This Week in Virology

In his weekly clinical update, Dr. Griffin discusses predicting COVID-19 incidence using wastewater surveillance data, use of wastewater metrics to track COVID-19 in the US, wastewater-based epidemiology predicts COVID-19-induced weekly new hospital admissions in over 150 USA counties, association between duration of SARS-CoV-2 positivity and long COVID, rapid direct detection of SARS-CoV-2 aerosols in exhaled breath at the point of care, effectiveness of oral Nirmatrelvir/Ritonavir vs. intravenous three-day Remdesivir in preventing progression to severe COVID-19, NIH launching of several phase 2 long-COVID treatment trials.

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• Predicting COVID-19 incidence using wastewater surveillance data (CDC)
• Use of wastewater metrics to track COVID-19 in the US (JAMA)
• Wastewater-based epidemiology predicts COVID-19-induced new hospital admissions (Nature)
• Association between duration of SARS-CoV-2 positivity and long COVID (JID)
• Rapid direct detection of SARS-CoV-2 aerosols in exhaled breath at the point of care (ACS)
• Effectiveness of oral Nirmatrelvir/Ritonavir vs. intravenous three-day Remdesivir in preventing COVID-19 progression (Viruses)
• NIH has launched several phase 2 long-COVID treatment trials (NIH)
• Fatigue can shatter a person (Atlantic)
• Contribute to our Floating Doctors fundraiser at PWB
• Letters read on TWiV 1032
• Dr. Griffin's COVID treatment summary (pdf)
• Timestamps by Jolene. Thanks!

Intro music is by Ronald Jenkees

Send your questions for Dr. Griffin to daniel@microbe.tv

TWiV notes the passing of virologist Michael BA Oldstone, a study to assess the performance of rapid antigen tests to detect symptomatic and asymptomatic SARS-CoV-2 infection, and the presence of antibodies to type I interferons in ~40% of patients with West Nile virus encephalitis.

Hosts: Vincent Racaniello, Rich Condit, and Alan Dove

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• MicrobeTV Discord Server
• MicrobeTV store at Cafepress
• Position in Rosenfeld Laboratory (pdf)
• XKCD on antivaxxers
• RFK Jr. CDC or FDA head? (Politico)
• Performance of rapid antigen tests (Ann Int Med)
• Guidance on rapid antigen tests (FDA)
• Autoantibodies to IFN in West Nile virus encephalitis (JEM)
• Letters read on TWiV 1031
• Timestamps by Jolene. Thanks!

Rich – The Final Covid-19 Grand Rounds: What Have We Learned? Alan – Teaching biology to Tibetan Buddhist monks Vincent – I got it from Agnes by Tom Lehrer and Why Oppenheimer has important lessons for scientists today

Ryan – Paul Offit on PBS Newshour to explain RFK Jr.'s Congressional Hearing

Intro music is by Ronald Jenkees

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In his weekly clinical update, Dr. Griffin discusses the use of RSV vaccines in older adults: recommendations of the advisory committee on immunization practices, case report of leprosy in Central Florida, blood group A enhances SARS-CoV-2 infection, predicting COVID-19 incidence using wastewater surveillance data, a common allele of HLA associated with asymptomatic SARS-CoV-2 infection, prevalence of low-frequency, antiviral resistance variants in SARS-CoV-2 isolates in Ontario, Canada, viral resistance analyses from the Remdesivir phase 3 adaptive COVID-19 treatment trial-1, impact of Molnupiravir treatment on patient-reported COVID-19 symptoms in the phase 3 move-out trial, Molnupiravir for treatment of adults with mild or moderate COVID-19, delayed intubation associated with in-hospital mortality in patients with COVID-19 respiratory failure who fail heated and humified high flow nasal canula, relationship between azithromycin and cardiovascular outcomes in unvaccinated patients with COVID‐19 and preexisting cardiovascular disease, and the effects of COVID-19 on cognitive performance in a community-based cohort, clinical phenotypes and quality of life to define post-COVID-19 syndrome.

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• Use of RSV vaccines in older adults (CDC)
• Case report of leprosy in Central Florida (EID)
• Blood group A enhances SARS-CoV-2 infection (Blood)
• Predicting COVID-19 incidence using wastewater surveillance data (EID)
• Common allele of HLA associated with asymptomatic SARS-CoV-2 infection (Nature)
• Prevalence of low-frequency antiviral resistance variants in SARS-CoV-2 isolates (JAMA)
• Viral resistance analyses from the Remdesivir phase 3 treatment trial (JID)
• Impact of Molnupiravir treatment on patient-reported COVID-19 symptoms (CID)
• Molnupiravir for treatment of adults with mild or moderate COVID-19 (CMI)
• Delayed intubation associated with in-hospital mortality in patients with COVID-19 (BMC)
• Relationship between Azithromycin and cardiovascular outcomes in unvaccinated patients with COVID‐19 (JAHA)
• The effects of COVID-19 on cognitive performance in a community-based cohort (eClinical)
• Clinical phenotypes and quality of life to define post-COVID-19 syndrome (eClinical)
• Contribute to our FIMRC fundraiser at PWB
• Letters read on TWiV 1030
• Dr. Griffin's COVID treatment summary (pdf)
• Timestamps by Jolene. Thanks!

Intro music is by Ronald Jenkees

Send your questions for Dr. Griffin to daniel@microbe.tv

David Tuller returns to TWiV to provide an update on ME/CFS, the PACE trial, developments related to the NICE guidelines, and how similar practices and ideologies are being applied to long COVID.

Host: Vincent Racaniello

Guest: David Tuller

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• MicrobeTV Discord Server
• David Tuller at virology blog
• CFS, a long tangled tale (virology blog)
• Request for Correction of Prevalence Rates Cited in FND Paper (virology blog)
• Estimates of long COVID prevalence (virology blog)
• Timestamps by Jolene. Thanks!

Intro music is by Ronald Jenkees

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TWiV reviews approvals of the first gene therapy for severe hemophilia A in adults and a monoclonal antibody to prevent RSV respiratory disease in babies and toddlers, and a common allele of HLA that mediates asymptomatic SARS-CoV-2 infection through pre-existing T cell immunity due to previous exposure to common cold coronaviruses.

Hosts: Vincent Racaniello, Dickson Despommier, Alan Dove, Kathy Spindler, and Brianne Barker

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• MicrobeTV Discord Server
• First gene therapy for hemophilia A approved (FDA)
• Luxurna, gene therapy for vision loss (FDA)
• Anti-RSV monoclonal antibody approved (FDA)
• Trial of single-dose Nirsevimab (NEJM)
• Letters read on TWiV 1028
• Timestamps by Jolene. Thanks!

Dickson – Phoenix hits 110 degrees for the 19th day in a row, setting national record Brianne – James Webb Telescope One Year Anniversary Photo Kathy – Drone awards photos Alan – WHO Film Festival winners Vincent – Thinking, Fast and Slow by Daniel Kahneman

David – The Mass Extinction Debates: A Science Communication Odyssey

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In his weekly clinical update, Dr. Griffin discusses the transmission of SARS-CoV-2 in free-ranging white-tailed deer in the United States, Omicron subvariant BA.5 efficiently infects lung cells, COVID-19 scent dog research highlights and synthesis during the pandemic of December 2019, T-Cell Immunity against SARS-CoV-2 measured by an interferon-γ release assay is strongly associated with patient outcomes in vaccinated persons hospitalized with Delta or Omicron variants, a common allele of HLA is associated with asymptomatic SARS-CoV-2 infection, and the immunology of long COVID.

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• Transmission of SARS-CoV-2 in white-tailed deer in the United States (Nature)
• Omicron subvariant BA.5 efficiently infects lung cells (Nature)
• COVID-19 scent dog research highlights during the pandemic of December 2019 (JOM)
• T-Cell Immunity against SARS-CoV-2 measured by an interferon-γ release assay is strongly associated with patient outcomes (JID)
• Common allele of HLA is associated with asymptomatic SARS-CoV-2 infection (Naure)
• Immunology of long COVID (Nature)
• Contribute to our FIMRC fundraiser at PWB
• Letters read on TWiV 1027
• Dr. Griffin's COVID treatment summary (pdf)
• Timestamps by Jolene. Thanks!

Intro music is by Ronald Jenkees

Send your questions for Dr. Griffin to daniel@microbe.tv

Dan Wilson returns to TWiV to debunk vaccine misinformation by RFK Jr. during his recent appearance on the Joe Rogan Experience.

Guest: Dan Wilson

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• MicrobeTV Discord Server
• Joe Rogan's worst misinformation yet, with RFK Jr. (YouTube)
• Every first vaccine has been tested in placebo-controlled trials before going to market.
  • Polio
  • Measles
  • HPV
  • COVID-19
  • HepB
  • Haemophilus influenzae B
  • Pertussis
  • Diphtheria
  • Tetanus
  • Pneumococcal
  • Mumps
  • Meningococcal
  • Chickenpox
  • HepA
• KiGGS Study results on atopic diseases after vaccination (Vaccine)
• Vaccine history by year (CHOP)
• Financing vaccines in the 21st Century (Nat Acad Press)
• DALY rates from non-communicable diseases (Our World in Data)
• Science loses one to creationism (WaPo)
• Children's Health Defense (Wikipedia)
• COVID-19 vaccines saved 3 million US lives (CIDRAP)
• Beyond the Noise with Paul Offit (YouTube)
• Letters read on TWiV 1026
• Timestamps by Jolene. Thanks!

Dickson – Jazz G.O.A.T.S – Louis Armstrong, Duke Ellington, Ella Fitzgerald Brianne – Defining the Anthropocene? Kathy – How to use your thermostat on A/C Rich – Star Trek: Strange New Worlds Vincent – Step Aside, Joe Biden

Kim – Virus found in a boreal lake links ssDNA and dsDNA viruses and Structure of ssDNA bacteriophage ΦCjT23 provides insight into early virus evolution

Intro music is by Ronald Jenkees

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In his weekly clinical update, Dr. Griffin discusses the new risk assessment for the H5N1 avian flu viruses, the development of monoclonal antibody-based blocking ELISA for detecting SARS-CoV-2 exposure in animals, repeated antibiotic exposure and risk of hospitalization and death following COVID-19 infection, COVID-19 rebound study: a prospective cohort study to evaluate viral and symptom rebound differences in participants treated with Nirmatrelvir plus Ritonavir versus untreated controls, exaggerated blood pressure elevation in response to orthostatic challenge a post-acute sequelae of SARS-CoV-2 infection (PASC) after hospitalization, long term follow-up of a multicenter cohort of COVID-19 patients with pulmonary embolism, and risk of cardiovascular disease after COVID‐19 diagnosis among adults with and without diabetes.

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• New risk assessment for H5N1 avian flu viruses (CDC)
• Development of monoclonal antibody-based blocking ELISA for detecting SARS-CoV-2 exposure (Virology)
• Repeated antibiotic exposure and risk of hospitalization and death following COVID-19 infection (eClinicalMedicine)
• COVID-19 Rebound Study (CID)
• Exaggerated blood pressure elevation in response to orthostatic challenge (AN)
• Long term follow-up of a multicenter cohort of COVID-19 patients with pulmonary embolism (TR)
• Risk of Cardiovascular disease after COVID‐19 diagnosis among adults with and without Diabetes (JAHA)
• Contribute to our FIMRC fundraiser at PWB
• Letters read on TWiV 1025
• Dr. Griffin's COVID treatment summary (pdf)
• Timestamps by Jolene. Thanks!

Intro music is by Ronald Jenkees

Send your questions for Dr. Griffin to daniel@microbe.tv

Vincent speaks with Kostya Chumakov about his career: raised by two virology parents in Moscow, trained in virology by Vadim Agol, then moving to the US FDA where he developed a molecular test for measuring production consistency of oral poliovirus vaccine.

Guest: Kostya Chumakov

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• MicrobeTV Discord Server
• Mikhail Chumakov (Wikipedia)
• MAPREC (WHO pdf)
• Kostya Chumakov Symposium (YouTube)
• Maprec and monkey neurovirulence of OPV (PNAS)
• Timestamps by Jolene. Thanks!

Intro music is by Ronald Jenkees

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Katherine joins TWiV to discuss her career in science writing, from not liking science at all, to a PhD in microbiology and immunology, and writing for Nova, the NY Times, and The Atlantic, and how the COVID-19 pandemic has impacted her craft.

Host: Vincent Racaniello, Kathy Spindler, and Brianne Barker

Guest: Katherine Wu

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• MicrobeTV Discord Server
• All Katherine's articles at The Atlantic
• Vaccines still blocking severe disease (The Atlantic)
• Calling Omicron mild is wishful thinking (The Atlantic)
• Tattoos do odd things to the immune system (The Atlantic)
• The Story Collider
• Timestamps by Jolene. Thanks!

Brianne- Maropeng caves and Finding Homo naledi Kathy – Being Mary Tyler Moore Vincent – Google Isn't Grad School

John – A new study found people are terrible at sitting alone with their thoughts. Alan – What if all viruses vanished?

Intro music is by Ronald Jenkees

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In his weekly clinical update, Dr. Griffin discusses autochthonous leprosy in the United States, a systematic review to identify novel clinical characteristics of Mpox virus infection and therapeutic and preventive strategies to combat the virus, two-year duration of immunity of inactivated poliovirus vaccine, evaluation of novel oral polio vaccine type 2 SIA impact in a large outbreak of circulating vaccine-derived poliovirus in Nigeria, performance of rapid antigen tests to detect symptomatic and asymptomatic SARS-CoV-2 Infection, effectiveness of the COVID-19 bivalent vaccine, oral Nirmatrelvir and Ritonavir for COVID-19 in vaccinated, non-hospitalized adults ages 18-50 years, genome-wide association study of long COVID, vaccination ameliorates cellular inflammatory responses in SARS-CoV-2 breakthrough infections, and high incidence of autonomic dysfunction and postural orthostatic tachycardia syndrome in patients with long-COVID.

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• Autochthonous leprosy in the United States (NEJM)
• Systematic review to identify novel clinical characteristics of Monkeypox (Archives of Virology)
• Two-year duration of immunity of inactivated poliovirus vaccine (JID)
• Evaluation of novel oral polio vaccine type 2 SIA impact in a outbreak of vaccine-derived poliovirus in Nigeria (IDSA)
• Performance of rapid antigen tests to detect symptomatic and asymptomatic SARS-CoV-2 (AIM)
• Effectiveness of the COVID-19 bivalent vaccine (OFID)
• Oral Nirmatrelvir and Ritonavir for COVID-19 in vaccinated, non-hospitalized adults (CID)
• Genome-wide association study of long COVID (medRxiv)
• Vaccination ameliorates cellular inflammatory responses in SARS-CoV-2 breakthrough infections (JID)
• High incidence of autonomic dysfunction and postural orthostatic tachycardia syndrome in patients with long-COVID (AJM)
• Contribute to our FIMRC fundraiser at PWB
• Letters read on TWiV 1022
• Dr. Griffin's COVID treatment summary (pdf)
• Timestamps by Jolene. Thanks!

Intro music is by Ronald Jenkees

Send your questions for Dr. Griffin to daniel@microbe.tv

From ASV 2023 in Athens, Georgia, Vincent, Kathy and Brianne speak with Trevord Bedford about his career, the development of Nextstrain.org for real-time tracking of pathogen evolution, and evolution of SARS-CoV-2 from January 2020 through Omicron.

Host: Vincent Racaniello, Kathy Spindler, and Brianne Barker

Guest: Trevor Bedford

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• MicrobeTV Discord Server
• Nextstrain
• Household influenza testing (Influenza Other Resp Viruses)
• SARS-CoV-2 outbreak Washington (Sci Transl Med)
• SARS-CoV-2 surveillance, Washington (Emerg Inf Dis)
• S1 changes drive SARS-CoV-2 clade success (Cell Host Micro)
• Timestamps by Jolene. Thanks!

Intro music is by Ronald Jenkees

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In his weekly clinical update, Dr. Griffin discusses guidance on measles during the summer travel season, the Infectious Diseases Society of America guidelines on the diagnosis of COVID-19: antigen testing, SARS-CoV-2 variants and age-dependent infection rates among household and nonhousehold contacts, effect of COVID-19 vaccination on household transmission of SARS-COV-2 in the Omicron era, incidence of myopericarditis after mRNA COVID-19 vaccination, intrinsic and effective severity of COVID-19 cases infected with the ancestral strain and Omicron BA.2 variant in Hong Kong, safety, immunogenicity and protection of heterologous boost with an aerosolized Ad5-nCoV after two-dose inactivated COVID-19 vaccines in adults, awake prone positioning for non-intubated patients with COVID-19-related acute hypoxic respiratory failure, melatonin effects on sleep quality of COVID-19 patients, female reproductive health impacts of Long COVID and associated illnesses including ME/CFS, POTS, and connective tissue disorders, and incident autoimmune diseases in association with SARS-CoV-2 infection.

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• Guidance on measles during the summer travel season (CDC)
• Infectious Diseases Society of America guidelines on the diagnosis of COVID-19 (CID)
• SARS-CoV-2 variants and infection rates among household and nonhousehold contacts (CDC)
• Effect of COVID-19 vaccination on household transmission of SARS-CoV-2 in the Omicron era (IJID)
• Incidence of myopericarditis after mRNA COVID-19 vaccination (Science Direct)
• Intrinsic and effective severity of COVID-19 cases infected with the ancestral strain and Omicron BA.2 variant (JID)
• Safety, immunogenicity and protection of heterologous boost with Ad5-nCoV after two-dose inactivated COVID-19 vaccines (The Lancet)
• Awake prone positioning for non-intubated patients with COVID-19-related acute hypoxic respiratory failure (BMC)
• Melatonin effects on sleep quality of COVID-19 patients (BMJ)
• Female reproductive health impacts of Long COVID and associated illnesses (FRS)
• Incident autoimmune diseases in association with SARS-CoV-2 infection (CR)
• Contribute to our FIMRC fundraiser at PWB
• Letters read on TWiV 1020
• Dr. Griffin's COVID treatment summary (pdf)
• Timestamps by Jolene. Thanks!

Intro music is by Ronald Jenkees

Send your questions for Dr. Griffin to daniel@microbe.tv

From ASM Microbe in Houston, Texas, Vincent speaks with Eddie Holmes about the evidence that SARS-CoV-2 spilled over into humans in the Huanan Market in Wuhan, absence of evidence for other origins, and his work on the virosphere.

Host: Vincent Racaniello

Guest: Eddie Holmes

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• MicrobeTV Discord Server
• Huanan Seafood Market early COVID-19 epicenter (Science)
• SARSr-CoV-2 in Malayan Pangolins (PLoS Path)
• Zoonotic risk of farmed animals (Cell)
• Virusea at bat-tick interface (Microb Genom)
• Influenza H3N8 virus in southern China (J Virol)
• Timestamps by Jolene. Thanks!

Intro music is by Ronald Jenkees

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In his weekly clinical update, Dr. Griffin discusses the CDC vaccine advisory group recommending the newly approved RSV vaccines, association of culturable-virus detection and household transmission of SARS-CoV-2, prevention of COVID-19 following a single intramuscular administration of Adintrevimab, real-world effectiveness of Nirmatrelvir/Ritonavir on COVID-19, and COVID-19 convalescent plasma outpatient therapy to prevent outpatient hospitalization.

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• CDC vaccine advisory group recommends RSV vaccines
• Association of culturable-virus detection and household transmission of SARS-CoV-2 (JID)
• Prevention of COVID-19 following intramuscular administration of Adintrevimab (OFID)
• Real-world effectiveness of Nirmatrelvir/Ritonavir on COVID-19 (CID)
• COVID-19 convalescent plasma outpatient therapy to prevent hospitalization (CID)
• Contribute to our FIMRC fundraiser at PWB
• Letters read on TWiV 1018
• Dr. Griffin's COVID treatment summary (pdf)
• Timestamps by Jolene. Thanks!

Intro music is by Ronald Jenkees

Send your questions for Dr. Griffin to daniel@microbe.tv

Vincent travels to the University of Pennsylvania to meet up with Susan, Rick, Gigi and David to discuss the origin of SARS-CoV-2, how the FBI might have reached its conclusion on the matter, and public and political perception of scientific risk.

Host: Vincent Racaniello

Guests: Susan Weiss, Rick Bushman, Gigi Gronvall, and David Joanson

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• MicrobeTV Discord Server
• Huanan Seafood Market early COVID-19 epicenter (Science)
• Spillover market with Michael Worobey (TWiV 876)
• Unclassified intelligence on SARS-CoV-2 origins (IC)
• Conspiracy theories about COVID-19 (Foreign Policy)
• COVID-19 not from lab leak (Globe and Mail)
• Timestamps by Jolene. Thanks!

Intro music is by Ronald Jenkees

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In his weekly clinical update, Dr. Griffin discusses surveillance to track progress toward poliomyelitis eradication, genetic stabilization of attenuated oral vaccines against poliovirus types 1 and 3, evaluation of Oseltamivir used to prevent hospitalization in outpatients with Influenza, viral emissions into the air and environment after SARS-CoV-2 human challenge, has COVID-19 threatened routine childhood vaccination, successful treatment of persistent symptomatic COVID-19 infection with extended duration Nirmatrelvir/Ritonavir, anemia as a risk factor for disease progression in patients admitted for COVID-19, impact of fatigue as the primary determinant of functional limitations among patients with post-COVID-19 syndrome, post-COVID condition in patients with inflammatory rheumatic diseases, outpatient treatment of COVID-19 and incidence of post-COVID-19 condition over 10 months, metformin reduces SARS-CoV-2 in a Phase 3 randomized placebo controlled clinical trial, persistent serum protein signatures define an inflammatory subcategory of long COVID, and the relevance of pacing strategies in managing symptoms of post-COVID-19 syndrome.

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• Surveillance to track progress toward poliomyelitis eradication (CDC)
• Genetic stabilization of attenuated oral vaccines against poliovirus types 1 and 3 (Nature)
• Evaluation of Oseltamivir to prevent hospitalization in outpatients with Influenza (JAMA)
• Viral emissions into air and environment after SARS-CoV-2 human challenge (The Lancet)
• Has COVID-19 threatened routine childhood vaccination (Health Affairs)
• Successful treatment of COVID-19 with extended duration Nirmatrelvir/Ritonavir (OFID)
• Anemia as a risk factor for disease progression in patients admitted for COVID-19 (Nature)
• Impact of fatigue as the determinant of functional limitations among patients with post-COVID-19 syndrome (BMJ)
• Post-COVID condition in patients with inflammatory rheumatic diseases (The Lancet)
• Outpatient treatment of COVID-19 and incidence of post-COVID-19 condition (The Lancet)
• Metformin reduces SARS-CoV-2 in a Phase 3 placebo controlled clinical trial (MedRxiv)
• Persistent serum protein define an inflammatory subcategory of long COVID (Nature)
• Relevance of pacing strategies in managing symptoms of post-COVID-19 syndrome (JTM)
• Contribute to our FIMRC fundraiser at PWB
• Letters read on TWiV 1016
• Dr. Griffin's COVID treatment summary (pdf)
• Timestamps by Jolene. Thanks!

Intro music is by Ronald Jenkees

Send your questions for Dr. Griffin to daniel@microbe.tv

Vincent and Rich travel to Ft. Detrick to visit USAMRIID and speak with Todd, Crystal, John and Jay about their careers, their research, and the mission of the US Army Medical Institute of Infectious Diseases.

Host: Vincent Racaniello and Rich Condit

Guests: Todd Bell, Crystal Burke, John Dye, and Jay Hooper

Opinions, interpretations, conclusions, and recommendations are those of the panelists and no official endorsement by the U.S. Army should be inferred.

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• MicrobeTV Discord Server
• USAMRIID
• Mpox virus in testes of nonhuman primates (Nat Micro)
• Efficacy of equine encephalitis virus-like particle vaccine (Viruses)
• Prophylaxis with SARS-CoV-2 mAb (Antimicrob Agents Chemother)
• Needle-free jet injection of DNA vaccine (PLoS One)
• Timestamps by Jolene. Thanks!

Intro music is by Ronald Jenkees

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In his weekly clinical update, Dr. Griffin discusses estimates of SARS-CoV-2 seroprevalence and incidence of primary SARS-CoV-2 infections among blood donors, by COVID-19 vaccination status, smart thermometer–based participatory surveillance to discern the role of children in household viral transmission during the COVID-19 pandemic, COVID-19 vaccine mandates, changing severity and epidemiology of adults hospitalized with COVID-19 in the United States after introduction of COVID-19 vaccines, effectiveness of COVID-19 treatment with Nirmatrelvir–Ritonavir or Molnupiravir among U.S. veterans, national trends in anticoagulation therapy for COVID-19 hospitalized adults in the United States, development of a definition of postacute sequelae of SARS-CoV-2 infection, neuroinflammation after COVID-19 with persistent depressive and cognitive symptoms, long COVID clinical phenotypes up to six months after infection identified by latent class analysis of self-reported symptoms, and coronary microvascular health in symptomatic patients with prior COVID-19 infection.

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• Estimates of SARS-CoV-2 seroprevalence and incidence of infections among blood donors, by vaccination status (CDC)
• Smart thermometer–based surveillance to discern the role of children in household viral transmission during the COVID-19 pandemic (JAMA)
• COVID-19 vaccine mandates (GOV)
• Changing epidemiology of adults hospitalized with COVID-19 after introduction of vaccines (CID)
• Effectiveness of COVID-19 treatment with Nirmatrelvir–Ritonavir or Molnupiravir among U.S. Veterans (ACP Journals)
• National trends in Anticoagulation therapy for COVID-19 (IDSA)
• Development of a definition of postacute sequelae of SARS-CoV-2 infection (JAMA)
• Neuroinflammation after COVID-19 with depressive and cognitive symptoms (JAMA)
• Long COVID clinical phenotypes up to six months after infection identified by latent class analysis of self-reported symptoms (OFID)
• Coronary microvascular health in patients with prior COVID-19 infection (EACVI)
• Contribute to our FIMRC fundraiser at PWB
• Letters read on TWiV 1014
• Dr. Griffin's COVID treatment summary (pdf)
• Timestamps by Jolene. Thanks!

Intro music is by Ronald Jenkees

Send your questions for Dr. Griffin to daniel@microbe.tv

TWiV reviews remarkable changes in the epidemiology of avian H5N1 influenza virus leading to previously uninfected areas, involvement of previously unaffected wild birds, and devastating outbreaks in farmed poultry, and isolation of a monoclonal antibody against the influenza virus neuraminidase that inhibits infection with a wide range of A and B isolates.

Hosts: Vincent Racaniello, Alan Dove, Rich Condit, Kathy Spindler, and Angela Mingarelli

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• Register for ASV 2023
• Research assistant position at FDA (pdf)
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• Avian influenza H5N1 (Eurosurveillance)
• Pan-influenza NA antibody (Nature)
• World Animal Health Information System
• Timestamps by Jolene. Thanks!

Angela – May's best science images – Nature Kathy – Historical reasons for resistance to recognizing airborne transmission Rich – Scan of Titanic reveals wreck as never seen before – BBC News Alan – Science Education in an Age of Misinformation Vincent – Equity, Diversity and Inclusion: When communication all changed

Intro music is by Ronald Jenkees

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In his weekly clinical update, Dr. Griffin discusses the potential for recurrent Mpox outbreaks among gay, bisexual, and other men who have sex with men, association between SARS-CoV-2 variants and frequency of acute symptoms, prospective study of key correlates for household transmission of SARS-CoV-2, Pfizer's PAXLOVID™ receiving FDA approval for adult patients at high risk of progression to severe COVID-19, efficacy and safety of antimicrobial stewardship prospective audit and feedback in patients hospitalized with COVID-19, development of a definition of postacute sequelae of SARS-CoV-2 infection, COVID-19 and risk for mental disorders among adults in Denmark, risk of new post-COVID mental disorders higher only in older patients.

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• Potential for recurrent Mpox outbreaks among men who have sex with men (CDC)
• Association between SARS-CoV-2 variants and frequency of acute symptoms (OFID)
• Key correlates for household transmission of SARS-CoV-2 (OFID)
• PAXLOVID receiving FDA approval for patients at high risk of severe COVID-19 (Pfizer)
• Efficacy and safety of antimicrobial stewardship prospective audit and feedback in patients with COVID-19 (The Lancet)
• Development of a definition of postacute sequelae of SARS-CoV-2 (JAMA)
• COVID-19 and risk for mental disorders among adults in Denmark (JAMA)
• Risk of new post-COVID mental disorders higher only in older patients (CIDRAP)
• Contribute to our FIMRC fundraiser at PWB
• Letters read on TWiV 1012
• Dr. Griffin's COVID treatment summary (pdf)
• Timestamps by Jolene. Thanks!

Intro music is by Ronald Jenkees

Send your questions for Dr. Griffin to daniel@microbe.tv

Vincent travels to Québec City, Canada and the 11th Aquatic Virus Workshop, where he speaks with Fred Aylward and Jed Furman about the research of their laboratories on the ecology and evolution of aquatic viruses and their microbial communities.

Host: Vincent Racaniello

Guests: Frank Aylward and Jed Fuhrman

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• MicrobeTV Discord Server
• 11th Aquatic Virus Workshop
• Endogenization of giant virus genomes in green algae (Nature)
• Red Queen dynamics in marine viruses (Nature)
• Biogeography of marine giant viruses (ISME Commun)
• Marine prokaryotic community structure (Nat Commun)
• Timestamps by Jolene. Thanks!

Intro music is by Ronald Jenkees

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In his weekly clinical update, Dr. Griffin discusses the CDC HIV surveillance report, FDA voted in favor of approving the Abrysvo vaccine, canine olfactory detection of SARS-CoV-2-infected humans, safety of the BNT162b2 COVID-19 vaccine in children aged 5 to 17 years, and statement on the antigen composition of COVID-19 vaccines.

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• HIV surveillance report (CDC)
• FDA voted in favor of approving Abrysvo vaccine (Pfizer)
• Canine olfactory detection of SARS-CoV-2-infected humans (Annals of Epidemiology)
• Safety of the BNT162b2 COVID-19 vaccine in children (JAMA)
• Statement on the antigen composition of COVID-19 vaccines (WHO)
• Contribute to our FIMRC fundraiser at PWB
• Letters read on TWiV 1010
• Timestamps by Jolene. Thanks!

Intro music is by Ronald Jenkees

Send your questions for Dr. Griffin to daniel@microbe.tv

Vincent travels to Montreux, Switzerland and the 16th International Nidovirus Symposium, where he speaks with Maria von Kerkhove, the face of COVID-19 for the World Health Organization, and Kanta Subbarao, Director of the WHO Collaborating Centre on Influenza in Melbourne.

Host: Vincent Racaniello

Guests: Kanta Subbarao and Maria von Kerkhove

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• MicrobeTV Discord Server
• Nidovirus Symposium, Montreux
• WHO Collaborating Centre for Influenza, Melbourne
• Maria von Kerkhove (Wikipedia)
• Timestamps by Jolene. Thanks!

Intro music is by Ronald Jenkees

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In his weekly clinical update, Dr. Griffin discusses variant specific clinical performance of a SARS-CoV-2 rapid antigen test with focus on omicron VOC, ventilation in buildings, COVID-19 mortality among selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor users, risk of post-acute sequelae of SARS-CoV-2 infection associated with pre-coronavirus disease obstructive sleep apnea diagnoses, trajectories of the evolution of post COVID-19 condition, and efficacy of cognitive behavioral therapy targeting severe fatigue following COVID-19.

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• Virus variant clinical performance of a SARS-CoV-2 rapid antigen test (CID)
• Ventilation in buildings (CDC)
• COVID-19 mortality among SSRI users (CMI)
• Risk of post-acute sequelae of SARS-CoV-2 infection associated with sleep apnea (SLEEP)
• Trajectories of the evolution of post COVID-19 condition (IJID)
• Efficacy of cognitive behavioral therapy targeting fatigue following COVID-19 (CAD)
• Contribute to our FIMRC fundraiser at PWB
• Letters read on TWiV 1008
• Timestamps by Jolene. Thanks!

Intro music is by Ronald Jenkees

Send your questions for Dr. Griffin to daniel@microbe.tv

TWiV explains genetic changes in nOPV2 strains that paralyzed children, outbreak of raccoon distemper in Toronto, EcoHealth Alliance gets its NIH grant back, and breakage at chromosomal fragile sites caused by the EBNA1 protein of Epstein-Barr virus as a mechanism for carcinogenesis.

Hosts: Vincent Racaniello, Rich Condit, Kathy Spindler, and Angela Mingarelli

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• Register for ASV 2023
• Research assistant position at FDA (pdf)
• MicrobeTV Discord Server
• nOPV2 after two years (Polioeradication)
• Raccoon distemper in Toronto (CityNews Everywhere)
• NIH reinstates EcoHealth grant (Nature)
• Chromosomal breakage by EBNA1 (Nature)
• Agent of chromosomal instability (Nature)
• Timestamps by Jolene. Thanks!

Angela – Night Science Kathy – Kermit, Jim Henson, Rainbow Connection Rich – Alexander Skarsgård Explains the Answer to Everything Vincent – Beyond the Noise with Dr. Paul Offit

Intro music is by Ronald Jenkees

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In his weekly clinical update, Dr. Griffin discusses immunogenicity and tolerability of a bivalent virus-like particle norovirus vaccine candidate in children from 6 months up to 4 years of age, influenza hemagglutinin stem nanoparticle vaccine induces cross-group 1 neutralizing antibodies in healthy adults, COVID-19 surveillance after expiration of the public health emergency declaration, provisional mortality data, targeted vaccine messaging to promote COVID-19 vaccines for children and youth, vaccines and related biological products advisory committee meeting June 15, 2023 announcement, how to overhaul the CDC, impact of SARS-CoV-2 variants on inpatient clinical outcome, prevalence of post-coronavirus disease condition 12 weeks after Omicron infection compared with negative controls and association with vaccination status, gut bacteria cocktail helps long COVID, and gut microbiota‐derived symbiotic formula (SIM01) as a novel adjuvant therapy for COVID‐19.

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• Immunogenicity and tolerability of a bivalent norovirus vaccine in children (HVI)
• Influenza hemagglutinin stem nanoparticle vaccine induces neutralizing antibodies in healthy adults (STM)
• COVID-19 surveillance after expiration of the public health emergency declaration (CDC)
• Provisional mortality data (CDC)
• Targeted messaging to promote COVID-19 vaccines for children and youth (Pediatrics)
• Vaccines and biological products advisory committee meeting announcement (FDA)
• How to overhaul the C.D.C (NYTIMES)
• Impact of SARS-CoV-2 variants on inpatient clinical outcome (CID)
• Prevalence of post-COVID19 condition 12 weeks after Omicron infection and vaccination status (CID)
• Gut bacteria cocktail helps long COVID (MedPage)
• Gut microbiota‐derived synbiotic formula as a therapy for COVID‐19 (NIH)
• Contribute to our FIMRC fundraiser at PWB
• Letters read on TWiV 1006
• Timestamps by Jolene. Thanks!

Intro music is by Ronald Jenkees

Send your questions for Dr. Griffin to daniel@microbe.tv

TWiV reveals plankton-infecting relatives of herpesviruses in the sunlit oceans, and a vaccine encoding non-spike T cell antigens that protects animals from severe SARS-CoV-2 infection.

Hosts: Vincent Racaniello, Alan Dove, Kathy Spindler, and Brianne Barker

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• Register for ASV 2023
• Research assistant position at FDA (pdf)
• MicrobeTV Discord Server
• Mirusviruses link herpesvirus to giant viruses (Nature)
• Tara Oceans expeditions
• T cell vaccine protects against severe COVID (Cell)
• Letters read on TWiV 1005
• Timestamps by Jolene. Thanks!

Brianne – Immune #67: Can T cells Live Forever? Kathy – Hazel Scott, Trinidad Jazz star Alan – The Last Navigator, Steve Thomas Vincent – Nasal Spray Covid Vaccines: Hope or Hype?

Intro music is by Ronald Jenkees

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In his weekly clinical update, Dr. Griffin discusses the U.S. Food and Drug Administration approving Arexvy: the first respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) vaccine approved for use in the United State, association between SARS-CoV-2 and metagenomic content of samples from the Huanan Seafood Market, researchers disagree over how bad it is to be reinfected and whether COVID-19 can cause lasting changes to the immune system, virtual care and emergency department use during the COVID-19 pandemic among patients of family physicians in Canada, vaccination with BCG-Denmark did not result in a lower risk of COVID-19 among health care workers than placebo, NVX-CoV2373 vaccine efficacy against hospitalization, comparative effectiveness of the SARS-COV-2 vaccines during Delta dominance, assessment of gender-specific COVID-19 case fatality risk per malignant neoplasm type, clinical outcomes following treatment for COVID-19 with Nirmatrelvir/Ritonavir and Molnupiravir among patients living in nursing homes, timing of intubation and ICU mortality in COVID-19 patients, real-life experience with Remdesivir for treatment of COVID-19 among older adults, and how long COVID brain fog and muscle pain are associated with longer time to clearance of SARS-CoV-2 RNA from the upper respiratory tract during acute infection.

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• FDA approves Arexvy, the first RSV vaccine approved in the US (FDA)
• Association between SARS-CoV-2 and content of samples from the Huanan Seafood Market (bioRxiv)
• Researchers disagree over how bad it is to be reinfected with COVID-19 and lasting changes to the immune system (Nature)
• Virtual care and emergency department use during the COVID-19 Pandemic among patients of family physicians (JAMA)
• Vaccination with BCG-Denmark did not result in a lower risk of COVID-19 among health care workers (NEJM)
• NVX-CoV2373 vaccine efficacy against hospitalization (Vaccine)
• Comparative effectiveness of the SARS-COV-2 vaccines during Delta (Cell)
• Assessment of gender-specific COVID-19 case fatality risk (JAMA)
• Clinical outcomes following treatment for COVID-19 with Nirmatrelvir/Ritonavir and Molnupiravir (JAMA)
• Timing of intubation and ICU mortality in COVID-19 patients (BMC)
• Real-life experience with Remdesivir for treatment of COVID-19 (JAC)
• Long COVID brain fog and muscle pain are associated with longer time to clearance of SARS-CoV-2 RNA (Frontiers)
• Contribute to our FIMRC fundraiser at PWB
• Letters read on TWiV 1004
• Timestamps by Jolene. Thanks!

Intro music is by Ronald Jenkees

Send your questions for Dr. Griffin to daniel@microbe.tv

Vincent and Kathy travel to Atlanta for APHL ID Lab Con, a conference focused on the latest developments in detecti​​on and characterization of infectious diseases of public health concern, and speak with Megan, Ryan, and Kirsten about the workings of public health and clinical laboratories.

Hosts: Vincent Racaniello and Kathy Spindler

Guests: Megan Crumpler, Ryan Relich, and Kirsten St. George

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• MicrobeTV Discord Server
• APHL Lab ID CON
• Association of Public Health Laboratories
• Orange County Public Health Laboratory
• Division of Clinical Microbiology, Indiana University Health
• Virology Laboratory, NYSDOH
• Timestamps by Jolene. Thanks!

Intro music is by Ronald Jenkees

Send your virology questions and comments to twiv@microbe.tv

In his weekly clinical update, Dr. Griffin discusses completeness and spin of medRxiv preprints and associated published abstracts of COVID-19 randomized clinical trials, lessons learned from a COVID-19 dog screening pilot in California K-12 schools, SARS-CoV-2 reinfection and severity of the disease, effectiveness of COVID-19 bivalent vaccine, Molnupiravir and risk of post-acute sequelae of COVID-19, risk of new-onset long Covid following reinfection with SARS-CoV-2, low vitamin D levels associated with long COVID syndrome in COVID-19 survivors, and clinical experience with the α2A-adrenoceptor agonist, guanfacine, and N-acetylcysteine for the treatment of cognitive deficits in "Long-COVID19".

Click arrow to play Download TWiV 1002 (27 MB .mp3, 44 min)

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• Completeness and spin of medRxiv preprint and published abstracts of COVID-19 randomized clinical trials (JAMA)
• Lessons learned from a COVID-19 dog screening pilot (JAMA)
• SARS-CoV-2 reinfection and severity of the disease (Viruses)
• Effectiveness of COVID-19 bivalent vaccine (medRxiv)
• Molnupiravir and risk of post-acute sequelae of COVID-19 (BMJ)
• Risk of new-onset long Covid following reinfection with SARS-CoV-2 (medRxiv)
• Low vitamin D levels are associated with Long COVID in COVID-19 survivors (JCEM)
• Clinical experience with the α2A-adrenoceptor agonist, guanfacine, and N-acetylcysteine for treatment of Long-COVID19 (NIH)
• Contribute to our ASTMH fundraiser at PWB
• Letters read on TWiV 1002
• Timestamps by Jolene. Thanks!

Intro music is by Ronald Jenkees

Send your questions for Dr. Griffin to daniel@microbe.tv

In his weekly clinical update, Dr. Griffin discusses an update on vaccine-derived poliovirus outbreaks, how the dream of wiping out polio might need a rethink, risk of death in patients hospitalized for COVID-19 vs seasonal Influenza in fall-winter, French Mpox cluster includes fully vaccinated patients, two individuals with potential Mpox virus reinfection, epidemiologic and clinical features of Mpox-associated deaths, FDA authorizes changes to simplify use of bivalent mRNA COVID-19 vaccines, SARS-CoV-2 during Omicron variant predominance among infants born to people with SARS-CoV-2, severe maternal morbidity and mortality of pregnant patients with COVID-19 infection during the early pandemic period in the US, sickness presenteeism in healthcare workers during the COVID-19 pandemic, ventilation improvements among k–12 public school districts, risk factors and vectors for SARS-CoV-2 household transmission, SARS-CoV-2 neutralizing antibodies after bivalent versus monovalent, durability of bivalent boosters against Omicron subvariants, Nirmatrelvir and risk of hospital admission or death in adults with COVID-19, evolving real-world effectiveness of monoclonal antibodies for treatment of COVID-19, effect of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor and angiotensin receptor blocker initiation on organ support–free days in patients hospitalized with COVID-19, efficacy and safety of Anakinra plus standard of care for patients with severe COVID-19, higher dose corticosteroids in patients admitted to hospital with COVID-19 who are hypoxic but not requiring ventilatory support, risk of autoimmune diseases in patients with COVID-19, definition of post–COVID-19 condition among published research studies, and sleep disturbance severity and correlates in post-acute sequelae of COVID-19.

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• Update on vaccine-derived poliovirus outbreaks (CDC)
• The dream of wiping out polio might need a rethink (NPR)
• Risk of death in patients hospitalized for COVID-19 vs influenza (JAME)
• French mpox cluster includes fully vaccinated patients (CIDRAP)
• Two individuals with potential Monkeypox reinfection (The Lancet)
• Epidemiologic and clinical features of Mpox-associated deaths (CDC)
• FDA authorizes changes to simplify use of Bivalent mRNA COVID-19 vaccines (FDA)
• Omicron variant predominance among infants born to people with SARS-CoV-2 (Pediatrics)
• Severe maternal morbidity and mortality of pregnant patients with COVID-19 (JAMA)
• Sickness presenteeism in healthcare workers during the COVID-19 pandemic (ICHE)
• Ventilation improvements among K–12 public school districts (CDC)
• Risk factors and vectors for SARS-CoV-2 household transmission (The Lancet)
• SARS-CoV-2 neutralising antibodies after bivalent vs monovalent (The Lancet)
• Durability of bivalent boosters against Omicron subvariants (NEJM)
• Nirmatrelvir and risk of hospital admission or death in adults with COVID-19 (BMJ)
• Real world effectiveness of Monoclonal Antibodies for treatment of COVID-19 (AIM)
• Study on ACE inhibitor and ARB effect on COVID-19 patient outcomes (JAMA)
• Efficacy and safety of Anakinra plus standard of care for patients with severe COVID-19 (JAMA)
• High-dose corticosteroids in non-ventilated COVID-19 patients with hypoxia (The Lancet)
• Risk of autoimmune diseases in patients with COVID-19 (eClinical)
• Definition of post–COVID-19 condition (JAMA)
• Sleep disturbance severity and correlates in Post-acute Sequelae of COVID-19 (JGIM)
• Contribute to our ASTMH fundraiser at PWB
• Letters read on TWiV 1001
• Timestamps by Jolene. Thanks!

Intro music is by Ronald Jenkees

Send your questions for Dr. Griffin to daniel@microbe.tv

The entire TWiV team gathers at a theatre in New York City to celebrate a milestone in science podcasting, to reminisce how they joined the show, and to play a game of TWiV Jeopardy.

Hosts: Vincent Racaniello, Dickson Despommier, Alan Dove, Rich Condit, Kathy Spindler, Brianne Barker, Daniel Griffin, and Angela Mingarelli

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• TWiV #1: West Nile virus
• TWiV #100: TWiV catches a big fish
• TWiV #200: Threading the NEIDL
• TWiV #300: So happy together
• TWiV #400: Harold '400' Varmus, a scientist for all seasons
• TWiV #500: Keep virology weird
• Randal Despommier
• Timestamps by Jolene. Thanks!

Intro music is by Ronald Jenkees

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TWiV notes Ashish Jha's call for doctors to combat a vacuum of medical information while ignoring our contributions, China CDC's surveillance of SARS-CoV-2 at the Huanan Seafood Market, and an experimental infectious attenuated COVID-19 vaccine that elicits superior mucosal and systemic immunity in hamsters.

Hosts: Vincent Racaniello, Dickson Despommier, Alan Dove, Kathy Spindler, and Brianne Barker

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• Register for ASV 2023
• MicrobeTV Discord Server
• Jha ignores TWiV contribution to disseminating science information (STAT)
• Surveillance of SARS-CoV-2 at the Huanan Market (Nature)
• Pandas in the Huanan Market? (ArsTechnica)
• Infectious attenuated COVID-19 vaccine candidate (Nature Micro)
• Virus attenuation by codon pair deoptimization (Cell Rep)
• Timestamps by Jolene. Thanks!

Dickson – Jazz Project: Conductor/composer: Gill Evans. Produced Sketches of Spain, Porgy And Bess. Quincey Jones. Numerous albums, all kinds of music. Duke Ellington. Prolific musician, pianist, and composer. Antonio Carlos Jobim. Signature album: Sound track from the film – Black Orpheus. Signature songs: Girl From Ipanema; The Waters of March. Brianne – This is what it sounds like when plants cry Kathy – I know who you are by Barbara Rae-Venter Alan – Svalbard seed vault virtual tour Vincent – We're Asking the Impossible of Vaccines by Katherine Wu

Intro music is by Ronald Jenkees

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In his weekly clinical update, Dr. Griffin discusses the White House COVID adviser calling on doctors to combat a vacuum of medical information, adeno-associated virus type 2 in US children with acute severe hepatitis, genomic investigations of unexplained acute hepatitis in children, surveillance of SARS-CoV-2 at the Huanan seafood market, vaccine effectiveness against hospitalization among adolescent and pediatric SARS-CoV-2 cases between May 2021 and January 2022 in Canada, effectiveness of BNT162b2 after extending the primary series dosing interval in children and adolescents aged 5–17, prevalence and characteristics associated with post–COVID-19 condition among non-hospitalized adolescents and young adults, within-host genetic diversity of SARS-CoV-2 lineages in unvaccinated and vaccinated individuals, live-attenuated vaccine sCPD9 elicits superior mucosal and systemic immunity to SARS-CoV-2 variants in hamsters, Fc-γR-dependent antibody effector functions are required for vaccine-mediated protection against antigen-shifted variants of SARS-CoV-2, COVID-19 convalescent plasma utilization in the United States, FDA authorizes Gohibic (vilobelimab) injection for the treatment of COVID-19, anti-C5a antibody IFX-1 (vilobelimab) treatment versus best supportive care for patients with severe COVID-19 (PANAMO), anti-C5a antibody (vilobelimab) therapy for critically ill, invasively mechanically ventilated patients with COVID-19, triple combination therapy with two antivirals and monoclonal antibodies for persistent or relapsed SARS-CoV-2 infection in immunocompromised patients, and the breadth of the neutralizing antibody response to original SARS-CoV-2 infection is linked to the presence of long COVID symptoms.

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• White House COVID adviser calls on doctors to combat medical information (STAT)
• Adeno-associated virus type 2 in US children with acute severe hepatitis (Nature)
• Genomic investigations of unexplained acute hepatitis in children (Nature)
• Surveillance of SARS-CoV-2 at the Huanan Seafood Market (ChinaXiv)
• Vaccine effectiveness against hospitalization among pediatric SARS-CoV-2 cases (PLOS)
• Effectiveness of BNT162b2 after extending the series dosing interval in children (Nature)
• Prevalence and characteristics associated with post–COVID-19 condition (JAMA)
• Within-host genetic diversity of SARS-CoV-2 lineages in unvaccinated and vaccinated individuals (Nature)
• Replication-competent-attenuated vaccine sCPD9 elicits immunity to SARS-CoV-2 variants (Nature)
• Fc-γR antibody functions needed for SARS-CoV-2 variant protection via vaccination (Nature)
• COVID-19 convalescent plasma utilization in the United States (CID)
• FDA authorizes Gohibic injection for the treatment of COVID-19 (FDA)
• IFX-1 antibody vs. supportive care for severe COVID-19 patients (Lancet)
• Vilobelimab therapy for COVID-19 critically ill patients on mechanical ventilation (Lancet)
• Triple combo therapy for relapsed SARS-CoV-2 in immunocompromised patients with antivirals and antibodies (CID)
• Neutralizing antibody response breadth to SARS-CoV-2 tied to Long COVID presence (medRxiv)
• Neurological Long COVID pathogenesis and potential therapies (Journal Cells)
• Contribute to our ASTMH fundraiser at PWB
• Dr. Griffin's treatment guide (pdf)
• Letters read on TWiV 998
• Don't crush Paxlovid (pdf)
• Timestamps by Jolene. Thanks!

Intro music is by Ronald Jenkees

Send your questions for Dr. Griffin to daniel@microbe.tv

Mohsan joins TWiV to discuss the work of his laboratory showing that spike and nsp6 are determinants of Omicron attenuation, and why the work was widely misinterpreted by the press and the public.

Hosts: Vincent Racaniello, Alan Dove, and Rich Condit

Guest: Mohsan Saeed

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•Register for ASV 2023 •MicrobeTV Discord Server • Spike and nsp6 determinants of Omicron attenuation (Nature) •China releases genomic data from Wuhan market (Science) •Timestamps by Jolene. Thanks!

Rich – For pianist Dan Tepfer, improvisation is the mother of Bach's Inventions Alan – HMS Victory 3D animated tour Vincent – The Fight Over Penn Station and Madison Square Garden

Douglas – How's Your City Doing? Ask the Honeybees.

Intro music is by Ronald Jenkees

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In his weekly clinical update, Dr. Griffin discusses how antibiotics don't reduce risk of death from viral respiratory infections, norovirus infections continue to rise in the US, ABO blood types and SARS-CoV-2 infection assessed using seroprevalence data in a large population-based sample, maternal third dose of BNT162b2 mRNA vaccine and risk of infant COVID-19 hospitalization, association of treatment with Nirmatrelvir and the risk of Post–COVID-19 condition, mechanically ventilated patients with COVID-19 had a higher chance of in-hospital death if treated with high-flow nasal cannula oxygen before intubation, high-flow nasal cannula and outcomes in COVID-19, severe infection and risk of Cardiovascular disease, and the risk factors associated with post−COVID-19 condition.

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• Antibiotics don't reduce risk of death from viral respiratory infections (CIDRAP)
• ABO blood types and SARS-CoV-2 infection (Nature)
• Maternal third dose of BNT162b2 mRNA vaccine and risk of infant COVID-19 hospitalization (Nature Medicine)
• Association of treatment with Nirmatrelvir and risk of post–COVID-19 (JAMA)
• Ventilated patients with COVID-19 had a higher chance of in-hospital death with usage of nasal cannula oxygen (IARS)
• High-flow nasal cannula and outcomes in COVID-19 (IARS)
• Severe infection and risk of cardiovascular disease (AHA)
• Risk factors associated with post−COVID-19 condition (JAMA)
• Contribute to our ASTMH fundraiser at PWB
• Dr. Griffin's treatment guide (pdf)
• Letters read on TWiV 996
• Don't crush Paxlovid (pdf)
• Timestamps by Jolene. Thanks!

Intro music is by Ronald Jenkees

Send your questions for Dr. Griffin to daniel@microbe.tv

TWiV discusses genetic evidence of susceptible wildlife in SARS-CoV-2 positive samples at the Huanan Wholesale Seafood Market, polio cases in African linked to a new polio vaccine that was designed to not cause the disease, and structural conservation of hepatitis B virus capsid proteins over millions of years despite a shift from a naked to an enveloped capsid.

Click arrow to play Download TWiV 995 (74 MB .mp3, 123 min) Subscribe (free): Apple Podcasts, Google Podcasts, RSS, email

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•Register for ASV 2023 •MicrobeTV Discord Server • More evidence for SARS-CoV-2 spillover (Zenodo) •Polio cases linked to nOPV2 (Science; GPEI statement) •nOPV2 on TWiV 756 •Engineering OPV to prevent reversion to neurovirulence (Cell Host Microbe) •Stability of nOPV2 in children (npj Vaccines) •2A changes compensate for 5′-UTR disruptions (Virology) •HBV shifts from naked to enveloped (Nat Comm) •Letters read on TWiV 995 •Timestamps by Jolene. Thanks!

Dickson – Jazz Project: Bass: Ray Brown, Ron Carter, Percy Heath Angela – The nervous system may play a role in severe allergic reactions through immune cell (mast cells) cross-talk with neurons Brianne – Science Museums Take Stock of 1.1 Billion Objects from Around the World Vincent – Architect Breaks Down 5 of the Most Common Skyscraper Styles In New York

Gary – Tony Fauci on PBS Stefanie – What Do You Find Beautiful about Viruses? A Post-COVID Assessment Strategy

Intro music is by Ronald Jenkees

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In his weekly clinical update, Dr. Griffin discusses the detection of circulating vaccine-derived poliovirus type 2 in Burundi and the Democratic Republic of the Congo, the novel oral polio vaccine type 2 story, prior COVID-19 infection associated with increased risk of newly diagnosed erectile dysfunction, adverse maternal, fetal, and newborn outcomes among pregnant women with SARS-CoV-2 infection, correlates of protection against COVID-19 infection and intensity of symptomatic disease in vaccinated individuals exposed to SARS-CoV-2 in households in Israel, effectiveness of Nirmatrelvir–Ritonavir in preventing hospital admissions and deaths in people with COVID-19, projected COVID-19 mortality reduction from Paxlovid rollout, and SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccines decouple anti-viral immunity from humoral autoimmunity.

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Links for this episode

• cVDPV2 detections in Burundi and the DRC (PGEI)
• Novel oral polio vaccine type 2 story (The Lancet)
• Prior COVID-19 infection associated with risk of diagnosed erectile dysfunction (IJIR)
• Adverse maternal, fetal, and newborn outcomes among pregnant women with SARS-CoV-2 infection (BMJ)
• Protection against COVID-19 infection and intensity of symptomatic disease in vaccinated individuals(The Lancet)
• Effectiveness of Nirmatrelvir–Ritonavir in preventing hospital admissions and deaths (The Lancet)
• Projected COVID-19 mortality reduction from Paxlovid rollout (JAMA)
• SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccines decouple anti-viral immunity (Nature)
• Contribute to our ASTMH fundraiser at PWB
• Dr. Griffin's treatment guide (pdf)
• Letters read on TWiV 994
• Don't crush Paxlovid (pdf)
• Timestamps by Jolene. Thanks!

Intro music is by Ronald Jenkees Send your questions for Dr. Griffin to daniel@microbe.tv

TWiV reveals how treatment with remdesivir for COVID-19 resolved a chronic poliovirus infection in an immunocompromised patient, and the finding that infection with SARS-CoV-2 leads to an increase in new and preexisting autoantibodies.

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•Register for ASV 2023 •MicrobeTV Discord Server •Janet Sinsheimer on TWiV 653 •Clearance of chronic poliovirus infection by remdesivir (Front Immunol) •Autoimmunity induced by SARS-CoV-2 infection (Nat Comm) •Letters read on TWiV 993 •Timestamps by Jolene. Thanks!

Brianne – Xkcd: Lymphocytes Kathy – A brief history of Parafilm with video Alan – Mapping and exploring the USS Monitor wreck Vincent – Skype a Scientist

Intro music is by Ronald Jenkees

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In his weekly clinical update, Dr. Griffin discusses clearance of longstanding, immune-deficiency-associated, vaccine-derived poliovirus infection following remdesivir therapy for chronic SARS-CoV-2 infection, SARS-CoV-2 exposure in New York City rats, clinical characteristics and outcomes of children with SARS-CoV-2 infection during the Delta and Omicron variant-dominant periods in Korea, exhaled breath aerosol shedding of SARS-CoV-2 variants, outpatient treatment of COVID-19 and the development of long COVID over 10 months, Nirmatrelvir and the risk of post-acute sequelae of COVID-19, assessment of the risk of venous thromboembolism in nonhospitalized patients with COVID-19, and the optimal duration of systemic corticosteroids in COVID-19 treatment.

Click arrow to play Download TWiV 992 (19 MB .mp3, 32 min)

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• Clearance of vaccine-derived poliovirus following remdesivir therapy for SARS-CoV-2 infection (Frontiers)
• SARS-CoV-2 exposure in Norway rats from New York City (mBio)
• Clinical characteristics and outcomes of children with SARS-CoV-2 Infection in Korea (JKMS)
• Exhaled breath aerosol shedding of SARS-CoV-2 variants (CID)
• Outpatient treatment of COVID-19 and the development of Long COVID (The Lancet)
• Nirmatrelvir and the risk of post-acute sequelae of COVID-19 (medRxiv)
• Risk of venous thromboembolism in nonhospitalized patients with COVID-19 (JAMA)
• Optimal duration of systemic corticosteroids in COVID-19 treatment (OFID)
• Contribute to our ASTMH fundraiser at PWB
• Dr. Griffin's treatment guide (pdf)
• Letters read on TWiV 992
• Don't crush Paxlovid (pdf)
• Timestamps by Jolene. Thanks!

Intro music is by Ronald Jenkees

Send your questions for Dr. Griffin to daniel@microbe.tv

On this episode of TWiV, the observation that the 1918 influenza virus is not lethal in nonhuman primates and implications for studies on viral virulence, and mRNA vaccines that control and resolve human papillomavirus-associated cancers in mice.

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•Register for ASV 2023 •MicrobeTV Discord Server •1918 influenza virus not lethal in nonhuman primates (J Virol) •mRNA vaccines control HPV-associated tumors (Sci Trans Med) •Letters read on TWiV 991 •Timestamps by Jolene. Thanks!

Dickson – Jazz Project: Piano: Art Tatum/Thelonius S. Monk/Dave Brubeck/Bill Evans/George Shearing/Herbie Hancock/Chick Corea/Keith Jarret/Diana Krall/Eliane Elias/Horace Silver. Honorable mention: Oscar Peterson/Erroll Garner/Ramsey Lewis/Dr. John/Duke Ellington Rich – Protein synthesis: an epic on the cellular level Alan – Thomas Was Alone Vincent – I called for more research on the COVID 'lab leak theory.' Here's what I found out

Carol – The Exceptions: Nancy Hopkins, MIT, and the fight for Women in Science

Intro music is by Ronald Jenkees

Send your virology questions and comments to twiv@microbe.tv

In his weekly clinical update Dr. Griffin discusses confronting the evolution and expansion of anti-vaccine activism in the USA in the COVID-19 era, the effectiveness of maternal Influenza vaccination in Peru, characteristics and predictors of persistent symptoms post-COVID-19 in children and young people, parental nonadherence to health policy recommendations for prevention of COVID-19 transmission among children, community-onset bacterial coinfection in children critically ill with SARS-CoV-2 infection, bivalent booster effectiveness against severe COVID-19 outcomes in Finland, viral kinetics of sequential SARS-CoV-2 infections, risk of COVID-19 associated pulmonary aspergillosis based on corticosteroid duration in intensive care patients, immunomodulators for severe COVID19 in transplant patients: do they increase the risk of secondary infection, long-term cardiovascular outcomes in COVID-19 survivors among non-vaccinated population, cardiac abnormalities in Long COVID 1-year post-SARS-CoV-2 infection, one-year adverse outcomes among us adults with Post–COVID-19 condition vs those without COVID-19 in a large commercial insurance database, and long-term gastrointestinal outcomes of COVID-19.

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• Confronting the evolution and expansion of anti-vaccine activism (The Lancet)
• Effectiveness of maternal influenza vaccination in Peru (OFID)
• Characteristics and predictors of persistent symptoms post-COVID-19 (BMJ)
• Parental nonadherence to health policy recommendations for prevention of COVID-19 (JAMA)
• Community-onset bacterial coinfection in children ill with SARS-CoV-2 infection (OFID)
• Bivalent booster effectiveness against severe COVID-19 outcomes (medRxiv)
• Viral kinetics of sequential SARS-CoV-2 infections (medRxiv)
• Risk of COVID-19 associated pulmonary aspergillosis based on corticosteroid duration in ICU patients (OFID)
• Immunomodulators for severe COVID-19 in transplant patients (TID)
• Long-term cardiovascular outcomes in COVID-19 survivors among non-vaccinated population (eClinicalMedicine)
• Cardiac abnormalities in Long COVID 1-year post-SARS-CoV-2 infection (BMJ)
• One year adverse outcomes among US adults with post COVID-19 condition vs those without COVID-19 (JAMA)
• Long-term gastrointestinal outcomes of COVID-19 (Nature)
• Contribute to our ASTMH fundraiser at PWB
• Dr. Griffin's treatment guide (pdf)
• Letters read on TWiV 990
• Don't crush Paxlovid (pdf)
• Timestamps by Jolene. Thanks!

Intro music is by Ronald Jenkees Send your questions for Dr. Griffin to daniel@microbe.tv

TWiV to explains a study on presence of COVID-19 vaccine mRNA in the blood, and the isolation of cross-protective monoclonal antibodies against common endemic respiratory viruses.

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•Register for ASV 2023 •MicrobeTV Discord Server •Paul Berg obituary •Spike mRNA in blood (J Path Micro Imm) •Spike mRNA in blood (Biomedicine) •Cross-protective mAbs against respiratory viruses (Nat Comm) •RSV prefusion F protein vaccine in older adults (NEJM) •Ad26.RSV.preF–RSV preF protein vaccine (NEJM) •Letters read on TWiV 989 •Timestamps by Jolene. Thanks!

Dickson – Jazz Project: Drums: Sunny Payne (Count Basie Orchestra); Buddy Rich (Count Basie Orchestra); Rufus Jones (Maynard Ferguson Orchestra); Joe Morello (Dave Brubeck Quartet). Brianne – A Scientific Investigation of 'The Last of Us' Fungal Pandemic Kathy – "That's What They Say" podcast about pronunciation of "primer." Rich – Slow motion art: 1 and 2 Vincent – Grammarly

Charles – Psychologist Daniel Levitin dissects Pink Floyd's 'Dark Side of the Moon'

Intro music is by Ronald Jenkees Send your virology questions and comments to twiv@microbe.tv

In his weekly clinical update Dr. Griffin discusses FDA authorizing the first over-the-counter at-home test to detect both influenza and COVID-19, monoclonal antibody for the prevention of respiratory syncytial virus infection in infants and children, epidemiologic characteristics of SARS-CoV-2 recombinant variant XBB.1.5, COVID-19 vaccines vs pediatric hospitalization, maternal SARS-CoV-2 vaccination and infant protection against SARS-CoV-2 during the first six months of life, immunoglobulin, glucocorticoid, or combination therapy for multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children, fatal fulminant cerebral edema in six children with SARS-CoV-2 Omicron BA.2 infection in Taiwan, certifying deaths due to COVID-19, efficacy of first dose of COVID-19 vaccine vs no vaccination on symptoms of patients with long COVID, and the effect of COVID-19 vaccination on long COVID.

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• FDA authorizes over-the-counter at-home test to detect both Influenza and COVID-19 (FDA)
• Monoclonal antibody for the prevention of RSV in infants and children (JAMA)
• Epidemiologic characteristics of SARS-CoV-2 variant XBB.1.5 (CDC)
• COVID-19 vaccines vs pediatric hospitalization (Cell)
• Maternal SARS-CoV-2 vaccination and infant protection during the first six months of life (Nature)
• Immunoglobulin, glucocorticoid, or combination therapy for MIS in children (The Lancet)
• Fatal Fulminant Cerebral Edema in children with SARS-CoV-2 Omicron BA.2 infection (JPID)
• Certifying deaths due to COVID-19 (CDC)
• Efficacy of first dose of COVID-19 vaccine vs no vaccination on patients with Long COVID (BMJ)
• Effect of COVID-19 vaccination on long COVID (BMJ)
• Contribute to our ASTMH fundraiser at PWB
• Dr. Griffin's treatment guide (pdf)
• Letters read on TWiV 988
• Don't crush Paxlovid (pdf)
• Timestamps by Jolene. Thanks!

Intro music is by Ronald Jenkees Send your questions for Dr. Griffin to daniel@microbe.tv

Arturo Casadevall returns to TWiV to explain the use of convalescent plasma to treat COVID-19 patients, and the need to support virology at a time when more regulation of experiments is envisioned.

Hosts: Vincent Racaniello, Alan Dove, and Rich Condit

Guest: Arturo Casadevall

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• Register for ASV 2023
• MicrobeTV Discord Server
• Early treatment of COVID-19 with convalescent plasma (NEJM)
• Neutralization of SARS-CoV-2 by convalescent plasma (Nat Comm)
• Convalescent COVID-19 plasma for immunocompromised patients (JAMA Net Open)
• Virology under the microscope (mSphere)
• Virology in peril (mSphere)
• Emil von Behring Nobel Lecture
• Letters read on TWiV 987
• Timestamps by Jolene. Thanks!

Rich - Flammarion engraving Alan - What Remains of Edith Finch Vincent - The CDC's Long-Covid Deception

Bill - General Relativity For Babies

Intro music is by Ronald Jenkees Send your virology questions and comments to twiv@microbe.tv

In his weekly clinical update Dr. Griffin discusses the efficacy and safety of two RSV vaccines in older adults, health care vaccine mandate remains as some push for an end, past SARS-CoV-2 infection protection against re-infection, a third vaccine dose equalizes the levels of effectiveness and immunogenicity of heterologous or homologous COVID-19 vaccine regimens, Sotrovimab retains activity against SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant BQ.1.1 in a non-human primate model, effect of higher-dose Ivermectin for 6 Days vs placebo on time to sustained recovery in outpatients with COVID-19, viral burden rebound in hospitalized patients with COVID-19 receiving oral antivirals in Hong Kong, serological response to vaccination in post-acute sequelae of COVID, sex differences in cardiovascular complications and mortality in hospital patients with COVID-19, association of COVID-19 vaccination with risk for incident diabetes after COVID-19, postacute sequelae of SARS-CoV-2 in university setting, the CDC's long-Covid deception, and podcast companies, once walking on air, feel the strain of gravity.

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• RSV prefusion F protein vaccine in older adults (NEJM)
• Efficacy and safety of an Ad26.RSV.preF–RSV preF protein vaccine (NEJM)
• Health care vaccine mandate remains as some push for an end (AP)
• Past SARS-CoV-2 infection protection against re-infection (The Lancet)
• A third vaccine dose equalizes the levels of effectiveness and immunogenicity of COVID-19 vaccine regimens (medRxiv)
• Sotrovimab retains activity against SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant in primate model (bioRxiv)
• Effect of higher-dose Ivermectin for 6 days vs placebo in patients with COVID-19 (JAMA)
• Viral burden rebound in patients with COVID-19 receiving oral antivirals (The Lancet)
• Serological response to vaccination in post-acute sequelae of COVID (BMC)
• Sex differences in cardiovascular complications and mortality in patients with COVID-19 (BMI)
• Association of COVID-19 vaccination with risk for incident diabetes after COVID-19 (JAMA)
• Postacute sequelae of SARS-CoV-2 in university setting (CDC)
• The CDC's Long-Covid deception (WSJ)
• Podcast companies, once walking on air, feel the strain of gravity (NYT)
• Contribute to our ASTMH fundraiser at PWB
• Dr. Griffin's treatment guide (pdf)
• Letters read on TWiV 986
• Don't crush Paxlovid (pdf)
• Timestamps by Jolene. Thanks!

Intro music is by Ronald Jenkees Send your questions for Dr. Griffin to daniel@microbe.tv

TWiV reviews an outbreak of Marburg hemorrhagic fever in Equatorial Guinea, wild poliovirus type 3 shedding from a laboratory in the Netherlands, and white-tailed deer as a reservoir for previous SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern.

Hosts: Vincent Racaniello, Dickson Despommier, and Rich Condit

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•Register for ASV 2023 •MicrobeTV Discord Server •Marburg virus disease outbreak in Equatorial Guinea (WHO) •Wild-type poliovirus type 3 from laboratory (Eurosurveillance) •Extinct SARS-CoV-2 VOC in white-tailed deer (PNAS) •Letters read on TWiV 985 •Timestamps by Jolene. Thanks!

Dickson – Jazz Project: Vibraphone: Lionel Hampton/Gary Burton/Cal Jader. Lionel Hampton: Signature album: The Classics Album Collection, Signature song: Flying Home. Gary Burton: Signature album: A Genuine Tong Funeral. Signature song: General Mojo's Well Laid Plan. Cal Jader: Signature album: Latin Kick. Signature song: Soul Sauce (Wachi Wara). Milt Jackson (a member of the Modern Jazz Quartet). Signature song: Ice Skating in Central Park. Rich – The American Phage Group: Founders of Molecular Biology by William C. Summers Vincent – DJ Miss Monique aka Olesia Arkusha

Megan – The Day The Music Stopped: How a 1942 recording ban changed America forever and The Weather Channel presents the best of smooth Jazz

Intro music is by Ronald Jenkees Send your virology questions and comments to twiv@microbe.tv

In his weekly clinical update Dr. Griffin discusses the political polarization of COVID-19 treatments among physicians and laypeople in the United States, seven alternatives to evidence-based medicine, Malawi's cholera death toll crosses 1,300 in its deadliest outbreak on record, impact of coronavirus infections on pediatric patients at a tertiary pediatric hospital, maternal mRNA COVID-19 vaccination during pregnancy and delta or omicron infection or hospital admission in infants, yes masks reduce the risk of spreading infection, despite a review saying they don't, COVID-19 and airborne transmission: science rejected, lives lost. can society do better, what were the historical reasons for the resistance to recognizing airborne transmission during the COVID-19 pandemic, a randomized trial comparing Omicron-containing boosters with the original COVID-19 vaccine mRNA-1273, SARS-CoV-2 neutralizing antibodies after bivalent vs. monovalent booster, the impacts of SARS-CoV-2 vaccine dose separation and targeting on the COVID-19 epidemic in England, intra-host evolution provides for the continuous emergence of SARS-CoV-2 variants, real-world use of Nirmatrelvir–Ritonavir in outpatients with COVID-19 during the era of Omicron variants including BA.4 and BA.5 in Colorado, viral burden rebound in hospitalized patients with COVID-19 receiving oral antivirals in Hong Kong, and guidance on the use of convalescent plasma to treat immunocompromised patients with COVID-19.

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• The political polarization of COVID-19 treatments in the United States (PNAS)
• Seven alternatives to evidence-based medicine (BMJ)
• Malawi's cholera death toll crosses 1,300 (CBC)
• Impact of coronavirus infections on pediatric patients (JHI)
• Maternal mRNA COVID-19 vaccination during pregnancy (BMJ)
• Yes, masks reduce the risk of spreading COVID (TVO)
• COVID-19 and airborne transmission (IDSA)
• What were the reasons for resistance to recognizing airborne transmission (IJIE)
• Comparing Omicron-containing boosters with COVID-19 vaccine mRNA-1273 (medRxiv)
• SARS-CoV-2 neutralizing antibodies after bivalent vs. monovalent booster (bioRxiv)
• The impact of SARS-CoV-2 vaccine dose separation and targeting (Nature)
• Intra-host evolution provides for the emergence of SARS-CoV-2 variants (ASM)
• Real-world use of nirmatrelvir–ritonavir in outpatients with COVID-19 (The Lancet)
• Viral rebound in hospitalized patients with COVID-19 receiving oral antivirals (The Lancet)
• Guidance on the use of convalescent plasma to treat immunocompromised patients with COVID-19 (CID)
• Contribute to our ASTMH fundraiser at PWB
• Dr. Griffin's treatment guide (pdf)
• Letters read on TWiV 984
• Don't crush Paxlovid (pdf)
• Timestamps by Jolene. Thanks!

Intro music is by Ronald Jenkees Send your questions for Dr. Griffin to daniel@microbe.tv

Scott returns to TWiV to explain the development of an experimental mRNA vaccine that encodes hemagglutinin antigens against all known influenza A virus subtypes and influenza B virus lineages, and why he is worried about avian H5N1 influenza virus.

Hosts: Vincent Racaniello, Dickson Despommier, and Brianne Barker

Guest: Scott Hensley

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•Research assistant position at FDA (pdf) •Register for ASV 2023 •MicrobeTV Discord Server •Multivalent influenza mRNA vaccine (Science) •Influenza virus mRNA vaccines circumvent egg adaptation problems (J Virol) •Letters read on TWiV 983 •Timestamps by Jolene. Thanks!

Dickson – Jazz Project: Guitar. Django Reinhardt; Pat Metheny. Signature album: Still Life Talking. Signature song: Last Train Home; Joe Pass (Ella Fitzgerald's favorite guitar accompanist). Signature album: Virtuoso. Signature song: Round Midnight. Brianne – HHMI Virus Explorer Vincent – Chris Luno

John – White-tail deer density and SARS-CoV-2 in white-tail deer Jessica – Classic cases revisited: Oscar the cat and predicting death

Intro music is by Ronald Jenkees Send your virology questions and comments to twiv@microbe.tv