This Week in Virology

In his weekly clinical update Dr. Griffin discusses the consistency of COVID-19 trial preprints with published reports and impact for decision making, the negative effect of preexisting immunity on Influenza vaccine responses transcends the impact of vaccine formulation type and vaccination history, highly pathogenic avian influenza A(H5N1) virus infection in farmed minks in Spain, Peru confirms H5N1 avian flu in marine mammals, prior vaccination enhances immune responses during SARS-CoV-2 breakthrough infection with early activation of memory T cells followed by production of potent neutralizing antibodies, bacillus Calmette-Guérin vaccine for prevention of COVID-19 and other respiratory tract infections in older adults with comorbidities, incidence of chronic spontaneous urticaria following receipt of the COVID-19 vaccine booster in Switzerland, relationship between immune response to SARS-CoV2 vaccines and development of breakthrough infection in solid organ transplant recipients, early treatment with pegylated interferon lambda for COVID-19, and how long-term high-dose immunoglobulin successfully treats long COVID patients with pulmonary, neurologic, and cardiologic symptoms.

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• Consistency of COVID-19 trial preprints with published reports (BMI)
• Negative effect of preexisting immunity on Influenza vaccine (JID)
• Highly pathogenic avian influenza infection in farmed minks (Eurosurveillance)
• Peru confirms H5N1 avian flu in marine mammals (CIDRAP)
• Prior vaccination enhances immune responses during SARS-CoV-2 infection (bioRxiv)
• Bacillus Calmette-Guérin vaccine for prevention of COVID-19 and respiratory infections (CMI)
• Incidence of spontaneous Urticaria following COVID-19 vaccine booster (JAMA)
• Relationship between immune response to SARS-CoV2 vaccines and breakthrough infection in transplant recipients (CID)
• Early treatment with Pegylated Interferon Lambda for COVID-19 (NEJM)
• Long-term high-dose immunoglobulin successfully treats Long COVID patients (Frontiers)
• Contribute to our ASTMH fundraiser at PWB
• Dr. Griffin's treatment guide (pdf)
• Letters read on TWiV 982
• Don't crush Paxlovid (pdf)
• Timestamps by Jolene. Thanks!

Intro music is by Ronald Jenkees Send your questions for Dr. Griffin to daniel@microbe.tv

TWiV explains the recent meeting of the National Science Advisory Board for Biosecurity (NSABB) where stricter guidelines for research involving human, animal, and plant pathogens were considered, and how the consumption of viruses by small protists returns energy to food chains.

Hosts: Vincent Racaniello, Dickson Despommier, Alan Dove, Rich Condit, and Kathy Spindler

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•Research assistant position at FDA (pdf) •Register for ASV 2023 •MicrobeTV Discord Server •NSABB proposed oversight framework (pdf) •Stricter US guidelines for research (Nature) •Information on NSABB (NIH) •Consumption of viruses by protists (PNAS) •Letters read on TWiV 981 •Timestamps by Jolene. Thanks!

Dickson – Jazz Project: Trombone: Steve Turre/Conrad Herwig; Steve Turre; Curtis Fuller; J.J. Johnson and Kai Winding. Steve Turre: Signature album: Sanctified Shells. Signature song: Sanctified Shells. Conrad Herwig. Signature album: A Jones For Bones Tones. Signature song: Slide's Routine; Curtis Fuller: Signature album: BLUES ette. Signature song: Bluesette. J.J. Johnson (with Kai Winding). Signature album: The Great Kai and J.J. : Signature song: Monk's Blues. Kathy – Measles virus 'cooperates' with itself to cause fatal encephalitis. Primary research article: Shirogane et al. Rich – Firm hatches plan to bring back dodo (Colossal Biosciences – Dodo) Alan – Mt. Washington Observatory webcam Vincent – Ask the Experts

Roberto – The Contagion of Liberty: The Politics of Smallpox in the American Revolution

Intro music is by Ronald Jenkees Send your virology questions and comments to twiv@microbe.tv

In his weekly clinical update Dr. Griffin discusses prevalence and clinical outcomes of respiratory syncytial virus versus influenza virus in adults hospitalized with acute respiratory Illness, reconsideration of antinucleocapsid IgG antibody as a marker of SARS-CoV-2 infection postvaccination for mild COVID-19 patients, assessment of COVID-19 as the underlying cause of death among children and young people aged 0 to 19 years in the US, information for persons who are immunocompromised regarding prevention and treatment of SARS-CoV-2 Infection in the context of currently circulating Omicron sublineages, association of culturable-virus detection and household transmission of SARS-CoV-2, effectiveness of bivalent boosters against severe Omicron infection, Covid vaccines and playing the long game, efficacy and safety of antimicrobial stewardship prospective audit and feedback in patients hospitalized with COVID-19, and severe fatigue and persistent symptoms at three months following SARS-CoV-2 Infections during the pre-Delta, Delta, and Omicron time periods.

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• Prevalence and clinical outcomes of RSV vs influenza in adults (CID)
• Reconsideration of antinucleocapsid IgG antibody as a marker of SARS-CoV-2 infection (OFID)
• Assessment of COVID-19 as the underlying cause of death among children and young people (JAMA)
• Information for persons who are immunocompromised regarding prevention and treatment of SARS-CoV-2 infection (CDC)
• Association of culturable-virus detection and household transmission of SARS-CoV-2 (JID)
• Effectiveness of bivalent boosters against severe Omicron infection (NEJM)
• Covid vaccines and playing the long game (NEJM)
• Efficacy and safety of antimicrobial stewardship prospective audit and feedback in COVID-19 patients (The Lancet)
• Severe fatigue and persistent symptoms at three months following SARS-CoV-2 Infection (CID)
• Contribute to our ASTMH fundraiser at PWB
• Dr. Griffin's treatment guide (pdf)
• Letters read on TWiV 980
• Don't crush Paxlovid (pdf)
• Timestamps by Jolene. Thanks!

Intro music is by Ronald Jenkees Send your questions for Dr. Griffin to daniel@microbe.tv

Paul Offit returns to TWiV to unpack the recent FDA Advisory Panel on COVID vaccines, with discussions on giving everyone the same bivalent vaccine, simplifying the immunization schedule, and how to know when the vaccine should be updated.

Hosts: Vincent Racaniello and Rich Condit

Guest: Paul Offit

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• FDA briefing document (pdf)
• Effectiveness of bivalent booster against severe infection (NEJM)
• Timestamps by Jolene. Thanks!

Intro music is by Ronald Jenkees Send your virology questions and comments to twiv@microbe.tv

TWiV gives an update on poliovirus in wastewater, and reveals a vast world of viroids that infect a wide range of host species in diverse ecosystems.

Hosts: Vincent Racaniello, Alan Dove, Rich Condit, and Kathy Spindler

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•Research assistant position at FDA (pdf) •Register for ASV 2023 •MicrobeTV Discord Server •Nick Muzyczka passes •CDC planning wastewater testing for polio (CDC) •Wastewater testing for poliovirus (MMWR) •NY state poliovirus wastewater surveillance (NYSDOH) •CDC wastewater poliovirus surveillance in select communities (CDC) •Vast world of viroid-like RNAs (Cell) •Timestamps by Jolene. Thanks!

Kathy – 3B new Milky Way objects, Green comet Rich – Virology under the Microscope—a Call for Rational Discourse Alan – Indie story-driven games series #3: Valiant Hearts: The Great War Vincent – Vaccines and Related Biological Products Advisory Committee Meeting January 26, 2023 – pdf

Florencia – An elegant way to stop deadly Hendra virus spillovers from bats to horses … to us (Nature article)

Intro music is by Ronald Jenkees Send your virology questions and comments to twiv@microbe.tv

In his weekly clinical update Dr. Griffin discusses co-detections of other respiratory viruses among children hospitalized with COVID-19, preprint review should form part of PhD programs and postdoc training, early and increased Influenza activity among children, COVID-19 vaccines versus pediatric hospitalization, SARS-CoV-2 variant-related abnormalities detected by prenatal MRI, protective effectiveness of previous SARS-CoV-2 infection and hybrid immunity against the Omicron variant and severe disease, protective effectiveness of previous SARS-CoV-2 infection and hybrid immunity against the omicron variant and severe disease, persistent COVID-19 Symptoms at 6 months after onset and the role of vaccination before or after SARS-COV-2 infection, effect of Dexamethasone use on viral clearance among patients with COVID-19, and the impact of vaccination on post-acute sequelae of SARS CoV-2 infection in patients with rheumatic diseases.

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• Codetections of other respiratory viruses among children with COVID-19 (Pediatrics)
• Preprint review should form part of PhD programmes and postdoc training (Nature)
• Early and increased Influenza activity among children (CDC)
• COVID-19 vaccines versus pediatric hospitalization (Cell)
• SARS-CoV-2 variant abnormalities detected by prenatal MRI (The Lancet)
• Protective effectiveness of previous SARS-CoV-2 infection and hybrid immunity (The Lancet)
• Persistent COVID-19 symptoms at 6 months and role of vaccination (JAMA)
• Effects of Dexamethasone use among patients with COVID-19 (IJID)
• Impact of vaccination on sequelae of SARS CoV-2 in patients with rheumatic diseases (BMJ)
• Contribute to our MicrobeTV fundraiser at PWB
• Dr. Griffin's treatment guide (pdf)
• Letters read on TWiV 978
• Don't crush Paxlovid (pdf)
• Timestamps by Jolene. Thanks!

Intro music is by Ronald Jenkees Send your questions for Dr. Griffin to daniel@microbe.tv

TWiV covers a study of SARS-CoV-2 persistence at multiple sites in the human body, and the role of endogenous retroviruses in ageing and senescence.

Hosts: Vincent Racaniello, Dickson Despommier, Alan Dove, Brianne Barker, and Angela Mingarelli

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•Research assistant position at FDA (pdf) •Register for ASV 2023 •MicrobeTV Discord Server •Persistence of SARS-CoV-2 (Nature) •Endogenous retroviruses and senescence (Cell) •Timestamps by Jolene. Thanks!

Dickson – Baritone Saxophone: Gerry Mulligan. No one else comes close Signature song: Bernie's Tune Angela – World's Longest Animal Brianne – Green Comet to Pass By Earth for first time in 50,000 years Alan – Indie games series: Golf Club Wasteland Vincent – Bivalent Covid-19 Vaccines — A Cautionary Tale

Lisa – The River and the Wall

Intro music is by Ronald Jenkees Send your virology questions and comments to twiv@microbe.tv

In his weekly clinical update Dr. Griffin discusses China reporting almost 60,000 Covid-related deaths after abrupt shift in policy, detection of SARS-CoV-2 IgA and IgG in human milk and breastfeeding infant stool 6 months after maternal COVID-19 vaccination, effect of Fluvoxamine vs placebo on time to sustained recovery in outpatients with mild to moderate COVID-19, hyperimmune globulin for severely immunocompromised patients hospitalized with COVID-19, long COVID outcomes at one year after mild SARS-CoV-2 infection, long COVID: major findings, mechanisms and recommendations, a systematic review of trials currently investigating therapeutic modalities for post-acute COVID-19 syndrome and registered on World Health Organization international clinical trials platform, and the effect of using a structured pacing protocol on post-exertional symptom exacerbation and health status in a longitudinal cohort with the post-COVID-19 syndrome.

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• China records almost 60,000 COVID-related deaths (SCMP)
• Detection of SARS-CoV-2 IgA and IgG in human milk and breastfeeding infant stool (Nature)
• Effect of Fluvoxamine vs placebo in outpatients with COVID-19 (JAMA)
• Hyperimmune Globulin for immunocompromised patients with COVID-19 (JID)
• Long COVID outcomes at one year after mild infection (BMJ)
• Major findings, mechanisms and recommendations for Long COVID (Nature)
• Review of trials investigating therapeutic modalities for post-acute COVID-19 (CMI)
• Effect of using a structured pacing protocol (JMV)
• Contribute to our MicrobeTV fundraiser at PWB
• Dr. Griffin's treatment guide (pdf)
• Letters read on TWiV 976
• Don't crush Paxlovid (pdf)
• Timestamps by Jolene. Thanks!

Intro music is by Ronald Jenkees Send your questions for Dr. Griffin to daniel@microbe.tv

Daniela joins TWiV to discuss her career and her research on T cells, their role in infection with SARS-CoV-2, T cell epitopes and why a variant that evades T cell immunity is not likely to emerge.

Hosts: Vincent Racaniello, Alan Dove, and Brianne Barker

Guest: Daniela Weiskopf

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•Research assistant position at FDA (pdf) •Register for ASV 2023 •Cross reactive T cells to SARS-CoV-2 (Science) •SARS-CoV-2 exposure history and T cell response (Cell Rep Med) •Spike T cells cross- recognize Omicron (Nature) •Ancestral SARS-CoV-2 T cells recognize Omicron (Nature) •NVX-CoV2373 induces T cell responses (J Clin Inves) •Letters read on TWiV 975 •Timestamps by Jolene. Thanks!

Brianne – Video of viral attachment (based on this article) Alan – Starting a series of innovative indie video games. First up: The Longing. Vincent – The Amy Papers and Calendar for live events

Judy – Innate immune evasion strategies of SARS-CoV-2 Charles – Who's Talking to Chris Wallace? Season 1, epitope 30: Dr. Anthony Fauci on HBO Max

Intro music is by Ronald Jenkees Send your virology questions and comments to twiv@microbe.tv

In his weekly clinical update Dr. Griffin discusses poliovirus returns to New York wastewater, COVID-19 is more widespread in animals than we thought, increasing ventilation reduces SARS-CoV-2 airborne transmission in schools, the use of carbon dioxide monitoring to assess ventilation at a national infectious diseases conference, effectiveness of the bivalent mRNA vaccine in preventing severe COVID-19 outcomes, 7-month duration of SARS-CoV-2 mucosal immunoglobulin-A responses and protection, and long COVID outcomes at one year after mild SARS-CoV-2 infection.

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• COVID-19 more widespread in animals than thought (Nat Geo)
• Increasing ventilation reduces airborne transmission in schools (Frontiers)
• Carbon dioxide monitoring to assess ventilation at a NID conference (CID)
• Paxlovid patient eligbiliity screening checklist (FDA)
• Effectiveness of bivalent mRNA vaccine in preventing severe COVID-19 (Lancet)
• Duration of SARS-CoV-2 mucosal immunoglobulin-A responses and protection (Lancet)
• Long COVID outcomes at one year after mild SARS-CoV-2 infection (BMJ)
• Contribute to our MicrobeTV fundraiser at PWB
• Dr. Griffin's treatment guide (pdf)
• Letters read on TWiV 974
• Timestamps by Jolene. Thanks!

Intro music is by Ronald Jenkees Send your questions for Dr. Griffin to daniel@microbe.tv

Felicia joins TWiV to discuss her career and her research on human cytomegalovirus, which infects most of us for our entire lives yet mainly causes disease in the immunosuppressed.

Hosts: Vincent Racaniello, Alan Dove, and Brianne Barker

Guest: Felicia Goodrum

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•Research assistant position at FDA (pdf) •The loss of binary (Curr Clin Micro Rep) •Virology in Peril (mBio) •Letters read on TWiV 973 •Timestamps by Jolene. Thanks!

Brianne – "Leukocyte" immunology video parody Alan – West Point Removing Confederate Monuments, and Ty Seidule's book on that subject Vincent – The works of Haruki Murakami – South of the Border, West of the Sun; also short stories (First Person Singular, particularly Confessions of a Shinagawa Monkey; and Men Without Women, particularly Drive My Car)

Karen – On All Fours: Transient Laborers, the Threat of Movement, and the Aftermath of Disease Kevin – James Hoffmann and Bald and Bankrupt

Intro music is by Ronald Jenkees Send your virology questions and comments to twiv@microbe.tv

In his weekly clinical update Dr. Griffin discusses the infectiousness of SARS-CoV-2 breakthrough infections and reinfections during the Omicron wave, virological characteristics of the SARS-CoV-2 XBB variant derived from recombination of two Omicron subvariants, antibody evasion properties of rising SARS-CoV-2 BQ and XBB subvariants, comparative effectiveness of third doses of mRNA-based COVID-19 vaccines in US veterans, time to negative PCR conversion among high-risk patients with mild-to-moderate Omicron BA.1 and BA.2 COVID-19 treated by Sotrovimab or Nirmatrelvir, COVID drug Paxlovid was hailed as a game-changer, what happened?, the Fc-effector function of COVID-19 convalescent plasma contributes to SARS-CoV-2 treatment efficacy in mice, SARS-CoV-2 infection and persistence in the human body and brain at autopsy, long-term cardiovascular outcomes of COVID-19, and how heart-disease risk soars after COVID — even with a mild case.

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• Infectiousness of breakthrough infections & reinfections during Omicron wave (Nature)
• Virological characteristics of the SARS-CoV-2 XBB variant (bioRxiv)
• Antibody evasion properties of BQ and XBB subvariants (Cell)
• Comparative effectiveness of third doses of mRNA vaccines in US veterans (Nature)
• Time to negative PCR conversion among high-risk patients treated by Sotrovimab or Nirmatrelvir (CMI)
• Paxlovid patient eligbiliity screening checklist (FDA)
• COVID drug Paxlovid was hailed as a game-changer. What happened? (Nature)
• Fc-effector function of COVID-19 convalescent plasma contributes to treatment efficacy (Cell)
• SARS-CoV-2 infection and persistence in the human body and brain at autopsy (Nature)
• Long-term cardiovascular outcomes of COVID-19 (Nature)
• Heart-disease risk soars after COVID (Nature)
• Contribute to our MicrobeTV fundraiser at PWB
• Dr. Griffin's treatment guide (pdf)
• Letters read on TWiV 972
• Timestamps by Jolene. Thanks!

Intro music is by Ronald Jenkees Send your questions for Dr. Griffin to daniel@microbe.tv

In the first epitope of 2023, TWiV reviews our coverage of virology in 2022, including favorite story arcs, episodes, show titles, and much more.

Hosts: Vincent Racaniello, Dickson Despommier, Rich Condit, Kathy Spindler, and Brianne Barker

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Our favorite 2022 virology stories: •Vincent: Paul Offit on bivalent boosters (TWiV 917, 942, Special) •Dickson: Interviews with Paul Offit and Andy Slavitt •Rich: TWiV 948: Breathless with David Quammen •Kathy: TWiV 915: Mouse mouth to mouse mom •Brianne: Spillovers (TWiV 923 and 876) •Vincent: Giant viruses (TWiV 873, 906, 968) •Dickson: TWiV 960 – Getting Funky with Dan Wilson •Rich: TWiV 927: Merchlinsky vs monkeypox •Kathy: TWiV 958: Pass the RNA and have some venison pi •Brianne: TWiV 869: Epstein-Barr virus and MS, a perfect storm •Twiverse •Letters read on TWiV 968 •Timestamps by Jolene. Thanks!

Dickson – Jazz Project: Tenor saxophone: John Coltrane/Dexter Gordon/Stan Getz: John Coltrane: Signature album: Giant Steps: Signature song: Blue Train; Dexter Gordon: Signature album: The Other Side Of Round Midnight. Signature song: Round Midnight; Stan Getz (with Charlie Byrd on guitar): Signature Album: Jazz Samba; Signature song: Desafinado Brianne – A Full Circle Rainbow over Norway Kathy – Frozen soap bubbles Rich – It's Turtles All the Way Down in the Fossil Record by Asher Elbein Vincent – Vincent's Top Ten Music

Charles – Wayne Bergeron and Vince DiMartino MacArthur Park

Intro music is by Ronald Jenkees Send your virology questions and comments to twiv@microbe.tv

In his weekly clinical update Dr. Griffin discusses modelling the adjustment of COVID-19 response and exit from dynamic zero-COVID in China, canine real-time detection of SARS-CoV-2 infections in the context of a mass screening event, two masks can be worse than one: N95 respirator failure caused by an overlying face mask, airflow patterns in double-occupancy patient rooms may contribute to roommate-to-roommate transmission of severe SARS-CoV-2, clinical validation of a novel T-Cell receptor sequencing assay for identification of recent or prior SARS-CoV-2 infection, antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity against SARS-CoV-2 Omicron sub-lineages is reduced in convalescent sera, regardless of the infecting variant, VV116 versus Nirmatrelvir–Ritonavir for oral treatment of Covid-19, Nirmatrelvir plus Ritonavir for early COVID-19 in a U.S. health system, Molnupiravir plus usual care versus usual care alone as early treatment for adults with COVID-19 at increased risk of adverse outcomes, higher dose corticosteroids in hospitalized COVID-19 patients with hypoxia but not requiring ventilatory support, FDA approves Roche's Actemra (tocilizumab) for the treatment of COVID-19 in hospitalized adults, structural brain changes in post-acute COVID-19 patients with persistent olfactory dysfunction, persistent post–COVID-19 smell loss is associated with immune cell infiltration and altered gene expression in olfactory epithelium, epidemiology of long COVID in US adults, persistent symptoms and sequelae after SARS-CoV-2 infection not requiring hospitalization, and outpatient treatment of Covid-19 with metformin, ivermectin, and fluvoxamine and the development of Long Covid over 10-month follow-up.

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• Modeling the adjustment of COVID-19 response and exit in China (Nature)
• Canine real-time detection of SARS-CoV-2 infections in mass screening events (BMJ)
• N95 respirator failure caused by an overlying face mask (ICHE)
• Airflow in patient rooms may contribute to transmission of severe SARS-CoV-2 (CID)
• Clinical validation of a T-Cell receptor for identification of recent or prior SARS-CoV-2 infection (CID)
• Antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity against SARS-CoV-2 Omicron sub-lineages (Cell)
• VV116 vs. Nirmatrelvir–Ritonavir for oral treatment of Covid-19 (NEJM)
• Nirmatrelvir plus Ritonavir for early COVID-19 in a U.S. health system (ACP)
• Molnupiravir as early treatment for adults with COVID-19 (The Lancet)
• Higher dose corticosteroids in hospitalized COVID-19 patients with hypoxia but not requiring ventilatory support (medRxiv)
• FDA approves Tocilizumab for the treatment of COVID-19 in hospitalized adults (Roche)
• Structural brain changes in post-acute COVID-19 patients with olfactory dysfunction (Annals)
• Paxlovid patient eligbiliity screening checklist (FDA)
• Persistent post–COVID-19 smell loss association (Science)
• Epidemiology of long COVID in US adults (CID)
• Persistent symptoms & sequelae after SARS-CoV-2 infection not requiring hospitalization (OFID)
• Outpatient treatment of COVID-19 with metformin, ivermectin, and fluvoxamine & the development of long COVID (medRxiv)
• Contribute to our MicrobeTV fundraiser at PWB
• Dr. Griffin's treatment guide (pdf)
• Letters read on TWiV 970
• Timestamps by Jolene. Thanks!

Intro music is by Ronald Jenkees Send your questions for Dr. Griffin to daniel@microbe.tv

Carl Zimmer visits the Incubator to record a wide-ranging conversation about COVID-19, including origins, vaccines, public health responses, and impact on society.

Host: Vincent Racaniello

Guest: Carl Zimmer

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Intro music is by Ronald Jenkees Send your virology questions and comments to twiv@microbe.tv

TWiV reviews eukaryotic viruses recovered from ancient permafrost, a mistake made by scientists on Omicron origins, and close relatives of MERS-CoV from bats that bind ACE2 for entry into cells.

Hosts: Vincent Racaniello, Dickson Despommier, Alan Dove, Rich Condit, and Brianne Barker

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• Support MicrobeTV with a Spike t-shirt (Vaccinated.us) with promo code MicrobeTV
• Positions with the Mosquito and Vector Control Division in Harris County Public Health (one and two)
• Ancient eukaryotic viruses from permafrost (bioRxiv)
• We made a mistake (Science)
• Bat MERS-like CoV bind ACE2 (Nature)
• Letters read on TWiV 968
• Timestamps by Jolene. Thanks!

Dickson – Alto Saxophone: Paul Desmond/Cannonball Adderley/Charlie Parker/Randal Despommier: Paul Desmond: Signature album: Paul Desmond:The Complete RCA Victor Recordings (1961-1965). Signature song: Take Five (Dave Brubeck Quartet). Cannonball Adderley: Signature album: The Cannonball Adderley Quintet: Mercy, Mercy, Mercy. Signature song: Mercy, Mercy, Mercy. Charlie Parker (Bird): played in many groups: Signature album: Dizzy Gillespie and His Allstars. Signature song: A Night In Tunisia; Randal Despommier: Signature album: A Midsummer Odyssey. Signature song: I Hope It's Spring For You. Brianne – How a See-Through Frog Hides its Red Blood from Predators (also covered in The Atlantic) Rich – Mindfulness in Plain English by Ven. Henepola Gunaratana Vincent – Unveiling skin macrophage dynamics explains both tattoo persistence and strenuous removal

Rona – WKCR, FM 89.9 Columbia's radio station Alan – XKCD Proxy Variable

Intro music is by Ronald Jenkees Send your virology questions and comments to twiv@microbe.tv

In his weekly clinical update Dr. Griffin discusses how immunological dysfunction persists for 8 months following initial mild-to-moderate SARS-CoV-2 infection, prevalence of SARS-CoV-2 and influenza coinfection and clinical characteristics among children and adolescents aged Subscribe (free): Apple Podcasts, Google Podcasts, RSS, email

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• Immunological dysfunction persists for 8 months following SARS-CoV-2 infection (Nature)
• Prevalence of SARS-CoV-2 and Influenza coinfection and clinical characteristics (CDC)
• WHO estimates of excess mortality associated with the COVID-19 pandemic (Nature)
• Reconsideration of anti-nucleocapsid IgG antibody as a marker of SARS-CoV-2 infection (OFID)
• Impact of SARS-CoV-2 variants on inpatient clinical outcome (CID)
• Clinical features and burden of post-acute sequelae of SARS-CoV-2 infection (OFID)
• Similar SARS-CoV-2 Ct value distributions in samples from symptomatic children (JPIDS)
• Early estimates of bivalent mRNA vaccine effectiveness in preventing COVID-19 (CDC)
• Effect of Nirmatrelvir/Ritonavir vs placebo on COVID-19─Related hospitalizations (OFID)
• COVID-19 Convalescent Plasma outpatient therapy to prevent outpatient hospitalization (MedRxiv)
• Bacterial co-infection and empirical antibiotic therapy in patients with COVID-19 (OFID)
• Association of time to surgery after COVID-19 infection (JAMA)
• Demonstration of stable clusters of symptoms in long COVID (OFID)
• Paxlovid patient eligbiliity screening checklist (FDA)
• Longitudinal analysis of T cells in COVID-19 survivors with post-acute sequelae (OFID)
• Contribute to our MicrobeTV fundraiser at PWB
• Dr. Griffin's treatment guide (pdf)
• Letters read on TWiV 967
• Timestamps by Jolene. Thanks!

Intro music is by Ronald Jenkees Send your questions for Dr. Griffin to daniel@microbe.tv

Vincent travels to the NIH campus to speak with Jeffery Taubenberger about his career, the 1918 influenza pandemic, deciphering the genome sequence of the virus from tissues of disease victims and using it to rescue infectious virus.

Host: Vincent Racaniello

Guest: Jeffery Taubenberger

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• Support MicrobeTV with a Spike t-shirt (Vaccinated.us) with promo code MicrobeTV
• Influenza 1918 pandemic questions answered (Sci Transl Med)
• Reconstructed 1918 influenza virus (Science)
• Timestamps by Jolene. Thanks!

Intro music is by Ronald Jenkees Send your virology questions and comments to twiv@microbe.tv

Brazilian infectious diseases physician Esper Kallas returns to TWiV to discuss the state of viral diseases in his country, including those cause by Zika, dengue, and yellow fever viruses, MPOX, and SARS-CoV-2.

Hosts: Vincent Racaniello and Alan Dove

Guest: Esper Kallas

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• Support MicrobeTV with a Spike t-shirt (Vaccinated.us) with promo code MicrobeTV
• International Scientific Coordinator Position (agajewski at icsnicaragua.org for more info)
• Viral kinetics in sylvatic yellow fever (J Inf Dis)
• Safety and efficacy of Butanan-DV (Lancet Inf Dis)
• Immune responses to CoronaVac (Front Immunol)
• Timestamps by Jolene. Thanks!

Alan – A Voyage for Madmen Vincent – Some favorite holiday cookies: pignoli cookies and pfeffernusse

Intro music is by Ronald Jenkees Send your virology questions and comments to twiv@microbe.tv

In his weekly clinical update Dr. Griffin discusses Dr. Griffin discusses progress toward poliomyelitis eradication in Afghanistan, reduced risk for Mpox after receipt of 1 or 2 doses of JYNNEOS vaccine compared with risk among unvaccinated persons, reduced airborne transmission of SARS-CoV-2 BA.1 Omicron virus in Syrian hamsters, authorized updated (Bivalent) COVID-19 vaccines for children down to 6 months of age, low neutralization of SARS-CoV-2 Omicron BA.2.75.2, BQ.1.1, and XBB.1 by parental mRNA vaccine or a BA.5-bivalent booster, efficacy of antiviral agents against omicron subvariants BQ.1.1 and XBB, incidence of viral rebound after treatment with Nirmatrelvir-Ritonavir and Molnupiravir, and the effectiveness of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccine in the prevention of post–COVID-19 conditions.

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• Progress toward Poliomyelitis eradication in Afghanistan (CDC)
• Reduced risk for Mpox after receipt of 1 or 2 Doses of JYNNEOS vaccine (CDC)
• Reduced airborne transmission of BA.1 Omicron virus in Syrian hamsters (PLOS)
• Authorized bivalent vaccines for children down to 6 months of age (FDA)
• Low neutralization of BA.2.75.2, BQ.1.1, and XBB.1 by parental mRNA vaccine (Nature)
• Efficacy of antiviral agents against Omicron subvariants BQ.1.1 and XBB (NEJM)
• Viral rebound after treatment with Nirmatrelvir-Ritonavir and Molnupiravir (JAMA)
• Paxlovid patient eligbiliity screening checklist (FDA)
• Effectiveness of COVID-19 vaccines in prevention of post–infection conditions (ASHE)
• Contribute to our MicrobeTV fundraiser at PWB
• Dr. Griffin's treatment guide (pdf)
• Letters read on TWiV 964
• Timestamps by Jolene. Thanks!

Intro music is by Ronald Jenkees Send your questions for Dr. Griffin to daniel@microbe.tv

Vincent travels to Cornell University to speak with Gary Whittaker about regulation by proteolytic processing of the fusion activity of the spike protein of SARS-CoV-2, and feline coronavirus transmission, replication and disease.

Hosts: Vincent Racaniello

Guest: Gary Whittaker

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• SARS-CoV-2 spike and its furin cleavage site (Lancet Microbe)
• TMPRSS2 inhibitor blocks SARS-CoV-2 reproduction (Nature)
• Distinct spike proteins of feline coronaviruses (Viruses)
• Feline coronavirus and feline infectious peritonitis (J Zoo Wild Med)
• Timestamps by Jolene. Thanks!

Intro music is by Ronald Jenkees Send your virology questions and comments to twiv@microbe.tv

Paul Offit returns to TWiV to discuss why the bivalent booster dosing story should be a cautionary tale of how not to move forward in this pandemic.

Hosts: Vincent Racaniello and Rich Condit

Guest: Paul Offit

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• Antibody responses to bivalent booster (bioRxiv)
• Immunogenicity of bivalent vaccine (bioRxiv)
• Timestamps by Jolene. Thanks!

Intro music is by Ronald Jenkees Send your virology questions and comments to twiv@microbe.tv

Astrophysicist Chiara Mingarelli joins TWiV to discuss her career and her work using pulse timing arrays to study the gravitational wave background, ripples in the fabric of spacetime that are caused by events such as the merging of black holes.

Hosts: Vincent Racaniello, Rich Condit, Kathy Spindler, and Angela Mingarelli

Guest: Chirara Mingarelli

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• Support MicrobeTV with a Spike t-shirt (Vaccinated.us) with promo code MicrobeTV
• International Scientific Coordinator Position (agajewski at icsnicaragua.org for more info)
• Seeing the gravitational wave universe (Science)
• Timestamps by Jolene. Thanks!

Angela – OpenAI Playground and Nature Milestones: T cells Chiara – The Biggest Ideas in the Universe by Sean Carroll Kathy – Recycling PVC and here and here Rich – Brome Bird Care Squirrel Buster Plus (Bonus pick: 1971 Volvo 142 Commercial – With John Cameron Swayze) Vincent – Journey to the Microcosmos

Intro music is by Ronald Jenkees Send your virology questions and comments to twiv@microbe.tv

In his weekly clinical update Dr. Griffin discusses Mpox (formerly monkeypox) in women: epidemiological features and clinical characteristics of mpox cases in Spain, April to November 2022, triage of patients with Ebola virus disease, SARS-CoV-2 serology and self-reported infection among adults, serological markers of SARS-CoV-2 infection; anti-nucleocapsid antibody positivity may not be the ideal marker of natural infection in vaccinated individuals, sensitivity of anti-SARS-CoV-2 nucleocapsid protein antibody for breakthrough infections during the epidemic of the Omicron variants, effect of wearing glasses on risk of infection with SARS-CoV-2 in the community, and data-driven identification of post-acute SARS-CoV-2 infection subphenotypes.

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• Mpox in women: Epidemiological features and clinical characteristics of cases (Eurosurveillance)
• Triage of patients with Ebola virus disease (The Lancet)
• SARS-CoV-2 serology and self-reported infection among adults (CDC)
• Serological markers of SARS-CoV-2 infection (JID)
• Sensitivity of anti-SARS-CoV-2 nucleocapsid protein antibody (Journal of infection)
• Effect of wearing glasses on risk of infection with SARS-CoV-2 in the community (JAMA)
• Paxlovid patient eligbiliity screening checklist (FDA)
• Data-driven identification of post-acute SARS-CoV-2 infection subphenotypes (Nature)
• Contribute to our MicrobeTV fundraiser at PWB
• Dr. Griffin's treatment guide (pdf)
• Letters read on TWiV 961
• Timestamps by Jolene. Thanks!

Intro music is by Ronald Jenkees Send your questions for Dr. Griffin to daniel@microbe.tv

Dan Wilson of Debunk the Funk joins TWiV to explain why he decided to take on science misinformation and how he critiques people who promulgate incorrect information.

Hosts: Vincent Racaniello, Dickson Despommier, Rich Condit, and Brianne Barker

Guest: Dan Wilson

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• Support MicrobeTV with a Spike t-shirt (Vaccinated.us) with promo code MicrobeTV
• International Scientific Coordinator Position (agajewski at icsnicaragua.org for more info)
• Debunk the Funk (YouTube)
• Letters read on TWiV 960
• Timestamps by Jolene. Thanks!

Dickson – Jazz Project: InstrumentalTrumpet: Clifford Brown/Miles Davis/Winton Marsalis. Clifford Brown: Signature album: Study In Brown, Signature song: Sandu; Miles Davis: Signature albums: Kind Of Blue; Sketches Of Spain; Porgy And Bess; Miles. Signature song: Time After Time. Wynton Marsalis: Signature album: Standard Time. Signature song: Do You Know What It Means To Miss New Orleans Brianne – Physicists Create a Wormhole Rich – Dec 1 APOD: Artemis 1 Flight Day 13 Vincent – An Ancient Language, Once on the Brink, Is a British Isle's Talk of the Town

Intro music is by Ronald Jenkees Send your virology questions and comments to twiv@microbe.tv

In his weekly clinical update Dr. Griffin discusses effectiveness of influenza vaccination of pregnant women for prevention of maternal and early infant Influenza-associated hospitalizations in South Africa, a multivalent nucleoside-modified mRNA vaccine against all known influenza virus subtypes, single and 2-dose vaccinations with modified vaccinia Ankara-Bavarian Nordic induce durable B cell memory responses comparable to replicating smallpox vaccines, whether the risk of still and preterm birth is affected by the timing of symptomatic SARS-CoV-2 infection during pregnancy, medical masks versus N95 respirators for preventing COVID-19 among health care workers, alarming antibody evasion properties of rising SARS-CoV-2 BQ and XBB subvariants, real-world evidence of novel treatments for COVID-19 on mortality: a nationwide comparative cohort study of hospitalized patients in the 1st, 2nd, 3rdand 4th wave in the Netherlands, and effectiveness and safety of extended thromboprophylaxis in post-discharge patients with COVID-19.

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• Effectiveness of Influenza vaccination in pregnant women (OFID)
• Multivalent nucleoside-modified mRNA vaccine against Influenza subtypes (Science)
• Single and 2-dose vaccinations with modified vaccinia Ankara-Bavarian Nordic (JID)
• Is the risk of still and preterm birth affected by the timing of symptomatic SARS-CoV-2 infection? (AJOG)
• Medical masks versus N95 respirators for preventing COVID-19 among health care workers (ACP)
• Bebtelovimab fact sheet for providers (FDA)
• Alarming antibody evasion properties of rising SARS-CoV-2 BQ and XBB subvariants (bioRxiV)
• Paxlovid patient eligbiliity screening checklist (FDA)
• Real-world evidence of novel treatments for COVID-19 on mortality (OFID)
• Effectiveness and safety of extended thromboprophylaxis in post-discharge patients with COVID-19 (Thrombosis Research)
• Contribute to our MicrobeTV fundraiser at PWB
• Dr. Griffin's treatment guide (pdf)
• Letters read on TWiV 959
• Timestamps by Jolene. Thanks!

Intro music is by Ronald Jenkees Send your questions for Dr. Griffin to daniel@microbe.tv

The TWiV team reveals a variant SARS-CoV-2 that emerged in deer with deer-to-human transmission, and hybrid virus particles produced by co-infection with influenza virus and respiratory syncytial virus particles.

Hosts: Vincent Racaniello, Dickson Despommier, Alan Dove, Kathy Spindler, and Brianne Barker

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• Support MicrobeTV with a Spike t-shirt (Vaccinated.us) with promo code MicrobeTV
• Testing and evaluation specialist (Harris County Public Health)
• Oveta Fuller tribute (YouTube)
• Divergent SARS-CoV-2 in deer (Nat Micro)
• Hybrid influenza virus and respiratory syncytial virus particles (Nat Micro)
• Letters read on TWiV 958
• Timestamps by Jolene. Thanks!

Dickson – Jazz Project: Vocals Best female vocalists: Ella Fitzgerald/Billie Holiday, Betty Carter Best Male Vocalists: Mel Tormé/Joe Williams/Tony Bennett Brianne – ASV Curriculum Guidelines for Virology Courses Kathy – The Snow Cruiser Alan – Rescuing bats in Ukraine Vincent – Woodpeckers: The Hole Story PBS

Florencia – World of Viruses Miguel – Foldscope

Intro music is by Ronald Jenkees Send your virology questions and comments to twiv@microbe.tv

In his weekly clinical update Dr. Griffin discusses human monkeypox virus infection in women and non-binary individuals during the 2022 outbreaks, changes in population immunity against infection and severe disease from SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variants in the United States, updates on COVID-19–related mortality, impact of community masking on COVID-19, effectiveness of the COVID-19 vaccines against hospitalization with Omicron sub-lineages BA.4 and BA.5 in England, cardiovascular outcomes after Tixagevimab and Cilgavimab use for pre-exposure prophylaxis against COVID-19, how Paxlovid is associated with decreased hospitalization rate among adults with COVID-19, inside the mind of an anti-paxxer, and angiotensin receptor blockers for the treatment of COVID-19.

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• Human monkeypox virus infection in women and non-binary individuals (The Lancet)
• Changes in population immunity against infection and severe disease from variants (Medrxiv)
• Updates on COVID-19 related mortality (CDC)
• Impact of community masking on COVID-19 (Science)
• Effectiveness of the COVID-19 vaccines against hospitalization (The Lancet)
• Cardiovascular outcomes after tixagevimab and cilgavimab use for pre-exposure prophylaxis (CID)
• Bebtelovimab fact sheet for providers (FDA)
• Paxlovid associated with decreased hospitalization among adults (CDC)
• Inside the mind of an Anti-Paxxer (The Atlantic)
• Paxlovid patient eligbiliity screening checklist (FDA)
• Angiotensin receptor blockers for the treatment of COVID-19 (BMJ)
• Long COVID treatment research study (Stanford)
• HHS long COVID study (pdf)
• Biden administration requests long COVID fu
• Contribute to our MicrobeTV fundraiser at PWB
• Dr. Griffin's treatment guide (pdf)
• Letters read on TWiV 957
• Timestamps by Jolene. Thanks!

Intro music is by Ronald Jenkees Send your questions for Dr. Griffin to daniel@microbe.tv

Cedric and John join TWiV to discuss their research showing that a human protein derived from an ancient retrovirus infection can protect against infection by other retroviruses.

Hosts: Vincent Racaniello, Rich Condit, and Kathy Spindler

Guest: Cedric Feschotte and John Anthony Frank

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• Support MicrobeTV with a Spike t-shirt (Vaccinated.us) with promo code MicrobeTV
• Cedric on TWiV 935
• Antiviral retroviral protein (Science)
• Stealing genes, facing consequences (Science)
• Letters read on TWiV 956
• Timestamps by Jolene. Thanks!

Kathy – Wastewater Dashboard Rich – Artemis I Mission; Artemis I launch; Artemis I Map Vincent – Pasta Grammar

Rich – Watch a virus in the moments before it attacks Justin – Respiratory syncytial virus

Intro music is by Ronald Jenkees Send your virology questions and comments to twiv@microbe.tv

In his weekly clinical update Dr. Griffin discusses the four things to know about RSV, the burden of respiratory syncytial virus in healthy term-born infants in Europe, the diagnostic accuracy of rapid diagnostic tests for Ebola virus disease, evaluating the accuracy of self-collected swabs for the diagnosis of monkeypox, tecovirimat is effective against human monkeypox virus in vitro at nanomolar concentrations, acute and postacute sequelae associated with SARS-CoV-2 reinfection, clinical course of SARS-CoV-2 infection and recovery in lung transplant recipients, effectiveness of a third BNT162b2 mRNA COVID-19 vaccination during pregnancy, maternal antibody response and transplacental transfer following SARS-CoV-2 infection or vaccination in pregnancy, impact of community masking on COVID-19, Lifting Universal Masking in Schools – Covid-19 Incidence among Students and Staff, systematic review of the clinical effectiveness of Tixagevimab/Cilgavimab for prophylaxis of COVID-19 in immunocompromised patients, comparative effectiveness of sotrovimab and molnupiravir for prevention of severe COVID-19 outcomes in patients in the community, early adoption of anti–SARS-CoV-2 pharmacotherapies among us veterans with mild to moderate COVID-19, evaluation of viral and symptom rebound differences between Paxlovid and untreated COVID-19 participants, monoclonal antibodies for treatment of SARS-CoV-2 infection during pregnancy, twice daily oral zinc in the treatment of patients with COVID-19, cognitive deficits in long Covid-19, severe Neuro-COVID is associated with peripheral immune signatures, autoimmunity and neurodegeneration, and long-lasting symptoms after an acute COVID-19 infection and factors associated with their resolution.

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• Four things to know about RSV (Gates Foundation)
• The burden of RSV in healthy term-born infants in Europe (The Lancet)
• Diagnostic accuracy of rapid tests for Ebola (CMI)
• Accuracy of self-collected swabs for diagnosis of Monkeypox (CID)
• Tecovirimat is effective against human monkeypox virus in vitro (Nature)
• Acute and postacute sequelae associated with SARS-CoV-2 reinfection (NatureMedicine)
• SARS-CoV-2 infection and recovery in lung transplant recipients (Transplant Infectious Diseases)
• Effectiveness of third COVID-19 vaccination during pregnancy (Nature Communications)
• Maternal antibody response and transplacental transfer following infection or vaccination (CID)
• Impact of community masking on COVID-19 (Science)
• Lifting universal masking in schools (NEJM)
• Bebtelovimab fact sheet for providers (FDA)
• Effectiveness of Tixagevimab/Cilgavimab for prophylaxis of COVID-19 (medRxiv)
• Effectiveness of Sotrovimab and Molnupiravir for prevention of severe COVID-19 outcomes (BMJ)
• Early adoption of Anti–SARS-CoV-2 pharmacotherapies among US veterans (JAMA)
• PAXLOVID patient eligibility screening checklist (FDA)
• Viral and symptom rebound differences between Paxlovid and untreated COVID-19 participants (medRxiv)
• Monoclonal antibodies for treatment of SARS-CoV-2 during pregnancy (Annals of Internal Medicine)
• Remdesivir fact sheet for providers (Veklury)
• Twice daily oral zinc in the treatment of patients with COVID-19 (CID)
• Cognitive deficits in long COVID-19 (NEJM)
• Severe Neuro-COVID associated with peripheral immune signatures, autoimmunity and neurodegeneration (Nature Communications)
• Long-lasting symptoms after an acute COVID-19 Infection (JAMA)
• Contribute to our MicrobeTV fundraiser at PWB
• Dr. Griffin's treatment guide (pdf)
• Letters read on TWiV 955
• Timestamps by Jolene. Thanks!

Intro music is by Ronald Jenkees Send your questions for Dr. Griffin to daniel@microbe.tv

Michael Letko joins TWiV to discuss his research on understanding cell receptors required for sarbecovirus entry, including an ACE2-dependent isolate from Russian bats that is resistant to vaccine-induced antibodies.

Hosts: Vincent Racaniello, Dickson Despommier, Rich Condit, Kathy Spindler, and Brianne Barker

Guest: Michael Letko

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• Support MicrobeTV with a Spike t-shirt (Vaccinated.us) with promo code MicrobeTV
• Cell entry of SARS-CoV-2 and other sarbecoviruses (Nat Micro)
• ACE2-dependent sarbecovirus in Russian bats (PLoS Path)
• Letters read on TWiV 954
• Timestamps by Jolene. Thanks!

Brianne – Sometimes This Octopus is So Mad it Just Wants to Throw Something or The Cosmic Bat Nebula Kathy – APODs Jupiter, Lunar Eclipse Blood Moon, Ice Giant Rich – Mirror-image T7 transcription of chirally inverted ribosomal and functional RNAs (Wiki: Mirror Life) Vincent – The 2022-2023 Respiratory Virus Season Hits Early and Hard: Part 1

Debby – Celebrate Bob McDonald's 30 years as host of Quirks & Quarks

Intro music is by Ronald Jenkees Send your virology questions and comments to twiv@microbe.tv

In his weekly clinical update Dr. Griffin discusses high demand for Amoxicillin causing shortages amid child RSV surge, epidemiologic and clinical features of children and adolescents aged

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• High demand for Amoxicillin causing shortages amid RSV surge (Washington Post)
• Epidemiologic and clinical features of children & adolescents with monkeypox (CDC)
• Low risk of SARS-Cov2 transmission by fomites (IDSA)
• Nucleocapsid Antigenemia Is a marker of acute SARS-CoV-2 Infection (JID)
• Impact of community masking on COVID-19 (Science)
• Remdesivir fact sheet for providers (Veklury)
• Protection against Omicron from vaccination & previous infection in prison system (NEJM)
• Nirmatrelvir and the risk of post-acute sequelae of COVID-19 (medRxiv)
• Bebtelovimab for high-risk outpatients with COVID-19 (OFID)
• Imprinted SARS-CoV-2 immunity induces convergent Omicron evolution (bioRxiv)
• PAXLOVID patient eligibility screening checklist (FDA)
• Can SARS-CoV-2 trigger new onset of autoimmune disease in adults? (Cell)
• Bebtelovimab fact sheet for providers (FDA)
• Modeling the effects of global vaccine sharing on the COVID-19 pandemic (Nature)
• Contribute to our MicrobeTV fundraiser at PWB
• Dr. Griffin's treatment guide (pdf)
• Letters read on TWiV 953
• Timestamps by Jolene. Thanks!

Intro music is by Ronald Jenkees Send your questions for Dr. Griffin to daniel@microbe.tv

Infectious Disease physician Jake Scott joins TWiV to provide a west coast clinical perspective on the evolution of the COVID-19 pandemic with respect to the impact of vaccines, antivirals, variants of concern and mortality.

Hosts: Vincent Racaniello, Alan Dove, Rich Condit, and Kathy Spindler

Guest: Jake Scott

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• Support MicrobeTV with a Spike t-shirt (Vaccinated.us) with promo code MicrobeTV
• Omicron variant reproduction ex vivo (Nature)
• Clinical outcomes with Omicron (Nat Med)
• Low neutralizing antibodies induced by bivalent booster (NEJM)
• Antibody responses to bivalent booster (bioRxiV)
• Spike T cell responses not enhanced by bivalent booster (Sci Immunol)
• Pandemic end will not be televised (BMJ)
• Conflation of infection and disease (Twitter)
• Timestamps by Jolene. Thanks!

Kathy – 10 moments for Jazz at Lincoln Center Orchestra Residency (Item 7) and Alan's pick from TWiV 931 The Kissing Bug by Daisy Hernandez Rich – Wilderness Safaris Photographic Competition 2022 Alan – Massachusetts Science Education Leadership Association, and the talk I gave to them last week Vincent – Andrea Camillieri and his protagonist Inspector Montalbano

Frank – Economics for the Future: Beyond the Superorganism Debby – As routine vaccination rates fall, polio survivor hopes her story reverses urgent trend

Intro music is by Ronald Jenkees Send your virology questions and comments to twiv@microbe.tv

In his weekly clinical update Dr. Griffin discusses Influenza incidence and vaccine effectiveness during the southern hemisphere influenza season in Chile, Nirsevimab for prevention of RSV infection in healthy late-preterm and term infants, severe Monkeypox in hospitalized patients, reinfections with different SARS-CoV-2 Omicron subvariants, impact of community masking on COVID-19 in Bangladesh, unadjuvanted intranasal spike vaccine elicits protective mucosal immunity against sarbecoviruses, antibody responses to Omicron BA.4/BA.5 bivalent mRNA vaccine booster shot, immunogenicity of bivalent mRNA vaccine boosters, long-term gastrointestinal sequelae following COVID-19, evaluation of an automated text message–based program to reduce use of acute health care resources after hospital discharge, and how in adults with COVID-19, melatonin was assessed for effects on inflammatory markers, clinical signs and symptoms, and mortality.

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• Influenza incidence and vaccine effectiveness (CDC)
• Nirsevimab for prevention of RSV (NEJM)
• Severe Monkeypox in hospitalized patients (CDC)
• Reinfections with different SARS-CoV-2 Omicron subvariants (CDC)
• Impact of community masking on COVID-19 (Science)
• Vaccine elicits protective immunity against sarbecoviruses (Science)
• Antibody responses to bivalent mRNA vaccine booster shot (Biorxiv)
• Immunogenicity of bivalent mRNA vaccine boosters (Biorxiv)
• Long-term gastrointestinal sequelae following COVID-19 (CGH)
• Remdesivir fact sheet for providers (Veklury)
• Bebtelovimab fact sheet for providers (FDA)
• Evaluation of an automated text message–based program (JAMA)
• Melatonin assessed for effects on inflammatory markers in COVID patients (Heliyon)
• PAXLOVID patient eligibility screening checklist (FDA)
• Contribute to our MicrobeTV fundraiser at PWB
• Dr. Griffin's treatment guide (pdf)
• Letters read on TWiV 951
• Timestamps by Jolene. Thanks!

Intro music is by Ronald Jenkees Send your questions for Dr. Griffin to daniel@microbe.tv

From the European Society for Clinical Virology 2022 Conference in Manchester UK, Vincent speaks with Richard Knight about prion diseases and the outbreak of bovine spongiform encephalitis that led to cases of variant Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease in humans.

Host: Vincent Racaniello

Guest: Richard Knight

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• National CJD Research and Surveillance Unit
• Clinical diagnosis of human prion disease (Prog Mol Biol Trans Sci)
• Variant Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (Handbook Clin Viral)
• Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (Adv Exp Med Biol)
• Timestamps by Jolene. Thanks!

Intro music is by Ronald Jenkees Send your virology questions and comments to twiv@microbe.tv

In his weekly clinical update Dr. Griffin discusses progress toward poliomyelitis eradication in Pakistan, polio by the numbers , influenza and COVID-19 vaccination coverage among health care personnel, phase 1/2a safety and immunogenicity of an adenovirus 26 vector RSV vaccine encoding prefusion F in adults 18–50 years and RSV seropositive children 12–24 months, receipt of first and second doses of JYNNEOS vaccine for prevention of Monkeypox, distinguishing SARS-CoV-2 persistence and reinfection, Novavax NVX-COV2373 triggers potent neutralization of Omicron sub-lineages, association between regular physical activity and the protective effect of vaccination against SARS-CoV-2 in a South African case, COVID-19 outcomes in solid organ transplant recipients who received Tixagevimab-cilgavimab Prophylaxis and/or Bebtelovimab treatment, Omicron sublineage BA.2.75.2 exhibits extensive escape from neutralizing antibodies, and Tocilizumab versus Baricitinib in hospitalized patients with severe COVID-19.

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• Progress toward Poliomyelitis eradication (CDC)
• Polio by the numbers (JID)
• Influenza & COVID-19 vaccination coverage among health care personnel (CDC)
• Phase 1/2a Safety & Immunogenicity of an adenovirus RSV Vaccine (JID)
• Receipt of first & second doses of JYNNEOS vaccine (CDC)
• Distinguishing SARS-CoV-2 persistence and reinfection (CID)
• Remdesivir fact sheet for providers (Veklury)
• Bebtelovimab fact sheet for providers (FDA)
• Novavax triggers potent neutralization of Omicron sub-lineages (bioRxiV)
• Association between physical activity & vaccination protective effect (BMJ)
• PAXLOVID patient eligibility screening checklist (FDA)
• COVID-19 outcomes in solid organ transplant recipients who received monoclonal antibodies (Transplantation)
• Omicron BA.2.75.2 exhibits escape from neutralizing antibodies (bioRxiV)
• Tocilizumab vs. Baricitinib in hospitalized patients with severe COVID-19 (CMI)
• Dr. Griffin's treatment guide (pdf)
• Contribute to Floating Doctors fundraiser at PWB
• Letters read on TWiV 949
• Timestamps by Jolene. Thanks!

Intro music is by Ronald Jenkees Send your questions for Dr. Griffin to daniel@microbe.tv

David Quammen returns to TWiV to discuss how he wrote his new book 'Breathless', a story about the science and the scientists behind the race to understand the pandemic coronavirus SARS-CoV-2.

Hosts: Vincent Racaniello, Rich Condit, Kathy Spindler, and Brianne Barker

Guest: David Quammen

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• Boston Quammens (TWiV 408)
• Breathless by David Quammen
• Spillover by David Quammen
• Song of the Dodo by David Quammen
• Timestamps by Jolene. Thanks!

David – Shepherd Brianne – Adventure Aquarium Kathy – DART results (Narrative, images) Rich – "Elementary" TV series Vincent – Stop passing the buck on intro science

Rich – Consensus

Intro music is by Ronald Jenkees Send your virology questions and comments to twiv@microbe.tv

In his weekly clinical update Dr. Griffin discusses the prediction of upcoming global infection burden of influenza seasons after relaxation of public health and social measures during the COVID-19 pandemic, severe COVID-19 outcomes after full vaccination of primary schedule and initial boosters, and how successful immunomodulators for treatment of COVID-19 have opened the pathway for comparative trials.

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• Support MicrobeTV with a Spike t-shirt at Vaccinated.US
• Prediction of upcoming global infection burden of Influenza (The LANCET)
• Severe COVID-19 outcomes after full vaccination (The LANCET)
• Successful immunomodulators for treatment of COVID-19 (CMI)
• Remdesivir fact sheet for providers (Veklury)
• Bebtelovimab fact sheet for providers (FDA)
• PAXLOVID patient eligibility screening checklist (FDA)
• Dr. Griffin's treatment guide (pdf)
• Contribute to Floating Doctors fundraiser at PWB
• Letters read on TWiV 947
• Timestamps by Jolene. Thanks!

Intro music is by Ronald Jenkees Send your questions for Dr. Griffin to daniel@microbe.tv

Angela Mingarelli joins TWiV to discuss whether the gut microbiota of bats confers tolerance to influenza virus infection in mice, and primate hemorrhagic fever-causing arteriviruses that can reproduce in human cells and might be capable of infecting humans.

Hosts: Vincent Racaniello, Dickson Despommier, Alan Dove, Rich Condit, and Brianne Barker

Guest: Angela Mingarelli

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• Research assistant position at FDA (pdf)
• Support MicrobeTV with a Spike t-shirt (Vaccinated.us)
• Bat gut microbiota and flu infection in mice (Transbound Emerg Dis)
• Primate hemorrhagic fever-causing arteriviruses (Cell)
• Timestamps by Jolene. Thanks!

Dickson – Jazz pics: #5. Small group. Art Blakey and the Jazz Messenger: Art Blakey, Drums; Lee Morgan, Trumpet; Benny Golson, Tenor saxophone; Bobby Timmons, Piano; Jymie Merrit, Bass (1958-1964). Signature album: Art Blakey And The Jazz Messengers: Blues March: Signature song: Blues March Brianne – Why Chimps and Gorillas Form Rainforest Friendships Rich – Fly Water – FPV to New Depths Alan – The Seven Words You Can't Say on Television, by George Carlin, and its repercussions Angela – Nature's Inspiring Women in Science Award Vincent – Mysteries of Nevada Barr and her protagonist Anna Pigeon

Intro music is by Ronald Jenkees Send your virology questions and comments to twiv@microbe.tv

In his weekly clinical update Dr. Griffin discusses a healthcare-associated infection with Monkeypox virus, air and surface sampling for monkeypox virus in a UK hospital, misrepresentation and nonadherence regarding COVID19 public health measures, tolerability and immunogenicity of an intranasally-administered adenovirus-vectored COVID-19 vaccine, clinical, virologic, and immunologic evaluation of symptomatic rebound following Nirmatrelvir/Ritonavir treatment, early outpatient treatment with Eemdesivir in patients at high risk for severe COVID-19, Molnupiravir plus usual care versus usual care alone as early treatment for adults with COVID-19 at increased risk of adverse outcomes, and outcomes among confirmed cases and a matched comparison group in the long-COVID in Scotland.

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• Research assistant position with Amy Rosenfeld (pdf)
• Support MicrobeTV with a Spike t-shirt at Vaccinated.US
• A healthcare-associated infection with monkeypox virus (OFID)
• Air and surface sampling for monkeypox virus (The Lancet)
• Misrepresentation & nonadherence in COVID-19 public health measures (JAMA)
• Tolerability and immunogenicity of a COVID-19 vaccine (The Lancet)
• PAXLOVID patient eligibility screening checklist (FDA)
• Evaluation of symptomatic disease rebound following PAXLOVID (CID)
• Outpatient treatment with Remdesivir in patients at high risk (OFID)
• Remdesivir fact sheet for providers (Veklury)
• Bebtelovimab fact sheet for providers (FDA)
• Molnupiravir as early treatment for adults with COVID-19 (SSRN)
• Outcomes among confirmed cases and matched comparison group in long-COVID (Nature)
• Dr. Griffin's treatment guide (pdf)
• Contribute to Floating Doctors fundraiser at PWB
• Letters read on TWiV 945
• Timestamps by Jolene. Thanks!

Intro music is by Ronald Jenkees Send your questions for Dr. Griffin to daniel@microbe.tv

Kathryn Hanley joins TWiV to discuss her career and the research in her laboratory on the molecular biology, evolution and ecology of emerging RNA viruses and their insect vectors.

Hosts: Vincent Racaniello, Rich Condit, and Kathy Spindler

Guest: Kathryn Hanley

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• Research assistant position at FDA (pdf)
• Support MicrobeTV with a Spike t-shirt (Vaccinated.us)
• One bite is all it takes (TWiV 587)
• CREATE-NEO
• Shifts in Borneo mosquito diversity (Ecosphere)
• VSV surveillance along Rio Grande (PLoS Path)
• Virulence a trade-off between transmission and clearance (Viruses)
• West Nile virus disease indicators (Viruses)
• Identify mosquito meals by barcoding (Trop Med Inf Dis)
• SkitoSnack (Sci Rep)
• Neal Nathanson dies (Baltimore Sun)
• VRR interview with Neal Nathanson (YouTube)
• Letters read on TWiV 944
• Timestamps by Jolene. Thanks!

Kathy – Car Talk Puzzler Archive Rich – The Molecular Biologist Who Exposed the Soviet Union" by Sean B. Carroll Vincent – NYU Chemistry prof fired because his course was too difficult

Jack – The Everything Virus

Intro music is by Ronald Jenkees Send your virology questions and comments to twiv@microbe.tv

In his weekly clinical update Dr. Griffin discusses high points of the multi-national monkeypox outbreaks, monkeypox virus genome mutations, possible occupational infection of healthcare workers with monkeypox virus, rates of monkeypox cases by vaccination status, protection of SARS-CoV-2 infection against reinfection, Paxlovid significantly reduces COVID-19 hospitalizations and deaths, and rebound in COVID19 with and without Paxlovid treatment.

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• Research assistant position with Amy Rosenfeld (pdf)
• Support MicrobeTV with a Spike t-shirt at Vaccinated.US
• Multi-National Monkeypox outbreak (CDC)
• Mutation of the Monkeypox Virus (Nature)
• Occupational infection of Healthcare workers with Monkeypox (CDC)
• Rates of Monkeypox cases by vaccination status (CDC)
• Protection of SARS-CoV-2 natural infection against reinfection (CMI)
• PAXLOVID patient eligibility screening checklist (FDA)
• Paxlovid reduces COVID19 hospitalizations & deaths (EPIC)
• Paxlovid rebound in COVID19 (NEJM)
• Remdesivir fact sheet for providers (Veklury)
• Bebtelovimab fact sheet for providers (FDA)
• Dr. Griffin's treatment guide (pdf)
• Contribute to Floating Doctors fundraiser at PWB
• Letters read on TWiV 943
• Timestamps by Jolene. Thanks!

Intro music is by Ronald Jenkees Send your questions for Dr. Griffin to daniel@microbe.tv

Laurie Garrett discusses the role of wastewater testing in public health and her idea of a device that could be used by anyone to analyze water samples.

This podcast is not an episode of TWiV, but I thought it would be of interest to listeners.

Laurie Garrett and Vincent Racaniello

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• Support MicrobeTV with a Spike t-shirt (Vaccinated.us)
• Coliform testing of water in Florida (YouTube)
• Declining cost of genome sequencing (Illumina)
• National wastewater surveillance system (CDC)
• Advances in detection of viruses in wastewater (Med Express)
• Wastewater monitoring comes of age (Nature)
• Monitoring monkeypox virus in wastewater (Med Express)
• Poliovirus wastewater surveillance in NY (Dept of Health)
• Wastewater surveillance in NYS (Dept of Health)
• Estimating norovirus infections through wastewater (Water Res)
• Estimating antimicrobial resistant bacteria through latrine water (Antimicro Res Inf Control)

Intro music is by Ronald Jenkees Send your questions and comments to twiv@microbe.tv

Paul Offit returns to TWiV for a discussion of SARS-CoV-2 bivalent boosters containing ancestral and Omicron spike mRNAs, including their composition, why they are being recommended by CDC, and who would benefit the most from them.

Hosts: Vincent Racaniello, Dickson Despommier, Rich Condit, Kathy Spindler, and Brianne Barker

Guest: Paul Offit

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• Research assistant position at FDA (pdf)
• Support MicrobeTV with a Spike t-shirt (Vaccinated.us)
• CDC oversells bivalent booster (Wall St Journal)
• FDA authorizes bivalent COVID-19 booster
• Letters read on TWiV 942
• Timestamps by Jolene. Thanks!

Dickson – Jazz favorites: Small group #4: Gerry Mulligan Quartet with Chet Baker: Gerry Mulligan, Baritone saxophone; Carson Smith, Bass; Larry Bunker, Drums, Chet Baker, Trumpet. Signature album: The Best Of The Gerry Mulligan Quartet With Chet Baker: Signature song: My Funny Valentine.

Second pick: Wonder: Childhood and the Lifelong love of Science. Frank C. Keil.

Brianne – A Devious Cellular Trick Cancers Can Use to Escape Your Immune System Kathy – Durable antimicrobial coating Rich – One Health Vincent – The works of Dashiell Hammett

Intro music is by Ronald Jenkees Send your virology questions and comments to twiv@microbe.tv

In his weekly clinical update Dr. Griffin discusses increased acute respiratory illnesses among children and adolescents, estimates of monkeypox incubation period, generation time, and reproduction number, rapid increase in suspected SARS-CoV-2 reinfections, interim infection prevention and control recommendations for healthcare personnel during COVID-19, SARS-CoV-2 secondary attack rates in vaccinated and unvaccinated household contacts during replacement of delta with omicron variant, breakthrough infection by SARS-CoV-2 delta and omicron variants elicited immune response comparable to mRNA booster vaccination, interval between prior SARS-CoV-2 infection and booster vaccination impacts magnitude and quality of antibody and B cell responses, further humoral immunity evasion of emerging SARS-CoV-2 BA.4 and BA.5 subvariants, short-course early outpatient Remdesivir prevents severe disease due to COVID-19 in organ transplant recipients during the Omicron BA.2 wave, effectiveness of Molnupiravir in high risk patients, and primary care and a distinct symptom pattern for long COVID.

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Become a patron of TWiV!

• Research assistant position with Amy Rosenfeld (pdf)
• Support MicrobeTV with a Spike t-shirt at Vaccinated.US
• Increase in Acute Respiratory illnesses among children and adolescents (CDC)
• Estimates of Monkeypox incubation period, generation time, reproduction number (CDC)
• Rapid increase in suspected SARS-CoV-2 reinfections (CDC)
• Infection prevention and control recommendations for healthcare providers (CDC)
• SARS-CoV-2 attack rate in vaccinated and unvaccinated household contacts (CDC)
• Breakthrough Infection by variants elicited immune response comparable to vaccine (JID)
• Interval between prior SARS-CoV-2 infection and booster vaccination impacts (CELL)
• Humoral immunity evasion of BA.4 and BA.5 subvariants (The Lancet)
• Outpatient Remdesivir prevents severe disease in organ transplant recipients (Am J Transplant)
• PAXLOVID patient eligibility screening checklist (FDA)
• Remdesivir fact sheet for providers (Veklury)
• Bebtelovimab fact sheet for providers (FDA)
• Effectiveness of Molnupiravir in high risk patients (CID)
• Update on Long COVID for primary care (BMJ)
• Distinct symptom pattern emerges for COVID-19 long-haul (Scientific Reports)
• Dr. Griffin's treatment guide (pdf)
• Contribute to Floating Doctors fundraiser at PWB
• Letters read on TWiV 941
• Timestamps by Jolene. Thanks!

Intro music is by Ronald Jenkees Send your questions for Dr. Griffin to daniel@microbe.tv

Eddie Holmes joins TWiV to discuss his role in the first release of the SARS-CoV-2 genome sequence, what really happened during the infamous Fauci teleconference, and evidence that the virus came from Nature and not from a lab.

Hosts: Vincent Racaniello and Dickson Despommier

Guest: Eddie Holmes

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Become a patron of TWiV!

• Research assistant position at FDA (pdf)
• Support MicrobeTV with a Spike t-shirt (Vaccinated.us)
• Novel 2019 coronavirus genome (Virological)
• Proximal origins of SARS-CoV-2 (Virological and Nature versions)
• Original paper on new CoV in China that led to genome sequence release (Nature)
• Reporting on Fauci teleconference (USA Today)
• Timestamps by Jolene. Thanks!

Intro music is by Ronald Jenkees Send your virology questions and comments to twiv@microbe.tv

Tom Monath joins TWiV to discuss his wide-ranging career that includes medicine, field work and vaccine development while working for the US government, the US military, and multiple biotechnology companies.

Hosts: Vincent Racaniello, Dickson Despommier, Alan Dove, and Rich Condit

Guest: Tom Monath

Subscribe (free): Apple Podcasts, Google Podcasts, RSS, email

Become a patron of TWiV!

• Research assistant position at FDA (pdf)
• Support MicrobeTV with a Spike t-shirt (Vaccinated.us)
• Fever by John Fuller (Amazon)
• Crozet BioPharma
• Timestamps by Jolene. Thanks!

Dickson – Jazz – Small Group #3: Dave Brubeck Quartet. Dave Brubeck, Piano; Joe Morello, Drums, Paul Desmond, Alto Saxophone, Eugene Wright, Bass: Signature Album: Time Out. Signature Song: Take Five. Rich – Wilderness Safaris (wiki) Alan – Madhouse at the End of the Earth, by Julian Sancton Vincent – Raymond Chandler and his protagonist Philip Marlowe.

Philip – Students bitten by bats inside college residence hall

Intro music is by Ronald Jenkees Send your virology questions and comments to twiv@microbe.tv

In his weekly clinical update Dr. Griffin reviews the public health response to poliovirus in New York, impact of mandatory influenza vaccination, monkeypox in a young infant, health care worker exposure to monkeypox virus, monkeypox testing delays, transmission potential of monkeypox virus, TPOXX trial for monkeypox, detection of SARS-CoV-2 subgenomic mRNA, mucosal IgA against SARS-CoV-2, BNT262b2 against Omicron, awareness and use of SARS-CoV-2 antivirals, comparable outcomes for Bebtelovimab and Nirmatrelvir, and COVID-19 and Alzheimer's disease.

Subscribe (free): Apple Podcasts, Google Podcasts, RSS, email

Become a patron of TWiV!

• Support MicrobeTV with a Spike t-shirt at Vaccinated.US
• Research assistant position with Amy Rosenfeld (pdf)
• Public health response to polio in New York (MMWR)
• Impact of mandatory influenza vaccination (Cambridge Core)
• Monkeypox in young infant (MMWR)
• Health care worker exposure to monkeypox virus (MMWR)
• Monkeypox testing delays (Cambridge Core)
• Monkeypox in smallpox vaccinated patient (Emerg Inf Dis)
• Transmission potential of monkeypox virus (Int J Epidemiol)
• TPOXX trial for monkeypox (ACTG)
• SARS-CoV-2 subgenomic mRNA detection (J Inf Dis)
• Quantitative SARS-CoV-2 subgenomic mRNA for Remdesivir treatment (Clin Inf Dis)
• Anti-spike mucosal IgA (NEJM)
• BNT262bs against Omicron sublineages (NEJM)
• Awareness and use of SARS-CoV-2 antivirals (Clin Inf Dis)
• Comparable outcomes for Bebtelovimab and Nirmatrelvir treatment (J Inf Dis)
• COVID-19 and Alzheimer's disease (J Alzheimer's Dis)
• Dr. Griffin's treatment guide (pdf)
• Contribute to Floating Doctors fundraiser at PWB
• Letters read on TWiV 938
• Timestamps by Jolene. Thanks!

Intro music is by Ronald Jenkees Send your questions for Dr. Griffin to daniel@microbe.tv

From the European Society for Clinical Virology 2022 Conference in Manchester UK, Vincent speaks with Emma Thomson about the recent outbreak of pediatric hepatitis of unknown etiology and the finding that it is linked to infection by adenovirus-associated virus 2.

Hosts: Vincent Racaniello

Guest: Emma Thomson

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• Thomson laboratory
• Emma on TWiV 188 and TWiV 341
• AAV2-associated pediatric hepatitis (bioRxiv)
• Timestamps by Jolene. Thanks!

Intro music is by Ronald Jenkees Send your virology questions and comments to twiv@microbe.tv

In his weekly clinical update Dr. Griffin discusses detection of a highly divergent type 3 vaccine-derived poliovirus in a child with a severe primary immunodeficiency disorder, severe respiratory illnesses associated with rhinoviruses and/or enteroviruses including EV-D68, effects of vaccination and previous infection on Omicron infections in children, COVID-19-associated hospitalizations among vaccinated and unvaccinated adults 18 years or older in 13 US states, effectiveness of COVID-19 vaccines over time prior to Omicron emergence in Ontario, Canada, nasal IgA wanes 9 months after hospitalization with COVID-19 and is not induced by subsequent vaccination, resistance of SARS-CoV-2 Omicron subvariant BA.4.6 to antibody neutralization, persistent circulating SARS-CoV-2 spike associated with post-acute COVID-19 sequelae, and impact of COVID-19 vaccination on the risk of developing long-covid and on existing long-covid symptoms.

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Become a patron of TWiV!

• Detection of poliovirus in immunosuppressed child (CDC)
• Severe respiratory illnesses associated with rhinoviruses and/or enteroviruses (CDC)
• Effects of vaccination and previous Omicron infection in children (NEJM)
• COVID-19 hospitalizations among vaccinated and unvaccinated adults (JAMA)
• Effectiveness of vaccines prior to Omicron (IDSA)
• Nasal iga wanes 9 months after COVID hospitalization (medRxiv)
• Resistance of Omicron subvariant to antibody neutralization (BioRxiv)
• PAXLOVID patient eligibility screening checklist (FDA)
• Remdesivir fact sheet for providers (Veklury)
• Bebtelovimab fact sheet for providers (FDA)
• SARS-CoV-2 spike is associated with post-acute sequelae (IDSA)
• Impact of vaccination on the risk of developing long-COVID (The Lancet)
• Contribute to Floating Doctors fundraiser at PWB
• Dr. Griffin's treatment guide (pdf)
• Letters read on TWiV 936
• Timestamps by Jolene. Thanks!

Intro music is by Ronald Jenkees Send your questions for Dr. Griffin to daniel@microbe.tv