CDC recommends vaccine for young children (CDC)
• Neurodevelopment outcomes in infants post-infection (JAMA)
• Efficacy of monoclonal antibodies/antivirals in hamsters (Nature)
• PAXLOVID patient eligibility screening checklist (FDA)
• Remdesivir fact sheet for providers (Veklury)
• Bebtelovimab fact sheet for providers (FDA)
• PAXLOVID drug interaction checker
• Rebound phenomenon after PAXLOVID in high-risk persons (IDSA)
• Hospitalization for infection after PAXLOVID treatment (CDC)
• Risk of post acute infection with different variants (the Lancet)
• Contribute to FIMRC fundraiser at PWB
• Dr. Griffin's treatment guide (pdf)
• Letters read on TWiV 912
• Timestamps by Jolene. Thanks!

Intro music is by Ronald Jenkees Send your questions for Dr. Griffin to daniel@microbe.tv

TWiV provides an update on hepatitis of unknown etiology in children, an experimental nanoparticle vaccine for Epstein-Barr virus, and minimal impact of bamlanivimab therapy on antiviral antibodies induced by vaccination.

Hosts: Vincent Racaniello, Rich Condit, Kathy Spindler, and Brianne Barker

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• Hepatitis of unknown etiology (MMWR)
• Clinical recognition of monkeypox (CDC)
• Epstein-Barr virus nanoparticle vaccine (Cell Rep Med)
• Minimal impact of mAb therapy on COVID vaccine induced antibodies (Sci Trans Med)
• Letters read on TWiV 911
• Timestamps by Jolene. Thanks!

Brianne – A Frog So Small, It Could Not Frog Kathy – A Grand Night In: The Story of Aardman Rich – Archive Vincent – Bandwagoning by Heran Darwin

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In COVID-19 clinical update #119, Dr. Griffin reviews tixagevimab for infection prevention, ivermectin for outpatient infection treatment, symptom rebound after PAXLOVID treatment, bamlanivimab minimally impacting immune response to vaccination, in-hospital mortality among infection patients, residual viral antigen in patients following infection, usage of Casirvimab/Imdevimab and Remdesivir in infected patients with depleted B-cells, and rheumatic symptoms following infection.

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• Tixagevimab-Cilgavimab for infection prevention (NEJM)
• Ivermectin for outpatient infection treatment (medRxiv)
• Symptom rebound after PAXLOVID treatment (IDSA)
• Bamlanivimab minimally impacts immune response to vaccination (Sci Transl Med)
• In-hospital morality among infected patients (IDSA)
• Casirvimab/Imdevimab & Remdesivir for infected B-cell depleted patients (IDSA)
• PAXLOVID patient eligibility screening checklist (FDA)
• Remdesivir fact sheet for providers (Veklury)
• Bebtelovimab fact sheet for providers (FDA)
• Residual viral antigen in patients post infection (IDSA)
• Rheumatic symptoms following infection (IDSA)
• Contribute to FIMRC fundraiser at PWB
• Dr. Griffin's treatment guide (pdf)
• Letters read on TWiV 910
• Timestamps by Jolene. Thanks!

Intro music is by Ronald Jenkees Send your questions for Dr. Griffin to daniel@microbe.tv

From ASM Microbe 2022 in Washington DC, Vincent and Michael speak with science artists Michele Banks and Jane Hartman about their work and their inspiration.

Hosts: Vincent Racaniello and Michael Schmidt

Guests: Michele Banks and Jane Hartman

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• Trilobite Glassworks (Jane Hartman)
• Artologica (Michele Banks)
• Science art with Michele Banks (TWiV 352)
• Timestamps by Jolene. Thanks!

Intro music is by Ronald Jenkees Send your virology questions and comments to twiv@microbe.tv

TWiV discusses the situation with monkeypox, risk factors for SARS-CoV-2 infections of cats and dogs, and a lineage-tracing mouse model for studying papillomavirus infections.

Hosts: Vincent Racaniello, Rich Condit, and Brianne Barker

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• Monkeypox update (CDC)
• SARS-CoV-2 infection of cats and dogs (Emerg Inf Dis)
• Mouse papillomavirus identification (Vet Patrol)
• Mouse model for papillomavirus infection (eLife)
• Vincent interviews Harald zur Hausen (virology blog)
• Letters read on TWiV 907
• Timestamps by Jolene. Thanks!

Brianne – Microbes Rule! at Liberty Science Center Rich – Artemis I update: Mission diagram, mission in photos, launch dates Vincent – Eco-sustainable 3D printed house – Tecla

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In COVID-19 clinical update #118, Dr. Griffin discusses management of hair loss after infection, FDA announcements on vaccine schedule and recommendations, Moderna announcement on bivalent booster candidate, association between vaccination and infection during pregnancy, population-level implications of Israel's booster campaign, PAXLOVID outcomes during recent infection surge, efficacy and safety of Tixagevimab-cilgavimab, diagnostic accuracy of infection by canines, efficacy of colchicine in hospitalized patients, and factors associated with hospital readmission.

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• Management of hair loss after infection (NIH)
• FDA announces vaccine schedule meeting (FDA)
• FDA advisory committee recommends NOVAVAX vaccine (Novavax)
• Moderna announces bivalent booster candidate (Moderna)
• Association of vaccination and infection during pregnancy (JAMA)
• Implications of Israeli booster campaign (Science Translational Medicine)
• PAXLOVID patient eligibility screening checklist (FDA)
• Remdesivir fact sheet for providers (Veklury)
• Bebtelovimab fact sheet for providers (FDA)
• PAXLOVID outcomes during infection surge (Research Square)
• Efficacy and safety of Tixagevimab–cilgavimab (The Lancet)
• Diagnostic accuracy of infection by canines (PLOS ONE)
• Efficacy of colchicine in hospitalized patients (Nature)
• Factors associated with readmission (IDSA)
• Contribute to FIMRC fundraiser at PWB
• Dr. Griffin's treatment guide (pdf)
• Letters read on TWiV 908
• Timestamps by Jolene. Thanks!

Intro music is by Ronald Jenkees Send your questions for Dr. Griffin to daniel@microbe.tv

TWiV reviews human monkeypox infections, evidence for human Mimivrus infections, and incidence of long COVID in post-vaccine SARS-CoV-2 infections.

Hosts: Vincent Racaniello, Dickson Despommier, Rich Condit, and Brianne Barker

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• Monkeypox update (ProMedMail)
• Multi-country monkeypox outbreak (WHO)
• Monkeypox new global threat (Science)
• Monkeypox outbreak 9 US states (MMWR)
• Mimivirus in human respiratory samples (Sci Rep)
• Long COVID after post-vaccination infection (Nat Med)
• Letters read on TWiV 906
• Timestamps by Jolene. Thanks!

Dickson – Lake Mead water level very low Brianne – Transplantation of a 3D printed ear made out of human cells Rich – nderstanding Vaccine Safety and the Roles of the FDA and the CDC and The Facts About Vaccine Safety Vincent – My new favorite backpack

Greg – Against the Rules

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In COVID-19 clinical update #117, Dr. Griffin discusses duration of virus shedding, association between pre-exposure to steroids and infection outcome, post-infection subtypes, rehabilitation for post-acute infection, Tixagevimab/Cilgavimab for infection prevention, antibody prophylaxis and vaccination in kidney transplant recipients, remdesivir and bebtelovimab fact sheets for providers, the updated guidelines on treatment with Famotidine, Paxlovid rebound symptom characterizations, antigen test positivity duration, viral dynamics of variants and isolation, association of inflammation in CS fluid, and transmission dynamics in Ghana.

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• Duration of virus shedding (NIH)
• Association between pre-exposure to steroids and infection outcome (CMI)
• Post-infection subtypes (medRxiv)
• Rehabilitation for post-acute infection syndrome (MDPI)
• Tixagevimab/Cilgavimab for infection prevention (medRxiv)
• Antibody prophylaxis & vaccination in kidney transplant recipients (Kidney International)
• Guideline on treatment with Famotidine (IDSA)
• Remdesivir fact sheet for providers (Veklury)
• Bebtelovimab fact sheet for providers (FDA)
• PAXLOVID rebound symptom characterization (medRxiv)
• Antigen test positivity duration (medRxiv)
• Viral dynamics of variants and isolation (NIH)
• Association of inflammation in CS fluid (JAMA)
• Transmission dynamics in Ghana (ASTMH)
• Contribute to FIMRC fundraiser at PWB
• Dr. Griffin's treatment guide (pdf)
• Letters read on TWiV 905
• Timestamps by Jolene. Thanks!

Intro music is by Ronald Jenkees Send your questions for Dr. Griffin to daniel@microbe.tv

Vincent travels to Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory to speak with David Baltimore, John Coffin, and Harold Varmus about the discovery in 1970 of retroviral reverse transcriptase and its impact on life sciences research.

Hosts: Vincent Racaniello

Guests: David Baltimore, John Coffin, and Harold Varmus

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• Fifty Years of Reverse Transcriptase (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory)
• 50th Anniversary of RT discovery (Mol Biol Cell)
• RT in virions of Rous sarcoma virus – Temin (Nature)
• RNA-dependent DNA polymerase in tumor virus particles – Baltimore (Nature)

Intro music is by Ronald Jenkees Send your virology questions and comments to twiv@microbe.tv

In COVID-19 clinical update #115, Dr. Griffin discusses croup association with infection surge, rhinovirus co-circulation in children, shedding following vaccination, high vaccine efficacy in children 6 mo-5 yr, vaccine protection for hospitalized patients, convalescent plasma as post-exposure prophylaxis, real-world effectiveness of PAXLOVID, effectiveness of PAXLOVID in reducing hospitalization, infection rebound after PAXLOVID, relapse of symptomatic infection after PAXLOVID, remdesivir and bebtelovimab fact sheets for providers, guidelines on usage of anticoagulation drugs, long covid symptoms after vaccination, excess mortality in MA, infection sequelae and immunity, and post infection conditions among adults.

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• Croup association with infection surge (PIDS)
• Rhinovirus co-circulation in children (Science Direct)
• Infection shedding following vaccination (MedRxiV)
• High vaccine efficacy in children 6 months to 5 years (Pfizer)
• Protection of vaccine against hospitalized patients (IDSA)
• Convalescent plasma as post-exposure prophylaxis (IDSA)
• Real-world effectiveness of PAXLOVID in Hong-Kong (MedRxiV)
• Effectiveness of PAXLOVID in reducing hospitalization (The Lancet)
• Infection rebound after PAXLOVID (CDC)
• Relapse of symptomatic infection after PAXLOVID (Research Square)
• Remdesivir fact sheet for providers (Veklury)
• Bebtelovimab fact sheet for providers (FDA)
• Guidelines on usage of anticoagulation drugs (ASH)
• Long covid symptoms after vaccination (BMJ)
• Excess morality in Massachusetts (JAMA)
• Infection sequelae and immunity (Annals of Internal Medicine)
• Post infection conditions among adults (CDC)
• Contribute to FIMRC fundraiser at PWB
• Dr. Griffin's treatment guide (pdf)
• Letters read on TWiV 903
• Timestamps by Jolene. Thanks!

Intro music is by Ronald Jenkees Send your questions for Dr. Griffin to daniel@microbe.tv

In this special episode, Dr. Griffin answers questions about the recent cases of monkeypox including their origin, clinical presentation, diagnosis, treatment, and overall risk.

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• Monkeypox multi-country outbreak risk assessment (pdf, ECDC)
• Monkeypox update (ProMedMail)
• Monkeypox virus genome sequences (Nextstrain)

Intro music is by Ronald Jenkees Send your questions for Dr. Griffin to daniel@microbe.tv

TWiV reviews recent cases of monkeypox, presence of SARS-CoV-2 RNA but not infectious virus in feces, and the association of autoantibodies to interferons with severe COVID-19.

Hosts: Vincent Racaniello, Dickson Despommier, Rich Condit, Kathy Spindler, and Brianne Barker

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• Monkeypox in MA (ProMed Mail)
• Possible monkeypox in NYC (NY Times)
• Occupational monkeypox, Wisconsin (Emerg Inf Dis)
• SARS-CoV-2 in feces (Nature)
• IFN autoantibodies and severe COVID-19 (PNAS)
• Letters read on TWiV 902
• Timestamps by Jolene. Thanks!

Dickson – How to grow food on the moon Brianne – APod May 16: Milky Way over French Alp Hoodoos Kathy – Covid Nationwide data visualization Rich – NIH All of Us Research Program Vincent – Physicians Spreading Misinformation on Social Media — Do Right and Wrong Answers Still Exist in Medicine?

Lisa – E.H. Danner Museum of Telephony

Intro music is by Ronald Jenkees Send your virology questions and comments to twiv@microbe.tv

In COVID-19 clinical update #115, Dr. Griffin reviews cross-variant immunity without vaccination, EUA for boosters in 5-11 year olds, B.1.1.529 attack rate, scent dogs, Omicron and pets, Paxlovid, Veklury, Fluvoxamine, antigen positivity after isolation, inflammasome activation and severe disease, and GI persistence and fecal shedding.

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• Limited cross-variant immunity without vaccination (Nature)
• EUA for boosters in 5-11 year olds (FDA)
• Stages of COVID-19 (AIDS Rev)
• B.1.1.529 attack rate in Australia (JID)
• Scent dogs (BMJ)
• Does Omicron affect pets? (CVMBS News)
• Paxlovid eligibility checklist (FDA)
• Supratherapeutic tacrolimus with nirmatrelvir/ritonavir (Op For Inf Dis)
• Is longer Paxlovid needed? (Reuters)
• How about Veklury? (Gilead)
• Fluvoxamine declined (FDA)
• Antigen positivity after isolation (MMWR)
• Inflammasome activation drives COVID-19 pathology (TWiV 900, Nature)
• PASC and viral antigen persistence in gut (Gastroenterol)
• GI symptoms and fecal shedding (Med)
• Contribute to ASTMH fundraiser at PW
• Dr. Griffin's treatment guide (pdf)
• Letters read on TWiV 901
• Timestamps by Jolene. Thanks!

Intro music is by Ronald Jenkees Send your questions for Dr. Griffin to daniel@microbe.tv

TWiV celebrates 900 episodes, Vincent gives the Richard R. Ernst lecture, and we discuss why inflammasome activation in infected macrophages drives severe COVID-19.

Hosts: Vincent Racaniello, Alan Dove, Rich Condit, Kathy Spindler, and Brianne Barker

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• Richard R. Ernst Lecture
• Infected macrophages drives severe COVID-19 (Nature)
• Timestamps by Jolene. Thanks!

Brianne – The Milky Way's Black Hole Comes to Light Kathy – River dolphins playing with anaconda Rich – Smallpox vaccination techniques; from knives and forks to needles and pins Alan – Vacuum Tubes: a Modern Aladdin's Lamp Vincent – Books by Pamela Jane

Intro music is by Ronald Jenkees Send your virology questions and comments to twiv@microbe.tv

In COVID-19 clinical update #114, Dr. Griffin discusses early treatment with ivermectin, procalcitonin not a reliable biomarker, vaccine in 6-11 year olds, FDA limits use of Janssen vaccine, does site of vaccine booster matter, sniffer dogs, monoclonals for hospitalized patients, risk assessment for public events, Paxlovid eligibility, and persistence of pediatric anosmia.

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• Effects of early treatment with Ivermectin (NEJM)
• Procalcitonin not a reliable biomarker (IDSA)
• Evaluation of vaccine in children 6 to 11 years (NEJM))
• FDA limits use of Janssen vaccine (FDA)
• Recall of b cell memory on vaccination location (Science Immunology)
• Persistence screening using sniffer dogs (Journal of Clinical Trials)
• Tixagevimab/Cilgavimab for treatment of hospitalized patients (Lancet)
• Infection detection by canine olfaction (OFID)
• Diagnostic utility to differentiate patients (IDSA)
• Prevalence of anosmia in pediatric cases (Pediatric Infectious Disease Journal)
• Risk assessment for public events (University of Texas COVID-19 Modeling Consortium)
• PAXLOVID patient eligibility screening checklist (FDA)
• PAXLOVID drug interactions (IDSA)
• Contribute to ASTMH fundraiser at PWB
• Dr. Griffin's treatment guide (pdf)
• Letters read on TWiV 899
• Timestamps by Jolene. Thanks!

Intro music is by Ronald Jenkees Send your questions for Dr. Griffin to daniel@microbe.tv

TWiV explains why the concept of herd immunity might not apply to COVID-19, and the observation that smallpox vaccination causes an increase in skin bacteria that promote pathology and influence the immune response.

Hosts: Vincent Racaniello, Rich Condit, Kathy Spindler, and Brianne Barker

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• Herd immunity may not apply to COVID-19 (J Inf Dis)
• Smallpox vaccination increases skin bacteria (PLoS Path)
• The invinceable TWiV (TWiV 145)
• By the pricking of my thumbs… (TWiV 284)
• Letters read on TWiV 898
• Timestamps by Jolene. Thanks!

Brianne – Bacteria and Me Coloring Book Kathy – Smarter 3D printing Rich – Big Ben Restoring the Worlds Most Famous Clock 2021 Vincent – Scientific review articles as antivaccine disinformation

Suellen – Your Fantastic Mind Season 3 Ep 2: Long COVID and Making of a Brain Surgeon (Full Episode)

Intro music is by Ronald Jenkees Send your virology questions and comments to twiv@microbe.tv

In COVID-19 clinical update #113, Dr. Griffin discusses tocilizumab use in hospitalized Patients, IL-6 inhibitors and mortality, Baricitinib in hospitalized patients, post-infection neurological sequelae, comparative effectiveness of Pfizer and Moderna vaccines, phase 2/3 study of Paxlovid, infection relapse following Paxlovid, pre-hospital administration of Remdesivir, and hospitalization with different variants.

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• Timing of Tocilizumab Use in Hospitalized Patients (NIH)
• Interleukin-6 inhibitors reduce mortality (European Journal of Internal Medicine)
• Treatment Effect of Baricitinib on Hospitalized Patients (IDSA)
• Post Infection Neurological Sequelae (Res Square)
• Comparative Effectiveness of Pfizer and Moderna Vaccines (Nature Commun)
• Results from Phase 2/3 Study of Paxlovid (Pfizer)
• Infection Relapse Following Suppression by Paxlovid (Res Square)
• Update on Paxlovid Usage (FDA)
• Availability and Use of Treatments in Outpatients (CDC)
• Pre-Hospital Administration of Remdesivir (IDSA)
• Remdesivir and three other drugs for Hospitalized Patients (Lancet)
• Guidelines on Usage of Anticoagulants (Am Soc Hematol)
• Different Variants Hospitalization and Morality (Res Square)
• Contribute to FIMRIC fundraiser at PWB
• Dr. Griffin's treatment guide (pdf)
• Letters read on TWiV 897
• Timestamps by Jolene. Thanks!

Intro music is by Ronald Jenkees Send your questions for Dr. Griffin to daniel@microbe.tv

TWiV explains a study of how climate change is predicted to increase cross-species viral transmission risk, and increased memory B cell potency and breadth after a SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccine boost.

Hosts: Vincent Racaniello, Dickson Despommier, and Amy Rosenfeld

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• Climate change and viral zoonosis risk (Nature)
• COVID-19 mRNA boost effect on memory B cells (Nature)
• Letters read on TWiV 896
• Timestamps by Jolene. Thanks!

Dickson – Toots Thilelemans Amy – Largest comet ever identified Vincent – Scientific review articles as antivaccine disinformation

Intro music is by Ronald Jenkees Send your virology questions and comments to twiv@microbe.tv

In COVID-19 clinical update #112, Dr. Griffin reviews seroprevalence of infection-induced antibodies, Moderna filing for vaccine authorization in young children, public health impact of vaccines in US, FDA approval of first treatment for young children, phase 2 data for Sabizabulin, and post infection inflammation.

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• Seroprevalence of Infection-Induced Antibodies (CDC)
• Authorization for Vaccine in Young Children Filed (Moderna)
• Public Health Impact of Vaccines in US (BMJ)
• FDA authorizes first approved treatment for children (FDA)
• Phase 2 Data for Sabizabulin (Veru Pharma)
• Clinical Characteristics of Post Infection Inflammation (The Lancet)
• Fact Sheet for Providers on Evusheld (FDA)
• Fact Sheet for Providers on Paxlovid (FDA)
• Provider Referral for EvuSheld (Northwell Health)
• Contribute to ASTMH fundraiser at PWB
• Dr. Griffin's treatment guide (pdf)
• Letters read on TWiV 895
• Timestamps by Jolene. Thanks!

Intro music is by Ronald Jenkees Send your questions for Dr. Griffin to daniel@microbe.tv

TWiV explains what is known about cases of acute, severe hepatitis of unknown origin in children, and discovery of an inhibitor of TMPRSS2 protease that blocks SARS-CoV-2 infection.

Hosts: Vincent Racaniello, Alan Dove, Kathy Spindler, and Brianne Barker

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• Severe hepatitis in children (WHO)
• TMPRSS2 inhibitor (Nature)
• Omicron less dependent on TMPRSS2 (TWiV 879)
• Letters read on TWiV 894
• Timestamps by Jolene. Thanks!

Brianne – Apple AirTag Kathy – Dental art/sculpture/mobile/chandelier Alan – Vintage Radio and Communications Museum of Connecticut Vincent – For the Love of Enzymes by Arthur Kornberg

Intro music is by Ronald Jenkees Send your virology questions and comments to twiv@microbe.tv

Kartik, Denise, and Gorka join TWiV to discuss their finding that changes in the surface glycoprotein of South American yellow fever virus lead to reduced neutralization by antibodies induced by the vaccine, which is derived from an African isolate.

Hosts: Vincent Racaniello, Dickson Despommier, and Brianne Barker

Guests: Kartik Chandran, Denise Haslwanter, and Gorka Lasso Cabrera

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• Prometheus project (TWiV 578)
• Reduced neutralization of South American yellow fever virus (Cell Host Microbe)
• Letters read on TWiV 893
• Timestamps by Jolene. Thanks!

Dickson – Earth Day and Earth Day History Brianne – XKCD: Family Reunion Vincent – Tokaido: A Journey (DVD)

Intro music is by Ronald Jenkees Send your virology questions and comments to twiv@microbe.tv

In COVID-19 clinical update #111, Dr. Griffin discusses vaccine coverage and mortality in Hong Kong, immune response to boosters in kids, hospitalization of kids, breath based diagnostic test, viral co-infections, bivalent mRNA vaccine, intramuscular Evusheld, and global long COVID.

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• Vaccine coverage and mortality, Hong Kong (MMWR)
• Kids behind on routine vaccinations (Politico)
• Immune response to booster, 5-11 year olds (Pfizer)
• Children and vaccination (AAP)
• Hospitalization of 5-11 year olds (MMWR)
• Test using breath samples (FDA)
• Influenza virus, adenovirus, RS virus co-infections (Lancet)
• Booster crystal ball (TWiV 890)
• Bivalent vaccine (Res Square)
• Bivalent vaccine in mice (bioRxiv)
• Intramuscular Evusheld (NEJM)
• Global PASC (J Inf Dis)
• Dr. Griffin's treatment guide (pdf)
• Letters read on TWiV 892
• Timestamps by Jolene. Thanks!

Intro music is by Ronald Jenkees Send your questions for Dr. Griffin to daniel@microbe.tv

Elke, Adam, and Gabor join TWiV to discuss their work on Lloviu virus, a filovirus, including recovery of infectious virus from a DNA copy of the genome and from Schreiber's bats in Hungary.

Hosts: Vincent Racaniello, Rich Condit, Kathy Spindler, and Brianne Barker

Guests: Elke Muhlberger, Adam Hume, and Gabor Kemenesi

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• Elke on TWiV 200 and Threading the NEIDL
• Infectious Lloviu virus from bats in Hungary (Nat Commun)
• Infectious Lloviu virus from DNA (PloS Path)
• Letters read on TWiV 891
• Timestamps by Jolene. Thanks!

Brianne – APod Stars and Globules in the Running Chicken Nebula Kathy – BioRender Poster Builder Rich – The Sins of Our Fathers: An Expanse Novella (The Expanse) by James S. A. Corey Vincent – Baumgartner Restoration

J – Time, Einstein, and the coolest stuff in the Universe

Intro music is by Ronald Jenkees Send your virology questions and comments to twiv@microbe.tv

This episode of TWiV is focused on COVID-19 vaccines and antibodies: who should get boosters, whether a variant matched mRNA vaccine is superior to a historical vaccine, and how the interval between vaccination and infection influences the quality of the antibody response.

Hosts: Vincent Racaniello, Dickson Despommier, Rich Condit, and Brianne Barker

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• What next for COVID-19 boosters? (NEJM)
• Boosting with historical or variant mRNA vaccines (Cell)
• Vaccination-infection interval determines antibody breadth (Cell Med)
• Letters read on TWiV 890
• Timestamps by Jolene. Thanks!

Dickson – Webb Telescope's coldest instrument reaches operating temperature Brianne – Video of a CTL killing a tumor cell Rich – Our Unfinished Pandemic (On the Media Podcast) Vincent – Lý Thị Ca

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In COVID-19 clinical update #110, Dr. Griffin covers hospital admissions during variant outbreaks, viral load in vaccinated and unvaccinated individuals, predictive capacity of symptoms in children, comparison of antigen tests, incidence of myocarditis after vaccination, steroids during replication phase, Paxlovid efficacy and safety, fluvoxamine, sabizabutin, colchicine, and prevalence of infection in Africa.

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• Hospital admissions during Omicron and Delta variant outbreaks (Lancet)
• Viral load in unvaccinated and vaccinated individuals (Nat Med)
• Predictive Capability of symptoms in children (Clin Inf Dis)
• Comparison of antigen tests (medRxiv)
• Incidence of Myocarditis after COVID19 and non-COVID19 vaccination (Lancet)
• Steroids during viral replication phase (Resp)
• Paxlovid efficacy and safety (Pfizer)
• Fluvoxamine & Outpatient Management (JAMA)
• Sabizabutin efficacy and safety (Veru)
• Colchicine and lack of benefit (Lancet)
• SARS-CoV-2 prevalence in Africa (medRxiv)
• Contribute to ASTMH fundraiser at PWB
• Dr. Griffin's treatment guide (pdf)
• Letters read on TWiV 889 33:35
• Timestamps by Jolene. Thanks!

Intro music is by Ronald Jenkees Send your questions for Dr. Griffin to daniel@microbe.tv

Richard joins TWiV to discuss the SARS-CoV-2 antiviral drug Molnupiravir , including how it was discovered, its mechanism of action, whether it is a mutagen for cells, and the future of drugs for treatment of COVID-19.

Hosts: Vincent Racaniello, Alan Dove, and Brianne Barker

Guest: Richard Plemper

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• Richard on TWiV 636
• Molnupiravir in ferrets (Nat Micro)
• Oral prodrug of Remdesivir in ferrets (Nat Commun)
• Letters read on TWiV 888
• Timestamps by Jolene. Thanks!

Brianne – BioRender Poster Builder Alan – Hexbug cat toys Vincent – US Mint 2019 American Innovation Coin – PA – Polio Vaccine

Sue – American Visionary Art Museum Frazer – Vaccine trial for killer elephant virus

Intro music is by Ronald Jenkees Send your virology questions and comments to twiv@microbe.tv

TWiV explains why this season's influenza vaccine is not protecting against mild to moderate disease caused by H3N2 virus, and that antibody-dependent entry of SARS-CoV-2 into monocytes is a major contributor to severe COVID-19.

Hosts: Vincent Racaniello, Dickson Despommier, Rich Condit, and Amy Rosenfeld

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• Seasonal influenza vaccine effectiveness (MMWR)
• Properties of a dominant H3N2 variant (bioRxiv)
• Scott Henley on influenza vaccine growth in eggs (TWiV 480)
• Fc receptor dependent entry of SARS-CoV-2 into monocytes (Nature)
• Timestamps by Jolene. Thanks!

Dickson – Ketanji Brown Jackson confirmed to US Supreme Court Amy – Some threats just keep coming in waves Rich – Lady Bird Johnson Wildflower Center Vincent – Martijn Doolaard

Ann – Immunological memory to SARS-CoV-2 infection and vaccines Chris – Isoplexis

Intro music is by Ronald Jenkees Send your virology questions and comments to twiv@microbe.tv