This Week in Virology

TWiV reviews the latest virology news, how infection with a plant virus causes insect to grow long wings, and reverse zoonoses of 2009 H1N1 pandemic influenza viruses in US swine.

Hosts: Vincent Racaniello, Dickson Despommier, Rich Condit, Brianne Barker, and Angela Mingarelli

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• MicrobeTV Discord Server
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• Research assistant position in Rosenfeld Lab CBER/FDA (pdf)
• The New City by Dickson Despommier
• Midwife gave children pellets instead of vaccines (NY Times)
• Vaccine derived poliovirus circulation in Indonesia (WHO)
• 9th case of measles in Philadelphia (City of Philadelphia)
• Measles exposure warning northern Virginia (Virginia DOH)
• China lab sequenced SARS-CoV-2 genome 2 weeks before release (WSJ)
• Wisconsin bill to restrict gain of function experiments (Science)
• Virus infection of insects causes long wings (PNAS)
• Reverse zoonoses of influenza H1N1 virus in swine (PLoS Path)
• Timestamps by Jolene. Thanks!

Dickson – Concerto for Horn and Hardart, P. Schickele Angela – ChatGPT4 Brianne – How mRNA Vaccine Works, Why We Need Two Doses of mRNA Vaccine Rich – Evolutionary basis for the human diet: consequences for human health by P. Andrews, R.J. Johnson Vincent – Virology Lectures 2024

Geoff and Anonymous – Dickson Despommier wants our cities to be like forests

Intro music is by Ronald Jenkees

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In his weekly clinical update, Dr. Griffin reviews most recent statistics on the circulation of respiratory syncytial virus, influenza virus and SARS-CoV-2 virus in the US before discussing vaccine effectiveness in children and adolescents, how the pandemic impacted the socioemotional development of infants and toddlers, continues to dispel the myth of viral rebound, how to pay for Paxlovid, reviews quarantine guidelines, when to use steroids and the benefits of convalescent plasma, examines the role of immune aberrations in long COVID and how vaccination may protect against developing long COVID.

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• Respiratory disease surveillance (CDC)
• RSV surveillance (CDC)
• RSV national trend (CDC)
• Influenza/flu surveillance (CDC)
• Influenza/flu map (CDC)
• COVID-19 hospital admissions (CDC)
• COVID-19 national trend(CDC)
• COVID-19 wastewater testing (biobot)
• Variant tracker (CDC)
• Remember when COVID was bad? (Wired)
• Children and adolescents hospitalized with SARI (Pediatrics)
• COVID-19 vaccines are effective for adolescents (Pediatrics)
• Vaccine effectiveness against long COVID in children (Pediatrics)
• Infant and toddler socioemotional development in the pandemic (JAMA)
• Quarantine/isolation guidelines (CDC)
• Should I take Paxlovid? (NY Times)
• What is this about Paxlovid rebound? (CDC)
• Rebound is NOT the early inflammatory phase (ESMED)
• How to pay for Paxlovid (PAXCESS)
• Molnupiravir safety and efficacy (JMV)
• Convalescent plasma recommendation for immunocompromised (IDSociety)
• Steroids,dexamethasone at the right time (OFID)
• Anticoagulation guidelines (hematology.org)
• T cell dysregulation inflammation and uncoordinated adaptive immune response, Long COVID oh my (Nat Imm)
• Vaccine effectiveness against long COVID (CIDRAP)
• Prevention of long COVID by vaccines (Antimicrobial-stewardship and healthcare)
• Sex and gender relationship with long COVID (Eurosurveillance)
• Are all vaccines equal in preventing Long COVID? (Lancet)
• Vaccine naïve individuals, Long COVID and vaccination (medRxiv)
• Contribute to our MicrobeTV fundraiser at PWB
• Letters read on TWiV 1080
• Dr. Griffin's COVID treatment summary (pdf)
• Timestamps by Jolene. Thanks!

Intro music is by Ronald Jenkees

Send your questions for Dr. Griffin to daniel@microbe.tv

TWiV reveals how viruses participate in the organomineralization of travertines, and how neutralizing antibodies evolve to exploit vulnerable sites in the hepatitis C virus envelope glycoprotein E2 and mediate clearance of infection.

Hosts: Vincent Racaniello, Dickson Despommier, Alan Dove, Rich Condit, Kathy Spindler, and Brianne Barker

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• MicrobeTV Discord Server
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• Research assistant position in Rosenfeld Lab CBER/FDA (pdf)
• The New City by Dickson Despommier
• Global dengue cases rise markedly (WHO)
• Measles outbreak in Philadelphia (Phil Health Dept)
• Viruses and organomineralization of travertine (Sci Rep)
• Neutralizing antibodies and clearance of HCV infection (Immunity)
• Letters read on TWiV 1079
• Timestamps by Jolene. Thanks!

Dickson – Global climate highlights 2023 and 7 new songs you should hear Brianne – Stuff you should know episodes: METI and SETI Kathy – Oppenheimer "Science, Mission, Legacy" documentaries from Los Alamos Lab One Two Three and Los Alamos National Laboratory Summer 2023 National Security Science: The Oppenheimer Issue Rich – The Wager: A Tale of Shipwreck, Mutiny and Murder by David Grann Alan – Less is Morse, an educational game Vincent – Citing Misinformation, Florida Health Official Calls for Halt to Covid Vaccines

Sonrisa – Microorganisms in Perspective Anonymous – Wow! Human Cells Vibrate With Resonant Frequency and It's Technically Audible

Intro music is by Ronald Jenkees

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In his weekly clinical update, Dr. Griffin reviews recent measles outbreaks, prequalification of nOPV2 by the WHO and most recent statistics on the circulation of respiratory syncytial virus, influenza virus and SARS-CoV-2 virus in the US before discussing COVID-19 deaths linked to SNPs in C-reactive protein, spread of recent viral variants, how early vaccination reduced hospitalization of those infected with XBB.1.5, reviewed quarantine guidelines, how oral antivirals reduce hospitalizations, dissociation of antiviral treatment from infection rebound, and long COVID, deaths due to administration of hydroxychloroquine, muscle abnormalities and extreme fatigue in individuals with long COVID-19 and how the economics of where you live make long COVID-19 more severe.

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• A national measles campaign (CDC)
• A nation of measles (CDC)
• The measles unvaccinated in NY (CNN)
• Philadelphia's measles story (Phila gov)
• January's measles outbreak (CNN)
• Prequalify of nOPV2 by WHO (GPEI)
• Did you prequalify for the novel poliovirus vaccine (CIDRAP)
• Respiratory disease surveillance (CDC)
• RSV surveillance (CDC)
• RSV national trend(CDC)
• Influenza/flu surveillance (CDC)
• Influenza/flu map (CDC)
• COVID-19 hospital admissions (CDC)
• COVID-19 national trend (CDC)
• COVID-19 wastewater testing (biobot)
• Death rate and C-reactive protein SNPs and COVID-19 (Scientific Reports)
• Variant tracker (CDC)
• Tracking variant hospitalizations (CDC)
• Early vaccination against XBB.1.5 hospitalization (Eurosurveillance)
• Vaccination dashboard (Netherlands)
• Quarantine/isolation guidelines (CDC)
• Antiviral gap among the non-hospitalized high risk adults (CID)
• Oral antivirals prevent hospitalization (medRxiv)
• Rebound with and without oral antivirals (MMWR)
• Randomized rebound trials (MMWR)
• Know your COVID-19 tools (ESMED)
• The PASC-paxlovid relationship (JAMA)
• Molnupiravir safety and efficacy (JMV)
• Convalescent plasma remmendation for immunocompromised (IDSociety)
• Fluvoxamine for COVID-19 outpatient (RMV)
• Death by hydroxychloroquine (Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy)
• Steroids, dexamethasone at the right time (OFID)
• Anticoagulation guidelines (hematology.org)
• Doxycycline for prevention of progression of COVID-19 (PLoS One)
• Muscle abnormalities in long COVID (Nat Comm)
• Discovery of persistent fatigue in long COVID-19 (Amsterdam Univ Med Crr)
• IMPACC study post-acute sequelae results (Nat Comm)
• Double course of long COVID in low income countries (Nat)
• Contribute to our MicrobeTV fundraiser at PWB
• Letters read on TWiV 1078
• Dr. Griffin's COVID treatment summary (pdf)
• Timestamps by Jolene. Thanks!

Intro music is by Ronald Jenkees

Send your questions for Dr. Griffin to daniel@microbe.tv

Vincent travels to McGill University in Montreal, Canada to join Angela for a discussion of the careers and the research of two faculty members, Corinne Maurice and Jesse Shapiro, and their PhD trainees Anshul Sinha and Sana Naderi.

Hosts: Vincent Racaniello and Angela Mingarelli

Guests: Corinne Maurice, Jesse Shapiro, Anshul Sinha and Sana Naderi

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• The New City by Dickson Despommier
• Phage and colitis (Microbiome)
• Origins and evolution of Lassa virus (Cell)
• Phage replication in human gut microbiota (iScience)
• Phages in infant gut (ISME J)
• Early SARS-CoV-2 transmissions in Quebec (Genome Med)
• Timestamps by Jolene. Thanks!

Intro music is by Ronald Jenkees

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In his weekly clinical update, Dr. Griffin highlights global circulation of Mpox virus, reviews the most recent statistics on the circulation of respiratory syncytial virus, influenza virus and SARS-CoV-2 virus in the US, and discusses the clinical outcome of hospitalized children under 5 years infected with SARS-CoV-2, the perinatal and neonatal outcomes including adverse effects of SARS-CoV-2 infection and virus transmission in Italy between early 2020 and 2022, the guidelines to improve home ventilation, the safety and efficacy of the oral anti-viral molnupiravir and the use of convalescent plasma as a long term treatment as well as treatment specifically for the immune compromised, the ineffectiveness of antibiotics for treating COVID-19, the association of olfactory dysfunction and the administration of corticosteroids and the safety of the RSV vaccines licensed last year.

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• Articles and graphs cited in TWIV CU 1076
• Global mpox circulation (WHO)
• Mpox in the Americas and Europe (CIDRAP)
• Respiratory disease surveillance (CDC)
• RSV surveillance (CDC)
• RSV national trend (CDC)
• Influenza/flu surveillance (CDC)
• Influenza/flu map (CDC)
• COVID-19 hospital admissions (CDC)
• COVID-19 national trend (CDC)
• COVID-19 wastewater testing (biobot)
• Vaccine-Eligible Children Under-5 Years (PIDJ)
• Pre-school cohort vaccination rate (CIDRAP)
• Perinatal transmission and neonatal outcomes (IJID)
• Adverse maternal and neonatal effect (dgalerts)
• Ventilation home improvements (CDC)
• Quarantine/isolation guidelines (CDC)
• Molnupiravir safety and efficacy (JMV)
• Convalescent plasma remmendation for immunocompromised (IDSociety)
• Corticosteroids in SARS-CoV-2
• Anticoagulation guidelines (hematology.org)
• Corticosteroids induced olfactory dysfunction (PLoS One)
• Convalescent Plasma Therapy: Long Term Implications (OFID)
• Preventing RSV infection by vaccination (MMWR)
• Antivirals and chronic kidney disease (CID) Early administraton of molnupiravir versus ritonavir-boosted nirmatrelvir (Lancet Infectious Diseases)
• Contribute to our MicrobeTV fundraiser at PWB
• Letters read on TWiV 1076
• Dr. Griffin's COVID treatment summary (pdf)
• Timestamps by Jolene. Thanks!

Intro music is by Ronald Jenkees

Send your questions for Dr. Griffin to daniel@microbe.tv

For the last episode of 2023, TWiV describes how ancient chicken remains reveal the increase of fitness and virulence of Marek's disease virus, and the diversity and dissemination of Leishmania virus in the pathogenic protozoan Leishmania braziliensis.

Hosts: Vincent Racaniello, Dickson Despommier, Kathy Spindler, Brianne Barker and Angela Mingarelli

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• The New City by Dickson Despommier
• Ancient chickens and Marek's disease virus (Science)
• Diversity and dissemination of Leishmania virus and L. braziliensis (Nat Comm)
• Letters read on TWiV 1074
• Timestamps by Jolene. Thanks!

Dickson – Addictive Mandelbrot video and Gore slams COP28 summit Angela – 10 top-trending health questions you had for Dr. Google in 2023 Brianne – Tomato lost in space has been found Kathy – Earthquakes of the 20th Century Vincent – Animator Chris Georgenes especially Tricycle animation study

Jason – Spot-on, quick booster explainer and "Inverse" vaccine Slashdot's summary. the full article, primary research article Meika – Iceland earthquake site

Intro music is by Ronald Jenkees

Send your virology questions and comments to twiv@microbe.tv

In his weekly clinical update, Dr. Griffin discusses the outcomes of SARS-CoV-2, influenza and respiratory syncytial virus infection in pediatric communities under the age of 18 years, the treatment of infants with the human monoclonal anti-respiratory syncytial virus antibody to prevent hospitalizations, most recent statistics on the circulation of respiratory syncytial virus, influenza virus and SARS-CoV-2 virus in the US, how the SARS-CoV-2/COVID-19 pandemic affected school attendance and child healthcare, how exposure length influenced transmission of SARS-CoV-2, how the durability of the anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibody response to protect against virus re-infection, if administration of oral antiviral therapy affected viral rebound in either the unvaccinated or vaccinated populations, as well as a reminder of the ineffectiveness of antibiotics for treating COVID-19 and the effect of vaccination on post-COVID conditions in children between 5-17 years old.

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• Pediatric outcomes SARS-CoV-2, flu, RSV (JAMA Peds.)
• SARS-CoV-2 vs Flu (Wired)
• Anti-RSV antibody treatment for infants (NEJM)
• Respiratory disease surveillance (CDC)
• RSV surveillance (CDC)
• RSV national trend (CDC)
• Influenza/flu surveillance (CDC)
• COVID-19 hospital admissions (CDC)
• COVID-19 national trend (CDC)
• COVID-19 wastewater testing (biobot)
• COVID-19 school attendance (JPEIDS)
• COVID-19 pandemic effects children health care (JPEIDS)
• Digitally measuring transmission (Nat)
• Antibody titers and re-infection (CMI)
• Oral antiviral and SARS-CoV-2 rebound (MMWR)
• Rebound after antiviral controlled trial (MMWR)
• Vaccination and antiviral therapy (OFID)
• Antivirals and hospitalization (JMV)
• Antivirals molnupiravir (JMV)
• Convalescent plasma and the immunocompromised guidelines (IDSOciety)
• Steroid and the cytokine storm (OFID)
• Anticoagulation guidelines (hematology.org)
• Unnecessary antibiotics (NEJM)
• Vaccination and long COVID (OFID)
• RSV vaccination (MMWR)
• Antivirals and chronic kidney disease (CID)
• Early administraton of molnupiravir versus ritonavir-boosted nirmatrelvir (Lancet)
• Contribute to our MicrobeTV fundraiser at PWB
• Letters read on TWiV 1074
• Dr. Griffin's COVID treatment summary (pdf)
• Timestamps by Jolene. Thanks!

Intro music is by Ronald Jenkees

Send your questions for Dr. Griffin to daniel@microbe.tv

TWiV explains a study showing that ost traits shape virome composition and virus transmission in wild bats, rodents, and shrews, and development of a gB nanoparticle vaccine that elicits a protective neutralizing antibody response against Epstein-Barr virus.

Hosts: Vincent Racaniello, Dickson Despommier, and Kathy Spindler

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• The New City by Dickson Despommier
• Brett Lindenbach passes (Yale Medicine)
• Virome of small mammals (Cell)
• Epstein-Barr virus nanoparticle vaccine (Cell Host Micr)
• Letters read on TWiV 1073
• Timestamps by Jolene. Thanks!

Dickson – Summary of Global Climate Action at COP 28 and Notable Deaths 2023: Music Kathy – Two APODS Winter solstice, 183 Days in the Sun and the Same color illusion Vincent – The American Academy of Microbiology discusses gain-of-function research of concern (GOFROC) and enhanced potential pandemic pathogens (ePPP)

Gregory – Climate Change – A revised prediction – Steven Chu John – Detergent packs are kinda wishy-washy (Technology Connections)

Intro music is by Ronald Jenkees

Send your virology questions and comments to twiv@microbe.tv

In his weekly clinical update Dr. Griffin discusses the annual economic burden of respiratory syncytial virus in adults in the US, recombinant or standard-dose influenza vaccine in adults under 65 years of age, maternal vaccine effectiveness against influenza-associated hospitalizations and emergency department visits in iInfants, influenza positive tests reported to CDC by US clinical laboratories, update on COVID-19, risk of severe maternal morbidity associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection during pregnancy, COVID-19 rapid antigen tests with self-collected vs health care worker–collected nasal and throat swab specimens, optimal timing of nirmatrelvir/ritonavir treatment after COVID-19 symptom onset or diagnosis: target trial emulation, long-term outcomes following hospital admission for COVID-19 versus seasonal influenza: a cohort study, and risk of arrhythmias following COVID-19: nationwide self-controlled case series and matched cohort study.

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• RSV economic burden, US (J Inf Dis)
• Recombinant or standard dose influenza vaccine (NEJM)
• Maternal vaccine effectiveness against influenza in Infants (JAMA Ped)
• Weekly influenza surveillance report (MMWR)
• COVID data tracker (hospital admissions, national trend)
• Risk of severe maternal morbidity associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection (J Inf Dis)
• COVID-19 rapid antigen tests with nasal and throat swab specimens (JAMA Net Open)
• Optimal timing of nirmatrelvir/ritonavir (Nat Comm)
• Long-term outcomes following hospital admission for COVID-19 vs influenza (Lancet)
• Contribute to our MicrobeTV fundraiser at PWB
• Letters read on TWiV 1072
• Dr. Griffin's COVID treatment summary (pdf)
• Timestamps by Jolene. Thanks!

Intro music is by Ronald Jenkees

Send your questions for Dr. Griffin to daniel@microbe.tv

Vincent visits the Max Planck Institute for Medical Research in Heidelberg, Germany to speak with Matthias Fischer about his career and his research on giant viruses, virophages, and their protist hosts.

Host: Vincent Racaniello

Guest: Matthias Fischer

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• MicrobeTV Discord Server
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• Research assistant position in Rosenfeld Lab CBER/FDA (pdf)
• C. roenbergensis giant virus (PNAS)
• Virophage at origin of large DNA transposons (Science)
• Host genome integration and giant virus-induced reactivation of virophage mavirus (Nature)
• Invasion of protist genomes by DNA viruses (PNAS)
• Timestamps by Jolene. Thanks!

Intro music is by Ronald Jenkees

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In his weekly clinical update, Dr. Griffin discusses monkeypox and chickenpox co-infection in southern Nigeria, vaccine effectiveness against influenza A, SARS-CoV-2 neutralizing antibody titers in maternal blood, umbilical cord blood, and breast milk, COVID-19 rapid antigen tests with self-collected vs health care worker–collected nasal and throat swab specimens, four methods for monitoring SARS-CoV-2 and Influenza A virus activity in schools, efficacy and safety of Baricitinib for the treatment of hospitalized adults with COVID-19, a synbiotic preparation (SIM01) for post-acute COVID-19 syndrome in Hong Kong, consistent absence of cerebrospinal fluid biomarker abnormalities in patients with neurocognitive post-COVID complications, and risk of new-onset long COVID following reinfection with SARS-CoV-2.

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• Monkeypox and chickenpox co-infection in southern Nigeria (JID)
• Vaccine effectiveness against influenza A (CID)
• SARS-CoV-2 neutralizing antibody titers in maternal blood, umbilical cord blood, and breast milk (JOP)
• COVID-19 rapid antigen tests with self-collected vs health care worker–collected nasal and throat swab specimens (JAMA)
• Four methods for monitoring SARS-CoV-2 and influenza A virus activity in schools (JAMA)
• Efficacy and safety of Baricitinib for the treatment of hospitalized adults with COVID-19 (EJMR)
• A synbiotic preparation (SIM01) for post-acute COVID-19 syndrome in Hong Kong (The Lancet)
• Consistent absence of cerebrospinal fluid biomarker abnormalities in patients with neurocognitive post-COVID complications (JID)
• Risk of new-onset long COVID following reinfection with SARS-CoV-2 (OFID)
• Contribute to our MicrobeTV fundraiser at PWB
• Dr. Griffin's COVID treatment summary (pdf)
• Timestamps by Jolene. Thanks!

Intro music is by Ronald Jenkees

Send your questions for Dr. Griffin to daniel@microbe.tv

From the European Society for Clinical Virology meeting in Milan, Vincent speaks with Eeva Broberg about her career and her work at the European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control.

Hosts: Vincent Racaniello and Heli Harvala

Guest: Eeva Broberg

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• MicrobeTV Discord Server
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• European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control
• Emerging echovirus 30 in Europe (Emerg Inf Dis)
• RSV surveillance (Eur Resp J)
• Timestamps by Jolene. Thanks!

Intro music is by Ronald Jenkees

Send your virology questions and comments to twiv@microbe.tv

In his weekly clinical update, Dr. Griffin discusses developmental impairment in children exposed during pregnancy to maternal SARS-COV2, vagus nerve dysfunction in the post-COVID-19 condition, and humoral immunity to an endemic coronavirus is associated with postacute sequelae of COVID-19 in individuals with rheumatic diseases, incidence and burden of long COVID in Africa.

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• Developmental impairment in children exposed during pregnancy to maternal SARS-COV2 (IJID)
• Vagus nerve dysfunction in the post-COVID-19 condition (CMI)
• Humoral immunity to an endemic coronavirus is associated with postacute sequelae of COVID-19 in those with rheumatic diseases (STM)
• Incidence and burden of long COVID in Africa (Nature)
• Contribute to our MicrobeTV fundraiser at PWB
• Dr. Griffin's COVID treatment summary (pdf)
• Timestamps by Jolene. Thanks!

Intro music is by Ronald Jenkees

Send your questions for Dr. Griffin to daniel@microbe.tv

On this all-bacteriophage episode, TWiV explains the 'vampire phage', and and how mammalian cells internalize phage particles and utilize them to enhance cell growth and survival.

Hosts: Vincent Racaniello, Dickson Despommier, Alan Dove, Rich Condit, and Jolene Ramsey

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• MicrobeTV Discord Server
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• Global Scholar Travel Awards (ASV)
• Research assistant position in Rosenfeld Lab CBER/FDA (pdf)
• The New City by Dickson Despommier
• Gerd Sutter passes (LMU)
• Avian influenza A (H5N1) Cambodia (WHO)
• CWD expands in Montana (CIDRAP)
• National Wastewater Surveillance System (CDC)
• Vampire phage paper (ISME J)
• UMBC phage hunters (UBMC)
• Vampire viruses prey on other viruses (Conversation)
• Phage internalized by mammalian cells (PLoS Biol)
• Phage uptake by mammalian cells (iScience)
• Phage-mammalian cell interactions (Ann Rev Virol)
• Timestamps by Jolene. Thanks!

Dickson – Biden skips climate summit (NY Times) Rich – Lilium electric VTOL jet Alan – The Far Land, by Brandon Presser Jolene – Bacteriophage T4 infection watercolor painting by David Goodsell Vincent – Using narratives and storytelling to communicate science with nonexpert audiences

Darach – It depends t-shirt

Intro music is by Ronald Jenkees

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In his weekly clinical update, Dr. Griffin discusses a microbiologist who was harassed during COVID pandemic sues university, use of inactivated poliovirus vaccine for poliovirus outbreak response, safety and immunogenicity of bivalent rsvpref vaccine coadministered with seasonal inactivated influenza vaccine in older adults, coffee as a dietary strategy to prevent SARS-CoV-2 infection, enrollment of pediatric patients in COVID-19 interventional trials, vaccination, immunity, and the changing impact of COVID-19 on infant health, COVID-19 vaccine effectiveness against post- COVID -19 condition among 589722 individuals in Sweden, repeated Omicron exposures override ancestral SARS-CoV-2 immune imprinting, protection conferred by COVID-19 vaccination, prior SARS-CoV-2 infection, or hybrid immunity against Omicron-associated severe outcomes among community-dwelling adults, the Novavax heterologous COVID booster demonstrates lower reactogenicity than mRNA vaccines, T cell responses to SARS-CoV-2 infection and vaccination are elevated in B cell deficiency and reduce risk of severe COVID-19, oral VV116 versus placebo in patients with mild-to-moderate COVID-19 in China, and how COVID-19 convalescent plasma therapy decreases inflammatory cytokines, therapeutic heparin in non-ICU patients hospitalized for COVID-19 in the ACTIV-4a trial.

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• Microbiologist who was harassed during COVID pandemic sues university (Nature)
• Use of inactivated poliovirus vaccine for outbreak response (The Lancet)
• Safety and immunogenicity of bivalent RSVpreF vaccine coadministered with Influenza vaccine (CID)
• Coffee as a dietary strategy to prevent SARS-CoV-2 infection (BMC)
• Enrollment of pediatric patients in COVID-19 interventional trials (JAMA)
• Vaccination, immunity, and the changing impact of COVID-19 on infant health (PNAS)
• COVID-19 vaccine effectiveness against post- COVID -19 condition (BMJ)
• Repeated Omicron exposures override ancestral SARS-CoV-2 immune imprinting (Nature)
• Protection conferred by COVID-19 vaccination, prior SARS-CoV-2 infection, or hybrid immunity against Omicron-associated severe outcomes (CID)
• Novavax heterologous COVID booster demonstrates lower reactogenicity than mRNA (JID)
• T-cell responses to SARS-CoV-2 infection and vaccination reduce risk of severe COVID-19 (STM)
• Oral VV116 vs placebo in patients with mild-to-moderate COVID-19 in China (The Lancet)
• COVID-19 convalescent plasma therapy decreases inflammatory cytokines (MS)
• Therapeutic heparin in non-ICU patients hospitalized for COVID-19 in the ACTIV-4a trial (Chest)
• Contribute to our MicrobeTV fundraiser at PWB
• Letters read on TWiV on TWiV 1066
• Dr. Griffin's COVID treatment summary (pdf)
• Timestamps by Jolene. Thanks!

Intro music is by Ronald Jenkees

Send your questions for Dr. Griffin to daniel@microbe.tv

TWiV reviews ban on gain-of-function research by the House, chronic wasting disease in Tennessee deer, nOPV2 causing paralysis in children, and an outbreak of feline infectious peritonitis in Cyprus caused by a new recombinant coronavirus.

Hosts: Vincent Racaniello, Dickson Despommier, Alan Dove, Rich Condit, Kathy Spindler, and Brianne Barker

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• MicrobeTV Discord Server
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• Global Scholar Travel Awards (ASV)
• Research assistant position in Rosenfeld Lab CBER/FDA (pdf)
• The New City by Dickson Despommier
• House approves ban on gain-of-function research (Science)
• Virology under the microscope (J Virol)
• CWD detected in another Tennessee county (CIDRAP)
• Polio eradication: Do no harm (Science)
• nOPV2 causes polio (MMWR)
• How is nOPV2 doing? (Polioeradication.org)
• Feline infectious peritonitis caused by recombinant coronavirus (bioRxiv)
• New feline coronavirus kills thousands of cats (Science)
• Feline coronavirus with Gary Whittaker (TWiV 963)
• Letters read on TWiV 1065
• Timestamps by Jolene. Thanks!

Dickson – Climate Action and How to find joy in climate action Brianne – A Virus that Generates Electricity Kathy – Intolerable Genius: Berkeley's most controversial Nobel laureate Rich – Programmed DNA Elimination (PDE): Quanta; Current Biology Alan – KBDfans mechanical keyboard kits Vincent – The Covid Vaccine Windfall Turns for Pfizer and Moderna

Meika – Iceland Eruption or not?

Intro music is by Ronald Jenkees

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In his weekly clinical update, Dr. Griffin discusses progress toward measles elimination, risk of severe coronavirus disease 2019 despite vaccination in patients requiring treatment with immune-suppressive drugs, symptoms, viral loads, and rebound among COVID-19 outpatients treated with nirmatrelvir/ritonavir compared to propensity score matched untreated individuals, late administration and corticosteroid usage explain inefficacy in COVID-19 convalescent plasma trial, higher-dose fluvoxamine and time to sustained recovery in outpatients with COVID-19, recombinant C1 inhibitor in the prevention of severe COVID-19, and Epstein-Barr virus reactivation is not causative for post-COVID-19-syndrome in individuals with asymptomatic or mild SARS-CoV-2 disease course.

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• Progress toward measles elimination (CDC)
• Risk of severe COVID-19 despite vaccination in patients using immune-suppressive drugs (TID)
• Symptoms, viral loads, and rebound among COVID-19 outpatients treated with nirmatrelvir/ritonavir compared to untreated individuals (CID)
• Late administration and corticosteroid usage explain inefficacy in COVID-19 convalescent plasma trial (JID)
• Higher-dose fluvoxamine and time to sustained recovery in outpatients with COVID-19 (JAMA)
• Recombinant C1 inhibitor in the prevention of severe COVID-19 (FII)
• Epstein-Barr virus reactivation is not causative for post-COVID-19-syndrome in individuals with SARS-CoV-2 disease course (BMC)
• Contribute to our MicrobeTV fundraiser at PWB 37:55
• Letters read on TWiV on TWiV 1062 38:16
• Dr. Griffin's COVID treatment summary (pdf)
• Timestamps by Jolene. Thanks!

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Kevin Messacar visits the Incubator to discuss his career as a pediatric infectious disease physician, and his work on enteroviruses that are associated with acute flaccid myelitis and other diseases.

Host: Vincent Racaniello

Guest: Kevin Messacar

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• MicrobeTV Discord Server
• MicrobeTV store at Cafepress
• Global Scholar Travel Awards (ASV)
• Research assistant position in Rosenfeld Lab CBER/FDA (pdf)
• Emergence of EV-D68 (Microbio Spectr)
• 2014 outbreak of EV-D68 (J Med Virol)
• EV-D68 shedding in households (Emerg Inf Dis)
• EV-A71 outbreak in Colorado (Lancet Inf Dis)

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In his weekly clinical update, Dr. Griffin discusses coverage with selected vaccines and exemption from school vaccine requirements among children in kindergarten, seasonality of endemic COVID-19, mRNA SARS-CoV-2 vaccination before vs during pregnancy and omicron infection among infants, extracting symptoms from free-text responses using ChatGPT among COVID-19 cases in Hong Kong, SARS-CoV-2 virologic rebound with nirmatrelvir–ritonavir therapy, optimization of antiviral therapy in immunocompromised COVID-19 patients, a study to learn about the study medicines (nirmatrelvir plus ritonavir) in people aged 12 years or older with COVID-19 and a compromised immune system, evaluation of the safety profile and therapeutic efficacy of Remdesivir in children with SARS-CoV-2 infection, effect of neutralizing monoclonal antibody treatment on early trajectories of virologic and immunologic biomarkers in patients hospitalized with COVID-19, and SARS-CoV-2 virologic rebound with nirmatrelvir–ritonavir therapy.

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• Coverage with selected vaccines and exemption from school vaccine requirements among (CDC)
• Seasonality of endemic COVID-19 (Virology)
• mRNA SARS-CoV-2 vaccination before vs during pregnancy and Omicron infection among infants (JAMA)
• Extracting symptoms from responses using ChatGPT among COVID-19 cases (CMI)
• SARS-CoV-2 virologic rebound with nirmatrelvir–ritonavir therapy (AIM)
• Optimization of antiviral therapy in immunocompromised COVID-19 patients (ClinicalTrials)
• A study to learn about nirmatrelvir/ritonavir in people with COVID-19 and a compromised immune system (ClinicalTrials)
• Evaluation of the safety profile and therapeutic efficacy of remdesivir in children with SARS-CoV-2 infection (EJP)
• Effect of neutralizing monoclonal antibody treatment on virologic and immunologic biomarkers in patients with COVID-19 (JID)
• SARS-CoV-2 virologic rebound with nirmatrelvir–ritonavir therapy (AIM)
• Contribute to our MicrobeTV fundraiser at PWB
• Letters read on TWiV on TWiV 1062
• Dr. Griffin's COVID treatment summary (pdf)
• Timestamps by Jolene. Thanks!

Intro music is by Ronald Jenkees

Send your questions for Dr. Griffin to daniel@microbe.tv

TWiV reveals a prediction of the expected endemic seasonality of COVID-19, based on circulation of human coronaviruses, and ecological clearance of vaccine-targeted human papillomaviruses and an increase in circulation of non-targeted virus types.

Hosts: Vincent Racaniello, Dickson Despommier, Alan Dove, and Kathy Spindler

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• MicrobeTV Discord Server
• MicrobeTV store at Cafepress
• Global Scholar Travel Awards (ASV)
• Research assistant position in Rosenfeld Lab CBER/FDA (pdf)
• The New City by Dickson Despommier
• Seasonality of endemic COVID-19 (mBio)
• Diversity of non-vaccine targeted HPVs (Cell Host Microbe)
• Wart's up doc? (TWiV 126)
• Letters read on TWiV 1061
• Timestamps by Jolene. Thanks!

Dickson – 2023 expected to be hottest year on record after warmest October ever Kathy – You can see the ISS toolbag with binoculars, Billy Collins wikipedia, What dogs think (probably) Alan – Landmark case to get sanitation declared a civil right Vincent – SciComm Studios

Charmaine – Petition fo National Science Appreciation Day Peter – Let's eradicate polio this winter

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In his weekly clinical update, Dr. Griffin discusses stress in America 2023, CDC expanding testing of international air traveler samples to include flu, RSV, and other respiratory viruses, missed opportunities for preventing congenital syphilis, intrinsic and effective severity of COVID-19 cases infected with the ancestral strain and omicron BA.2 variant in Hong Kong, T-cell immunity against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 measured by an interferon-γ release assay is strongly associated with patient outcomes in vaccinated persons hospitalized with delta or omicron variants, masks during pandemics caused by respiratory pathogens, behavioral factors and SARS-CoV-2 transmission heterogeneity within a household cohort in Costa Rica, convalescent plasma for Covid-19–induced ARDS in mechanically ventilated patients, and olfactory and gustatory function 3 years after mild COVID-19.

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• Stress in America 2023 (APA)
• CDC expands testing of international air traveler samples to include flu RSV, and other respiratory viruses (CDC)
• Missed opportunities for preventing congenital syphilis (CDC)
• Intrinsic and effective severity of COVID-19 case infected with BA.2 variant (JID)
• Masks during pandemics caused by respiratory pathogens (JAMA)
• Behavioral factors and SARS-CoV-2 transmission within a household cohort (Nature)
• Convalescent plasma for Covid-19–induced ARDS in mechanically ventilated patients (NEJM)
• Olfactory and gustatory function 3 years after mild COVID-19 (JAMA)
• Contribute to our MicrobeTV fundraiser at PWB
• Letters read on TWiV on TWiV 1060
• Dr. Griffin's COVID treatment summary (pdf)
• Timestamps by Jolene. Thanks!

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On this episode of TWiV we discuss unusual properties of monoclonal antibodies: one that that binds the receptor attachment site and blocks infection with all three poliovirus serotypes, and others that inhibit Ebolavirus spread from cell to cell.

Hosts: Vincent Racaniello, Dickson Despommier, Alan Dove, Rich Condit, and Angela Mingarelli

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• MicrobeTV Discord Server
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• Global Scholar Travel Awards (ASV)
• Research assistant position in Rosenfeld Lab CBER/FDA (pdf)
• Monoclonal antibody neutralizes all three poliovirus serotypes (Nat Comm)
• Blocking Ebolavirus intercellular spread (Cell Rep)
• Letters read on TWiV 1059
• Timestamps by Jolene. Thanks!

Dickson – Climate Science Angela – Spider Ballooning (Wikipedia) Kathy – Richard Harris Art Collection Rich – "The Murderbot Diaries" by Martha Wells Alan – Old Gods of Appalachia Vincent – Poetry Foundation

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In his weekly clinical update, Dr. Griffin discusses health worker–perceived working conditions and symptoms of poor mental health, Mpox neutralizing antibodies at 6 months from mpox infection or MVA-BN vaccination, newborn and early infant outcomes following maternal COVID-19 vaccination during pregnancy, duration of SARS-CoV-2 culturable virus shedding in children, prescribing outcomes in outpatients treated with nirmatrelvir–ritonavir for COVID-19 in an interdisciplinary community clinic, Nirmatrelvir and molnupiravir and post-COVID-19 condition in older patients, optimal duration of systemic corticosteroids in COVID-19 treatment, association between Guillain-Barré syndrome and COVID-19 infection and vaccination, SARS-CoV-2 infection correlates with male benign prostatic hyperplasia deterioration, Transplanting candidates with COVID-19, and favorable experience of transplant strategy including liver grafts from COVID-19 donors.

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• Routine vaccination coverage (CDC)
• Outbreak of invasive Group A Streptococcus in children (PIDS)
• Nirmatrelvir/ritonavir use in pregnant women with SARS-CoV-2 (Nature)
• Outcomes of SARS-CoV-2 omicron variant infections compared with seasonal influenza and RSV infections in adults (CID)
• Remdesivir is associated with reduced mortality in COVID-19 patients requiring oxygen (OFID)
• Effectiveness of nirmatrelvir/ritonavir against the development of Post–COVID-19 conditions among U.S. veterans (AIM)
• Contribute to our MicrobeTV fundraiser at PWB
• Letters read on TWiV 1058
• Dr. Griffin's COVID treatment summary (pdf)
• Timestamps by Jolene. Thanks!

Intro music is by Ronald Jenkees

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Klaus Früh visits the Incubator to discuss his career and his work on cytomegalovirus-vectored vaccines which are unique in their ability to persistently maintain an immune shield of effector memory T cells, including highly unconventional MHC-II and MHC-E restricted CD8+ T cells.

Host: Vincent Racaniello, Rich Condit, and Brianne Barker

Guest: Klaus Früh

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• MicrobeTV Discord Server
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• Spike shirts at vaccinated.us (promo code Microbetv)
• Research assistant position in Rosenfeld Lab CBER/FDA (pdf)
• HCMV-based attenuated vaccine platform (Sci Rep)
• HLA-E-restricted, Gag-specific CD8+ T cells suppress HIV-1 infection (Sci Immunol)
• RhCMV/SIV vaccine shows long-term efficacy against SIV challenge (Sci Transl Med)
• Timestamps by Jolene. Thanks!

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In his weekly clinical update, Dr. Griffin discusses health worker–perceived working conditions and symptoms of poor mental health, Mpox neutralizing antibodies at 6 months from mpox infection or MVA-BN vaccination, newborn and early infant outcomes following maternal COVID-19 vaccination during pregnancy, duration of SARS-CoV-2 culturable virus shedding in children, prescribing outcomes in outpatients treated with nirmatrelvir–ritonavir for COVID-19 in an interdisciplinary community clinic, Nirmatrelvir and molnupiravir and post-COVID-19 condition in older patients, optimal duration of systemic corticosteroids in COVID-19 treatment, association between Guillain-Barré syndrome and COVID-19 infection and vaccination, SARS-CoV-2 infection correlates with male benign prostatic hyperplasia deterioration, Transplanting candidates with COVID-19, and favorable experience of transplant strategy including liver grafts from COVID-19 donors.

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• Health worker–perceived working conditions and symptoms of poor mental health (CDC)
• Neutralizing antibodies at 6 months from mpox infection or MVA-BN vaccination (The Lancet)
• Newborn and early infant outcomes following maternal COVID-19 vaccination during pregnancy (JAMA)
• Duration of SARS-CoV-2 culturable virus shedding in children (JAMA)
• Prescribing outcomes in outpatients treated with PAXLOVID for COVID-19 (PLOS ONE)
• Nirmatrelvir and molnupiravir and post–COVID-19 condition in older patients (JAMA)
• Optimal duration of systemic corticosteroids in COVID-19 treatment (OFID)
• Intravenous vitamin C for patients hospitalized with COVID-19 (JAMA)
• Association between Guillain-Barré syndrome and COVID-19 infection and vaccination (NH)
• SARS-CoV-2 infection correlates with male benign prostatic hyperplasia deterioration (JIM)
• Transplanting candidates with COVID-19 (TID)
• Favorable experience of transplant strategy including liver grafts from COVID-19 donors (TID)
• Contribute to our Floating Doctors fundraiser at PWB
• Letters read on TWiV 1056
• Dr. Griffin's COVID treatment summary (pdf)
• Timestamps by Jolene. Thanks!

Intro music is by Ronald Jenkees

Send your questions for Dr. Griffin to daniel@microbe.tv

Vincent travels to the University of Vermont to speak with Jason, Emily, Jessica, and Dimitry about their careers and their work on SARS-CoV-2, hantaviruses, poliovirus, influenza virus, and the involvement of viruses in the autoimmune disease multiple sclerosis.

Host: Vincent Racaniello

Guests: Jason Botten, Emily Bruce, Jessica Crothers, and Dimitry Krementsov

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• MicrobeTV Discord Server
• MicrobeTV store at Cafepress
• Spike shirts at vaccinated.us (promo code Microbetv)
• Research assistant position in Rosenfeld Lab CBER/FDA (pdf)
• Lab worker contamination with SARS-CoV-2 plasmid DNA (J Clin Micro)
• Fractional dose poliovirus vaccine (Vaccine)
• No SARS-CoV-2 RNA in Vermont wildlife (Sci Rep)
• Predicting SARS-CoV-2 infectivity from RT-PCR (EMBO Mol Med)
• Timestamps by Jolene. Thanks!

Intro music is by Ronald Jenkees

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In his weekly clinical update, Dr. Griffin discusses high Influenza incidence and disease severity among children and adolescents aged

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• High Influenza incidence and disease severity among children and adolescents aged
• Neurologic effects of SARS-CoV-2 transmitted among dogs (EID)
• Effectiveness of mRNA vaccines against Omicron XBB infection in Singaporean children (JAMA)
• Effectiveness of COVID-19 vaccine in the prevention of post-COVID conditions (ASHE)
• Incidence and impact of acute pericarditis in hospitalized patients with COVID‐19 (JAHA)
• Serotonin reduction in post-acute sequelae of viral infection (Cell)
• Prevalence and risk factors for long COVID and post-COVID-19 in Africa (The Lancet)
• Safety profile and clinical and virological outcomes of nirmatrelvir-ritonavir treatment in patients with kidney disease and COVID-19 (CID)
• Antiviral efficacy of molnupiravir vs ritonavir-boosted nirmatrelvir in patients with early symptomatic COVID-19
• Contribute to our Floating Doctors fundraiser at PWB
• Letters read on TWiV 1054
• Dr. Griffin's COVID treatment summary (pdf)
• Timestamps by Jolene. Thanks!

Intro music is by Ronald Jenkees

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From the Centers for Excellence in Influenza Research and Response meeting in Baltimore, Vincent speaks with Ron Fouchier, Rafael Medina, and Louse Moncla about recent changes in the epidemiology of avian H5N1 influenza virus and the threat to humans and other animals.

Host: Vincent Racaniello

Guests: Ron Fouchier, Rafael Medina, and Louise Moncla

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• MicrobeTV Discord Server
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• Spike shirts at vaccinated.us (promo code Microbetv)
• Research assistant position in Rosenfeld Lab CBER/FDA (pdf)
• Centers for Influenza Research and Response Network
• Transatlantic spread of avian H5N1 influenza virus (Sci Rep)
• In-host diversity of influenza H5N1 virus (PLoS Path)
• Influenza H5N1 virus and mass mortality in sea lions (Vet Q.)
• Timestamps by Jolene. Thanks!

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In his weekly clinical update, Dr. Griffin discusses disease severity of RSV compared with COVID-19 and Influenza among hospitalized adults aged ≥60 years, antiviral efficacy of Molnupiravir versus ritonavir-boosted nirmatrelvir in patients with early symptomatic COVID-19, Nirmatrelvir-Ritonavir and COVID-19 mortality and hospitalization among patients with vulnerability to covid-19 complications, antibiotic use among hospitalized patients with COVID-19 in the United States, one week of oral Camostat vs Placebo in nonhospitalized adults with mild-to-moderate COVID-19, assessment of the available therapeutic approaches for severe COVID-19, optimal duration of systemic Corticosteroids in COVID-19 treatment, effect of monovalent COVID-19 vaccines on viral interference between SARS-CoV-2 and several DNA viruses in patients with long-COVID syndrome, local budesonide therapy in the management of persistent hyposmia in suspected non-severe COVID-19 patients, and the safety profile and clinical and virological outcomes of Nirmatrelvir-Ritonavir treatment in patients with advanced chronic Kidney disease and COVID-19.

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• Disease severity of RSV compared with COVID-19 and Influenza among hospitalized adults
• Antiviral efficacy of molnupiravir vs ritonavir-nirmatrelvir in patients with symptomatic COVID-19 (The Lancet)
• Nirmatrelvir-Ritonavir and COVID-19 mortality and hospitalization among patients with vulnerability to complications (JAMA)
• Antibiotic use among hospitalized patients with COVID-19 (OFID)
• One week of oral Camostat vs placebo in non-hospitalized adults with COVID-19
• Assessment of the available therapeutic approaches for severe COVID-19 (Nature)
• Optimal duration of systemic Corticosteroids in COVID-19 treatment (OFID)
• Effect of monovalent COVID-19 vaccines on viral interference between SARS-CoV-2 and in patients with long-COVID syndrome (Nature)
• Local budesonide therapy in the management of persistent hyposmia in suspected COVID-19 patients (JID)
• Safety profile and clinical and virological outcomes of Nirmatrelvir-Ritonavir treatment in patients with Kidney disease and COVID-19
• Contribute to our Floating Doctors fundraiser at PWB
• Letters read on TWiV 1052
• Dr. Griffin's COVID treatment summary (pdf)
• Timestamps by Jolene. Thanks!

Intro music is by Ronald Jenkees

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TWiV reviews the 2023 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine awarded to Katalin Karikó and Drew Weissman for their identification nucleoside base modifications that enabled the development of effective mRNA vaccines against COVID-19, and accelerated mutation of SARS-CoV-2 in white-tailed deer.

Hosts: Vincent Racaniello, Dickson Despommier, Alan Dove, and Angela Mingarelli

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• MicrobeTV Discord Server
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• Spike shirts at vaccinated.us (promo code Microbetv)
• Research assistant position in Rosenfeld Lab CBER/FDA (pdf)
• 2023 Nobel Prize Physiology or Medicine (Nobelprize.org)
• Evading a toll on the road to mRNA vaccines (TWiV 860)
• Katalin Karikó's overlooked work (Wired)
• Accelerated mutation of SARS-CoV-2 in deer (Nat Comm)
• Letters read on TWiV 1051
• Timestamps by Jolene. Thanks!

Dickson – The New City. How to Build Our Sustainable Urban Future Angela – 2023 Nobel Peace Prize Alan – The Ruin of All Witches, by Malcolm Gaskill Vincent – France kicks off bird flu vaccination despite trade backlash risk

Charles – David Brooks and the $78 airport meal the internet is talking about John – Periodic Table of the Elements: Origins of the Elements AZ – Bronze statue of laboratory mouse knitting DNA in Russia

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In his weekly clinical update, Dr. Griffin discusses the effectiveness of maternal mRNA COVID-19 vaccination during pregnancy against COVID-19–associated hospitalizations in infants aged

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• Effectiveness of maternal mRNA COVID-19 vaccination during pregnancy against COVID-19–associated hospitalizations in infants (CDC)
• COVID-19 vaccination recommendations and practices for women of reproductive age (CDC)
• Molnupiravir for intra-household prevention of COVID-19 (JOI)
• Delayed peak SARS-CoV-2 viral loads relative to symptom onset and implications for COVID-19 testing programs
• Viral kinetics of sequential SARS-CoV-2 infections (Nature)
• FDA authorizes updated Novavax COVID-19 vaccine (FDA)
• Antiviral efficacy of molnupiravir vs ritonavir/nirmatrelvir in patients with COVID-19 (The Lancet)
• Long-term cardiovascular, cerebrovascular, and other thrombotic complications in COVID-19 survivors (CID)
• SARS-CoV-2 infection triggers pro-atherogenic inflammatory responses in coronary vessels (NCR)
• Efficacy of gabapentin For Post–COVID-19
• Contribute to our Floating Doctors fundraiser at PWB
• Letters read on TWiV 1050
• Dr. Griffin's COVID treatment summary (pdf)
• Timestamps by Jolene. Thanks!

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TWiV explains how immune profiling was used to identify distinguishing features of Long COVID, and how a co-opted feline endogenous retroviral envelope promotes cell survival by controlling copper transport and homeostasis in cats.

Hosts: Vincent Racaniello, Alan Dove, Rich Condit, and Brianne Barker

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• MicrobeTV Discord Server
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• Spike shirts at vaccinated.us (promo code Microbetv)
• Research assistant position in Rosenfeld Lab CBER/FDA (pdf)
• Features of Long COVID (Nature)
• ERV envelope mediates feline copper homeostasis (Cell Rep)
• Letters read on TWiV 1049
• Timestamps by Jolene. Thanks!

Brianne – Webb spots a building block of life on Jupiter's moon Europa Rich – Are we really made of 'star stuff?' Learn about your body's elements Alan – Avian flu has reached the Galàpagos Vincent – Why the US can't have nice things

Az – Free solo

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In his weekly clinical update, Dr. Griffin discusses a molnupiravir-associated mutational signature in global SARS-CoV-2 genomes, inhaled fluticasone furoate for outpatient treatment of COVID-19, optimal duration of systemic corticosteroids in COVID-19 treatment, early antibody treatment, inflammation, and risk of post-COVID conditions, autonomic dysregulation in long-term patients suffering from post-COVID-19 syndrome assessed by heart rate variability, and multiorgan MRI findings after hospitalization with COVID-19 in the UK.

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• Molnupiravir-associated mutational signature in global SARS-CoV-2 genomes (Nature)
• Inhaled fluticasone furoate for outpatient treatment of COVID-19 (NEJM)
• Optimal duration of systemic corticosteroids in COVID-19 treatment (OFID)
• Distinguishing features of Long COVID identified through immune profiling (Nature)
• Early antibody treatment, inflammation, and risk of post-COVID conditions (mBIO)
• Autonomic dysregulation in long-term patients suffering from post COVID-19 syndrome (SR)
• Multiorgan MRI findings after hospitalization with COVID-19 in the UK (The Lancet)
• Contribute to our Floating Doctors fundraiser at PWB
• Letters read on TWiV 1048
• Dr. Griffin's COVID treatment summary (pdf)
• Timestamps by Jolene. Thanks!

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TWiV explains a study of postacute sequelae of COVID-19 at 2 years, and respiratory droplet transmission of human-isolated avian H3N8 influenza virus between ferrets.

Hosts: Vincent Racaniello, Dickson Despommier, Rich Condit, and Brianne Barker

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• MicrobeTV Discord Server
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• Research assistant position in Rosenfeld Lab CBER/FDA (pdf) 4:20
• Postacute sequelae of COVID-19 at 2 years (Nat Med)
• Disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) (WHO)
• Respiratory droplet transmission of H3N8 virus (Cell)
• Letters read on TWiV 1047
• Timestamps by Jolene. Thanks!

Dickson – UN Climate Action and California sues oil companies for exacerbating climate change Brianne – COVID Drugs are a Miracle Cure for Cats Rich – American Prometheus by Kai Bird and Martin J. Sherwin Vincent – Free Carl Zimmer writings

Anne – She wrote to a scientist about her fatigue. It inspired a breakthrough. Alan – This Tiny Parasitic Wasp Can Drill Through Plastic

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In his weekly clinical update, Dr. Griffin discusses wastewater surveillance data as a complement to emergency department visit data for tracking the incidence of influenza A and RSV, chatbot-delivered online intervention to promote seasonal Influenza vaccination during the COVID-19 pandemic, temporal assessment of disparities in California COVID-19 mortality by industry, modeling the impact of a high-uptake bivalent booster scenario on the COVID-19 burden and healthcare costs in New York City, can high COVID-19 vaccination rates in adults help protect unvaccinated children, Nirmatrelvir/Ritonavir use and hospitalizations or death in previously uninfected non-hospitalized high-risk population with COVID-19, Optimal duration of systemic corticosteroids in COVID-19 treatment, and vaccination after developing long COVID.

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• Wastewater surveillance data as a complement to tracking incidence of influenza A and RSV (CDC)
• Chatbot-delivered online intervention to promote seasonal influenza vaccination (JAMA)
• Temporal assessment of disparities in California COVID-19 mortality by industry (AOE)
• CDC/HICPAC's plan to weaken guidance for health care respiratory protection and infection control (NNU)
• Modelling the impact of a high-uptake bivalent booster scenario on COVID-19 burden (The Lancet)
• Can high COVID-19 vaccination rates in adults help protect unvaccinated children? (ES)
• Paxlovid use and hospitalizations or death in previously uninfected high-risk population with COVID-19 (JID)
• Optimal duration of systemic corticosteroids in COVID-19 treatment (OFID)
• Vaccination after developing long COVID (IJID)
• Contribute to our Floating Doctors fundraiser at PWB
• Letters read on TWiV 1046
• Dr. Griffin's COVID treatment summary (pdf)
• Timestamps by Jolene. Thanks!

Intro music is by Ronald Jenkees

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TWiV reviews a Lassa virus mRNA vaccine that confers protection against disease without inducing neutralizing antibodies, and a CRISPR-based method for engineering the genome of RNA viruses.

Hosts: Vincent Racaniello, Alan Dove, Rich Condit, Brianne Barker, and Angela Mingarelli

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• MicrobeTV Discord Server
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• Research assistant position in Rosenfeld Lab CBER/FDA (pdf)
• Virologist Bob Lamb dies (Northwestern Now)
• Lassa virus mRNA vaccine (Nat Commun)
• CRISPR engineering of RNA viruses (Sci Adv)
• Letters read on TWiV 1045
• Timestamps by Jolene. Thanks!

Angela – More than 5,000 new species discovered in Pacific deep-sea mining hotspot (journal article) Brianne – The story of our universe may be starting to unravel Rich – Sunlight Changes Unequally All Year Long Alan – Arm swing asymmetry in overground walking Vincent – The Farm at the Javits Center

Asal – Ig Nobel Prizes honor zombie spiders, rock-licking scientists, and a clever commode

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In his weekly clinical update, Dr. Griffin discusses the immunogenicity and reactogenicity of coadministration of COVID-19 and Influenza vaccines, interim effectiveness estimates of 2023 southern hemisphere influenza vaccines in preventing Influenza-associated hospitalizations, genome-wide association study of susceptibility to RSV hospitalization in young children

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• Immunogenicity and reactogenicity of coadministration of COVID-19 and Influenza vaccines (JAMA)
• Effectiveness estimates of Influenza vaccines in preventing associated hospitalizations (CDC)
• Genome-wide association study of susceptibility to RSV hospitalization in children (JID)
• Performance of rapid antigen tests to detect SARS-CoV-2 infection (AIN)
• Safety and immunogenicity of XBB.1.5-containing mRNA vaccines (medRxiv)
• C.D.C. director explains why you should get the latest Covid booster (Nytimes)
• Optimal duration of systemic corticosteroids in COVID-19 treatment (OFID)
• Timing and predictors of loss of infectivity among healthcare workers with COVID-19 (CID)
• Effect of famotidine on cognitive and behavioral dysfunctions induced in post-COVID-19 infection (JPR)
• Contribute to our Floating Doctors fundraiser at PWB
• Letters read on TWiV 1044
• Dr. Griffin's COVID treatment summary (pdf)
• Timestamps by Jolene. Thanks!

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From the European Society for Clinical Virology meeting in Milan, Vincent speaks with Marion Koopmans about COVID-19, Mpox, H5N1 and polio, and the promise of a One Health approach to prevent outbreaks, epidemics, and pandemics.

Host: Vincent Racaniello

Guest: Marion Koopmans

Click arrow to play Download TWiV 1043 (45 MB .mp3, 62 min) Subscribe (free): Apple Podcasts, Google Podcasts, RSS, email

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• MicrobeTV Discord Server
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• Research assistant position in Rosenfeld Lab CBER/FDA (pdf)
• SARS-CoV-2 variants in Rotterdam wastewater (Sci Tot Environ)
• SARS-CoV-2 in mink and other animals (Transbound Emerg Dis)
• Mpox in Netherlands (EuroSurveill)
• Divergent SARS-CoV-2 in immunocompromised patient (Emerg Inf Dis)
• Accelerated SARS-CoV-2 evolution in deer (Nat Commun)
• Timestamps by Jolene. Thanks!

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In his weekly clinical update, Dr. Griffin discusses China's health authorities fighting surge in cases of Mpox unknown origin, analysis of seasonal variation of antibiotic prescribing for respiratory tract diagnoses in primary care practices, prevalence and associated outcomes of co-infection between SARS-CoV-2 and influenza, comparison of bivalent and monovalent mRNA vaccine boosters, optimal duration of systemic corticosteroids in COVID-19 treatment, acute blood biomarker profiles predict cognitive deficits 6 and 12 months after COVID-19 hospitalization, temporal changes in fecal microbiota of patients infected with COVID-19, and long-term survival after intensive care for COVID-19.

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• China's health authorities fight surge in cases of unknown origin (BMJ)
• Analysis of seasonal variation of antibiotic prescribing for respiratory tract diagnoses (ASHE)
• Prevalence and outcomes of co-infection between SARS-CoV-2 and influenza (IJID)
• Comparison of bivalent and monovalent mRNA vaccine boosters (CID)
• Optimal duration of systemic corticosteroids in COVID-19 treatment (OFID)
• Acute blood biomarker profiles predict cognitive deficits after COVID-19 hospitalization (Nature)
• Temporal changes in fecal microbiota of patients infected with COVID-19 (BMC)
• Long-term survival after intensive care for COVID-19 (AIC)
• Contribute to our Floating Doctors fundraiser at PWB
• Letters read on TWiV 1042
• Dr. Griffin's COVID treatment summary (pdf)
• Timestamps by Jolene. Thanks!

Intro music is by Ronald Jenkees

Send your questions for Dr. Griffin to daniel@microbe.tv

Vincent speaks with Raul and Kostya about the development of novel oral polio vaccine from the Sabin type 2 strain, its deployment in over 600 million children, and whether it can lead to eradication of poliomyelitis.

Host: Vincent Racaniello

Guests: Raul Andino and Kostya Chumakov

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• MicrobeTV Discord Server
• MicrobeTV store at Cafepress
• Research assistant position in Rosenfeld Lab CBER/FDA (pdf)
• Engineering OPV (Cell Host Microbe)
• Poliopolis (Lancet)
• nOPV2 (Polioeradication.org)
• Timestamps by Jolene. Thanks!

Intro music is by Ronald Jenkees

Send your virology questions and comments to twiv@microbe.tv

In his weekly clinical update, Dr. Griffin discusses the public health significance of finding autochthonous melioidosis cases in the continental United States, human neural larva migrans caused by Ophidascaris robertsi ascarid, Project nextgen awards over $1.4 billion to develop the future of COVID-19 vaccines and therapeutics, excess all-cause mortality in China after ending the zero COVID policy, international pediatric COVID-19 severity over the course of the pandemic, differences in SARS-CoV-2 specific humoral and cellular immune responses after contralateral and ipsilateral COVID-19 vaccination, Pfizer and BioNTech receive positive CHMP opinion for Omicron XBB.1.5-adapted COVID-19 vaccine in the European Union, clinical antiviral efficacy of Remdesivir in COVID-19, optimal duration of systemic corticosteroids in COVID-19 treatment, clinical outcomes associated with overestimation of oxygen saturation by pulse oximetry in patients hospitalized with COVID-19, risk of autoimmune diseases following COVID-19 and the potential protective effect from vaccination.

Click arrow to play Download TWiV 1040 (19 MB .mp3, 27 min)

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• Public health significance of finding autochthonous melioidosis cases (PLOS)
• Human neural larva migrans caused by Ophidascaris robertsi ascarid (EID)
• Project nextgen awards over $1.4 billion to develop the future of COVID-19 vaccines and therapeutics (HHS)
• Excess all-cause mortality in China after ending the zero COVID policy (JAMA)
• International pediatric COVID-19 severity over the course of the pandemic (JAMA)
• Differences in SARS-CoV-2 specific humoral and cellular immune responses after COVID-19 vaccination (eBioMedicine)
• Pfizer/BioNTech receive positive CHMP opinion for COVID-19 vaccine in the EU (Pfizer)
• Clinical antiviral efficacy of Remdesivir in COVID-19 (JID)
• Optimal duration of systemic corticosteroids in COVID-19 treatment (OFID)
• Clinical outcomes associated with overestimation of oxygen saturation in patients with COVID-19 (JAMA)
• Risk of autoimmune diseases following COVID-19 and the potential protective effect from vaccination (eClinicalMedicine)
• Contribute to our Floating Doctors fundraiser at PWB
• Letters read on TWiV 1040
• Dr. Griffin's COVID treatment summary (pdf)
• Timestamps by Jolene. Thanks!

Intro music is by Ronald Jenkees

Send your questions for Dr. Griffin to daniel@microbe.tv

TWiV describes how a viral capsid protein activates a bacterial innate immune system that interferes with protein synthesis, and human-associated redondoviruses that infect the commensal protozoan Entamoeba gingivalis.

Hosts: Vincent Racaniello, Dickson Despommier, Rich Condit, Kathy Spindler, and Jolene Ramsey

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• MicrobeTV Discord Server
• MicrobeTV store at Cafepress
• Research assistant position in Rosenfeld Lab CBER/FDA (pdf)
• Anti-phage defense via capsid detection (Nature)
• Redondoviruses infect commensal amoebae (Cell Host Micro)
• A host for redondoviruses (Nat Rev Micro)
• Letters read on TWiV 1039
• Timestamps by Jolene. Thanks!

Dickson – "Cosmic Time Machine" Netflix documentary Kathy – Antarctican accents Rich – Cymothoa exigua, or the tongue-eating louse, Week of wonder: The case for preserving parasites Jolene – Perspective article on best practices for improving graduate admissions Vincent – Why Chandrayaan-3 landed near the moon's south pole — and why everyone else wants to get there too

Douglas – On Climate Change and (Active) Climate Management Matt – This Scientist Tracked Bats for Decades and Solved a Mystery About a Deadly Disease

Intro music is by Ronald Jenkees

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In his weekly clinical update, Dr. Griffin discusses modeling poliovirus transmission and responses in New York State, FDA approves first vaccine for pregnant individuals to prevent RSV in infants, prevention and control of seasonal influenza with vaccines: recommendations of the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices, Nirmatrelvir resistance – de novo E166V/L50V mutations in an immunocompromised patient treated with prolonged nirmatrelvir/ritonavir monotherapy leading to clinical and virological treatment failure, incidence of new-onset hypertension post–COVID-19: comparison with influenza, and post-acute sequelae of COVID-19 at 2 years.

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• Modeling poliovirus transmission and responses in New York State (JID)
• FDA approves first vaccine for pregnant individuals to prevent RSV in infants (FDA)
• Prevention and control of seasonal influenza with vaccines (CDC)
• De novo E166V/L50V mutations in an immunocompromised patient treated with nirmatrelvir/ritonavir (CID)
• Incidence of new-onset hypertension post–COVID-19 (Hypertension)
• Postacute sequelae of COVID-19 at 2 years (Nature Medicine)
• Contribute to our Floating Doctors fundraiser at PWB
• Letters read on TWiV 1038
• Dr. Griffin's COVID treatment summary (pdf)
• Timestamps by Jolene. Thanks!

Intro music is by Ronald Jenkees

Send your questions for Dr. Griffin to daniel@microbe.tv

TWiV reviews evidence that symptomatic adenovirus infection leads to thrombocytopenia, thrombosis, and production of anti-platelet factor 4 antibodies similar to the rare disorder seen after immunization with adenoviral vectored COVID-19 vaccines, and a monoclonal antibody isolated from a SARS survivor, following vaccination with a SARS-CoV-2 spike mRNA vaccine, that neutralizes a broad collection of ACE2-binding sarbecoviruses.

Hosts: Vincent Racaniello, Dickson Despommier, Rich Condit, Kathy Spindler, and Brianne Barker

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• MicrobeTV Discord Server
• MicrobeTV store at Cafepress
• Research assistant position in Rosenfeld Lab CBER/FDA (pdf)
• VITT-like disorder after adenovirus infection (NEJM)
• The clot thickens (TWiV 842)
• Lessons from VITT (Nat Rev Immunol)
• Pan-sarbecovirus neutralizing mAb (Sci Adv)
• Letters read on TWiV 1037
• Timestamps by Jolene. Thanks!

Dickson – Rho Ophiuchi nebula showing massive star formation. James Webb Space Telescope Brianne – Question Mark in Space? Kathy – Quammen interview with Walter Isaacson Rich – Chrome Music Lab Vincent – Matters Microbial

Tom – The (second) deadliest virus Charles – We Will All Go Together When We Go and So Long Mom (A Song for World War III) Intro music is by Ronald Jenkees

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In his weekly clinical update, Dr. Griffin discusses Florida local transmission of dengue cases reported in Broward and Miami-Dade counties, infants admitted to US intensive care units for RSV infection during the 2022 seasonal peak, long-term risk of death and readmission after hospital admission with COVID-19 among older adults, safety profile and clinical and virological outcomes of Nirmatrelvir-Ritonavir treatment in patients with advanced chronic kidney disease and COVID-19, Fluvoxamine vs placebo for outpatients with symptomatic COVID-19, the effect of corticosteroids, antibiotics, and anticoagulants on the development of post-COVID-19 syndrome in COVID-19 hospitalized patients 6 months after discharge, long COVID and significant activity limitation among adults, incidence of diabetes following COVID-19 vaccination and SARS-CoV-2 infection in Hong Kong, and diabetes following SARS-CoV-2 infection: Incidence, persistence, and implications of COVID-19 vaccination.

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• Florida local transmission of dengue cases (Outbreak News)
• Infants admitted to US ICU for RSV infection (JAMA)
• Long term risk of death and readmission after hospital admission with COVID-19 (BMJ)
• Outcomes of Nirmatrelvir-Ritonavir Treatment in patients with Kidney disease and COVID-19 (CID)
• Fluvoxamine vs placebo for outpatients with symptomatic COVID-19 (OFID)
• The effect of corticosteroids, antibiotics, and anticoagulants on the development of post-COVID-19 syndrome in hospitalized patients (CEM)
• Long COVID and significant activity limitation among adults (CDC)
• Incidence of Diabetes following COVID-19 vaccination and SARS-CoV-2 infection (PLOS)
• Diabetes following SARS-CoV-2 infection (BMJ)
• Contribute to our Floating Doctors fundraiser at PWB
• Letters read on TWiV 1036
• Dr. Griffin's COVID treatment summary (pdf)
• Timestamps by Jolene. Thanks!

Intro music is by Ronald Jenkees

Send your questions for Dr. Griffin to daniel@microbe.tv

TWiV dissects a study of COVID-19 vaccination which shows that the timing of initial rollout affects disease outcomes more substantially than final coverage or degree of socioeconomic disparity, and discovery of a novel cellular defense comprising a nuclease that is activated by poxvirus infection and cleaves a specific tRNA molecule to inhibit protein synthesis.

Hosts: Vincent Racaniello, Rich Condit, Alan Dove, and Brianne Barker

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• MicrobeTV Discord Server
• MicrobeTV store at Cafepress
• Research assistant position in Rosenfeld Lab CBER/FDA (pdf)
• Impact of COVID-19 vaccination trends (Sci Adv)
• Poxvirus-activated anticodon nuclease (Sci Adv)
• Letters read on TWiV 1035
• Timestamps by Jolene. Thanks!

Brianne – Project Hail Mary Rich – Bird Buddy Alan – Blood, Sweat, and Pixels and Press Reset Vincent – Are microplastics spreading infectious disease?

Tom – Henrietta Lacks family settles lawsuit Kathleen – Why Insect Memories May Not Survive Metamorphosis

Intro music is by Ronald Jenkees

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In his weekly clinical update, Dr. Griffin discusses the immunogenicity, safety, and preliminary efficacy evaluation of OVX836, a nucleoprotein-based universal influenza A vaccine candidate, association between nose picking and SARS-CoV-2 incidence, a cohort study in hospital health care workers; effect of COVID-19 vaccination and booster on maternal-fetal outcomes, dynamics of inflammatory responses after SARS-CoV-2 infection by vaccination status in the USA, does monoclonal antibody treatment for COVID-19 impact short and long- term outcomes in a large generalizable population, persistent endothelial dysfunction in post-COVID-19 syndrome and its associations with symptom severity and chronic inflammation, core mitochondrial genes are down-regulated during SARS-CoV-2 infection of rodent and human hosts.

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• Immunogenicity, safety, and preliminary efficacy evaluation of OVX836, a influenza A vaccine candidate (The Lancet)
• Association between nose picking and SARS-CoV-2 incidence (PLOSONE)
• Effect of COVID-19 vaccination and booster on maternal-fetal outcomes (Lancet Digital Health)
• Dynamics of inflammatory responses after SARS-CoV-2 infection by vaccination status (The Lancet)
• Does monoclonal antibody treatment for COVID-19 impact short and long-term outcomes (BMJ)
• Persistent endothelial dysfunction in post-COVID-19 syndrome and its associations with symptom severity and inflammation (Angiogenesis)
• Core mitochondrial genes are down-regulated during SARS-CoV-2 infection of rodent and human hosts (STM)
• Contribute to our Floating Doctors fundraiser at PWB
• Letters read on TWiV 1034
• Dr. Griffin's COVID treatment summary (pdf)
• Timestamps by Jolene. Thanks!

Intro music is by Ronald Jenkees

Send your questions for Dr. Griffin to daniel@microbe.tv

Vincent speaks with Desirée Townsend about how she felt used and indoctrinated by the anti-vaxx movement, the science surrounding her autoimmune disorder, and why she is no longer the "flu shot cheerleader," but a cheerleader for flu shots.

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• Desiree on Instagram and LinkedIn
• 'Flu-shot cheerleader' speaks out (NBC)
• 'Flu-shot cheerleader' back with a warning (NBC)
• Timestamps by Jolene. Thanks!

Intro music is by Ronald Jenkees

Send your virology questions and comments to twiv@microbe.tv

TWiV notes the passing of Harald zur Hausen, dengue breaking records in the Americas, inhibition of SARS-CoV-2 infection and inflammation by modulation of type I IFN, and an armed nanobody that protects mice against influenza A and B disease.

Hosts: Vincent Racaniello, Kathy Spindler, and Angela Mingarelli

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• MicrobeTV Discord Server
• MicrobeTV store at Cafepress
• Position in Rosenfeld Laboratory (pdf)
• Paul and the Mosquitos (pdf, English)
• Other childrens books (SMVIROLOGIA)
• Dengue breaking records in Americas (Nature)
• Harald zur Hausen, 1936-2023 (Nature)
• Vincent interviews zur Hausen (ASM)
• COVID-19 and modulation of IFN (Sci Immunol)
• Burning down the mouse (TWiV 900)
• Armed nanobody protects against influenza (Sci Immunol)
• Click chemistry Nobel prizes (The Nobel Prize)
• Letters read on TWiV 1033
• Timestamps by Jolene. Thanks!

Angela – The Deepest Breath Kathy – Pink snow Vincent – Scientist vs PowerPoint

Fernando – The Enigma of Reason by Hugo Mercier and Dan Sperber and Language vs. Reality by Nick Enfield

Intro music is by Ronald Jenkees

Send your virology questions and comments to twiv@microbe.tv