PlanetGeo: The Geology Podcast

Today, Jesse and Chris discuss the geology of Nickel - The Devil’s Metal.  Surprisingly, Earth’s core has a high percentage of Nickel - 10 to 20% of the core is nickel.  We allow ourselves the luxury of getting into the details on nickel and why the core has so much.  Of all the metals we’ve discussed on the podcast, the geology of nickel is the most complicated.  In addition to discussing the geologic settings that form or concentrate nickel, we also spend some time discussing the history and uses.  We hope you enjoy the discussion.

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On the app you can get tons of free content, exclusive images, and access to our Geology of National Parks series.
You can also learn the basics of geology at the college level in our FREE CampGeo content series - get learning now!

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Today, we have the another great interview - Dr. Anji Shah.   She works for the USGS and has done a lot of work on heavy-mineral sands and critical elements.  In this discussion, we talk about the paleo-environment that could concentrate critical minerals in heavy sands.  Dr. Shah also tells us how "airborn geophysics" is important in looking for mineral deposits over huge areas that are often canopy covered.  We hope you enjoy!

Download the CampGeo app now at this link.

On the app you can get tons of free content, exclusive images, and access to our Geology of National Parks series.
You can also learn the basics of geology at the college level in our FREE CampGeo content series - get learning now!

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Download the CampGeo app now at this link.

On the app you can get tons of free content, exclusive images, and access to our Geology of National Parks series.
You can also learn the basics of geology at the college level in our FREE CampGeo content series - get learning now!

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In this episode, Jesse and Chris discuss the geology of asbestos. Really, we cover all things related - history, past uses (some of which are mind boggling),  health issues, and of course the mineralogy. If you want the datail, this episode is for you. Jesse goes off the deep end a little as he nerds out on some geochemistry.  We hope you enjoy. 

Download the CampGeo app now at this link.

On the app you can get tons of free content, exclusive images, and access to our Geology of National Parks series.
You can also learn the basics of geology at the college level in our FREE CampGeo content series - get learning now!

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Dr. Adam Simon joins PlanetGeo to discuss many topics.  One of the most interesting topics of discussion is the copper dilemma facing the world.  If we want to transition to green energy like Electric Vehicles, we will face a shortage of copper.  Dr. Simon describes Copper as the artery of a green transition.   However, he's done the math and it doesn't add up.  There isn't enough to make the transition.  We hope you enjoy this extremely informative and entertaining interview.

Download the CampGeo app now at this link.

On the app you can get tons of free content, exclusive images, and access to our Geology of National Parks series.
You can also learn the basics of geology at the college level in our FREE CampGeo content series - get learning now!

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Today, Chris and Jesse once again revisit the topic of Bowen's Reaction Series.  We've never approached the topic in such a before.  The heart of our discussion centers around 1- What is Bowen's Reaction Series? and 2- How do we approach this highly idealized concept in an introductory class.  How rocks really crystallize in a geologic setting is far more complex than Bowen's Reaction Series.  This can lead to confusion when students progress in their geologic studies when they learn that Bowen's is the whole story (or even the correct story).  We hope you enjoy this technical and philosophical discussion.

Download the CampGeo app now at this link.

On the app you can get tons of free content, exclusive images, and access to our Geology of National Parks series.
You can also learn the basics of geology at the college level in our FREE CampGeo content series - get learning now!

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Today is our latest episode in our series on climate.  Jesse and Chris discuss the meaning of "Hard Water".  Chris and Jesse both have hard water at our houses and we talk about how that happens.  We wrap up this episode by talking about how the topic of hard water fits into our series and climate.  We hope you enjoy!

Download the CampGeo app now at this link.

On the app you can get tons of free content, exclusive images, and access to our Geology of National Parks series.
You can also learn the basics of geology at the college level in our FREE CampGeo content series - get learning now!

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Join us as we interview Dr. Steph Mrozek.  Steph is an economic geologist with interests in interests in skarn and porphyry deposits and geochemistry applied to mineral exploration.  In our interview, the discussion turns to degrees in geoscience and educational pursuits.  We’ve received a number of questions from listeners about what degree to pursue and how far to go.  Steph offers unique perspectives on this topic that many of our listeners will find very useful. 

Then our discussion turns to a niche geologic topic - Skarns.  Jesse and I learned a ton.  We (Jesse and I) have some personal experience with Skarn deposits, but Steph is the expert in the room for sure.

In the end, we have an in depth discussion about a career in exploration and mining geology.  This episode has so much to offer.  Listeners will learn about a topic that many aren’t familiar with and will also learn about the life and times of an exploration geologist.  We know you will enjoy this episode.

Download the CampGeo app now at this link.

On the app you can get tons of free content, exclusive images, and access to our Geology of National Parks series.
You can also learn the basics of geology at the college level in our FREE CampGeo content series - get learning now!

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Join Chris and Jesse as we tackle questions about the Grand Canyon.  A 4th grade class, Bronx Little School, reached out in a letter with a list of fantastic questions.  We knew right away we wanted to make an episode about this.  These questions, and our responses, provide a great introduction to the geology of The Grand Canyon.  Below are the questions - asked and answered:
1. How deep is the Grand Canyon?
2- Why are the rocks orange, red, and black?  How were the rocks made?
3- Why is the Grand Canyon so steep?
4- How old is each layer in the Grand Canyon?
5- They didn't ask this question, but Jesse and I couldn't resist.  So we posed the question: How did the Grand Canyon get cut?  Maybe one of these awesome students will find the answer.

We hope you all enjoy learning a little more about one of the Natural Wonders of the World.  Cheers

Download the CampGeo app now at this link.

On the app you can get tons of free content, exclusive images, and access to our Geology of National Parks series.
You can also learn the basics of geology at the college level in our FREE CampGeo content series - get learning now!

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Today, we re-visit one our earliest episodes that we recorded when this whole thing began.  We've decided to do a small series on Earth's climate and feel that this is the best kickoff point for that topic.  

We begin by discussing the forgotten history of climate science.  This is important because we have known the physics of greenhouse gases for over 200 years.  This pre-dates excessive fossil fuel consumption and any thought of political ideology around climate change.  We talk about following the radiation from the sun and the change that takes place when certain photons are absorbed at the Earth's surface.  That change in energy is what gets absorbed by the various greenhouse gases.  We round out the discussion by talking about several of the important gases and why carbon dioxide is the "big dog" in the discussion.  We hope you enjoy!

Download the CampGeo app now at this link.

On the app you can get tons of free content, exclusive images, and access to our Geology of National Parks series.
You can also learn the basics of geology at the college level in our FREE CampGeo content series - get learning now!

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We are on a break, but you can join us now on a virtual Summer Science Institute trip! Follow the virtual Mr. Bolhuis as we go on a geo-tour of many of the premier National Parks in the US.

Download the CampGeo app now at this link.

On the app you can get tons of free content, exclusive images, and access to our Geology of National Parks series.
You can also learn the basics of geology at the college level in our FREE CampGeo content series - get learning now!

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We are happy to announce the release of our new Geology of the Grand Canyon book on the CampGeo mobile app - Download now to start listening! 

We are on a break, but you can join us now on a virtual Summer Science Institute trip! Follow the virtual Mr. Bolhuis as we go on a geo-tour of many of the premier National Parks in the US.

Download the CampGeo app now at this link.

On the app you can get tons of free content, exclusive images, and access to our Geology of National Parks series.
You can also learn the basics of geology at the college level in our FREE CampGeo content series - get learning now!

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We are on a break, but you can join us now on a virtual Summer Science Institute trip! Follow the virtual Mr. Bolhuis as we go on a geo-tour of many of the premier National Parks in the US.

Download the CampGeo app now at this link.

On the app you can get tons of free content, exclusive images, and access to our Geology of National Parks series.
You can also learn the basics of geology at the college level in our FREE CampGeo content series - get learning now!

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We are on a break, but you can join us now on a virtual Summer Science Institute trip! Follow the virtual Mr. Bolhuis as we go on a geo-tour of many of the premier National Parks in the US.

Download the CampGeo app now at this link.

On the app you can get tons of free content, exclusive images, and access to our Geology of National Parks series.
You can also learn the basics of geology at the college level in our FREE CampGeo content series - get learning now!

Like, Subscribe, and leave us a Rating!

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We are on a break, but you can join us now on a virtual Summer Science Institute trip! Follow the virtual Mr. Bolhuis as we go on a geo-tour of many of the premier National Parks in the US.

We are also excited to announce that we have just released a new audiobook on our CampGeo mobile app on Earth's Climate. It's a five-part series with all the images you need to really learn how Earth's climate works and what we can do about some issues we have with it.

You can access our CampGeo mobile app on any App Store, or just click on this link! 

Download the CampGeo app now at this link.

On the app you can get tons of free content, exclusive images, and access to our Geology of National Parks series.
You can also learn the basics of geology at the college level in our FREE CampGeo content series - get learning now!

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We are on a break, but you can join us now on a virtual Summer Science Institute trip! Follow the virtual Mr. Bolhuis as we go on a geo-tour of many of the premier National Parks in the US.

Download the CampGeo app now at this link.

On the app you can get tons of free content, exclusive images, and access to our Geology of National Parks series.
You can also learn the basics of geology at the college level in our FREE CampGeo content series - get learning now!

Like, Subscribe, and leave us a Rating!

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We are on a break, but you can join us now on a virtual Summer Science Institute trip! Follow the virtual Mr. Bolhuis as we go on a geo-tour of many of the premier National Parks in the US.

Download the CampGeo app now at this link.

On the app you can get tons of free content, exclusive images, and access to our Geology of National Parks series.
You can also learn the basics of geology at the college level in our FREE CampGeo content series - get learning now!

Like, Subscribe, and leave us a Rating!

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We are on a break, but you can join us now on a virtual Summer Science Institute trip! Follow the virtual Mr. Bolhuis as we go on a geo-tour of many of the premier National Parks in the US.

Download the CampGeo app now at this link.

On the app you can get tons of free content, exclusive images, and access to our Geology of National Parks series.
You can also learn the basics of geology at the college level in our FREE CampGeo content series - get learning now!

Like, Subscribe, and leave us a Rating!

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Today, Jesse and Chris tackle the topic of the Slow Carbon Cycle.  We've been talking about this for a while now.  This is a very complicate cycle that involves many variables.  In this episode, we work through some scenarios such as the Himalayan uplift and plug them into the Carbon Cycle.  It's a little bit of mental gymnastics.  The ingredients for the Carbon Cycle to operate are freshly exposed rock, water (both in the oceans and the atmosphere), and plate tectonics.  If one of these variables is taken out, the Carbon Cycle ceases.  

Join us in this fun and interesting discussion.

Download the CampGeo app now at this link.

On the app you can get tons of free content, exclusive images, and access to our Geology of National Parks series.
You can also learn the basics of geology at the college level in our FREE CampGeo content series - get learning now!

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In this episode, we tackle the issue of infiltration capacity.  The idea came to us in the form of a listener question due to recent events.  Infiltration capacity is simply a way of describing the ability of soil and regolith to soak up water during storm events that drop a lot of rain in a short period of time.  There are several variables that must be accounted for in describing the infiltration capacity for a given area.  Humans have also caused a significant change related to this topic.  Join us in this fun conversation that has a lot of relevance in todays world.

Download the CampGeo app now at this link.

On the app you can get tons of free content, exclusive images, and access to our Geology of National Parks series.
You can also learn the basics of geology at the college level in our FREE CampGeo content series - get learning now!

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Download the CampGeo app now at this link.

On the app you can get tons of free content, exclusive images, and access to our Geology of National Parks series.
You can also learn the basics of geology at the college level in our FREE CampGeo content series - get learning now!

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Download the CampGeo app now at this link.

On the app you can get tons of free content, exclusive images, and access to our Geology of National Parks series.
You can also learn the basics of geology at the college level in our FREE CampGeo content series - get learning now!

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Download the CampGeo app now at this link.

On the app you can get tons of free content, exclusive images, and access to our Geology of National Parks series.
You can also learn the basics of geology at the college level in our FREE CampGeo content series - get learning now!

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Today we talk about Copper!
The metal that is essential to all our lives, but goes largely underrated.

Here is a link to the article Chris references in the podcast talking about the sources of copper deposits. 

Download the CampGeo app now at this link.

On the app you can get tons of free content, exclusive images, and access to our Geology of National Parks series.
You can also learn the basics of geology at the college level in our FREE CampGeo content series - get learning now!

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Download the CampGeo app now at this link.

On the app you can get tons of free content, exclusive images, and access to our Geology of National Parks series.
You can also learn the basics of geology at the college level in our FREE CampGeo content series - get learning now!

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This week, we are asking you to do us a favor.  We are really exited because we just launched our brand new campGeo mobile app. So, we would really appreciate if you clicked on This Link, downloaded the campGeo mobile app, and left us a rating and review on there. 

This week we talk about the origin of this concept, why we are excited about this mobile app, and what types of content can be found there today. 
Also, if you have suggestions for new types of visual audiobooks please send us an email! Or, if you have a better name for these things than 'visual audiobooks' let us know that too (we are horrible at naming things...)! 

Download the CampGeo app now at this link.

On the app you can get tons of free content, exclusive images, and access to our Geology of National Parks series.
You can also learn the basics of geology at the college level in our FREE CampGeo content series - get learning now!

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Today, Jesse and Chris discuss the distinction between sinkholes and karst topography.  There is a surprisingly large portion of the U.S. that has potential to be affected by karst.  It is also extremely important as a source of drinking water.  We also discuss the distinction between the technical definition of karst and what is called pseudokarst.  Below is a link to the article and diagram we allude to in the show.  We hope you enjoy.

https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/feart.2023.1207689/full

Download the CampGeo app now at this link.

On the app you can get tons of free content, exclusive images, and access to our Geology of National Parks series.
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We get a bit reflective today and discuss the importance of Geoscience to society - and how it has changed in the last three years. Jesse recently went to a conference on economic mining and came away newly excited.  If the world is going to make the energy transition, certain elements are critical in allowing us to meet that demand.  Today, we talk about the issues surrounding the energy transition and how geoscientists are playing an integral role (and will continue to do so) in society.  We hope you enjoy!

If you are interested in Yellowstone National Park, or want to learn all the basics of geology, visit our newly updated CampGEO content, including a new Geology of Yellowstone National Park, available now at our web app - here!

Download the CampGeo app now at this link.

On the app you can get tons of free content, exclusive images, and access to our Geology of National Parks series.
You can also learn the basics of geology at the college level in our FREE CampGeo content series - get learning now!

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Today, we each give our take on disappearing streams.  When the idea was first pitched, we were thinking about 2 different things.  The result - we talked about each.  Join us as we continue our series on water.

Download the CampGeo app now at this link.

On the app you can get tons of free content, exclusive images, and access to our Geology of National Parks series.
You can also learn the basics of geology at the college level in our FREE CampGeo content series - get learning now!

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Today we have the great pleasure to interview a close friend of the podcast - Andrew Dewitt.  Andrew has had a long career in the environmental consulting industry and provides insights into what it take to be a geoscientist working in this field and gives lots of excellent advice. This is a must-listen episode for any aspiring young geoscientist. 

Download the CampGeo app now at this link.

On the app you can get tons of free content, exclusive images, and access to our Geology of National Parks series.
You can also learn the basics of geology at the college level in our FREE CampGeo content series - get learning now!

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Today, we are talking about the process of making petrified wood.  Basically, wood has to be quickly buried in a wet setting where the water is also saturated in certain minerals - usually silica.  Also, there must be little oxygen present or oxidation reactions have to occur to use up all of the available oxygen.  This prevents the wood from getting eaten by decomposers.  We will also get into the geologic settings where this is likely to occur.

Finally, we talk a little about how we come up with ages of petrified wood and use this to kick off a series on Geochronology.  Enjoy!

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On the app you can get tons of free content, exclusive images, and access to our Geology of National Parks series.
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Today, we talk about all things soil creep.  Have you ever been on a steep slope and seen bent or curved trees, slanted fence posts, slanted headstones or signs?  Look closely and you can often see the surface has a rippled appearance.  Soil Creep is a form of what we call Mass Wasting in Geology.  Mud flows, avalanche, and rockfall are also examples of Mass Wasting.  Creep just happens very, very slowly.  Join us and learn how this fascinating process works!

Download the CampGeo app now at this link.

On the app you can get tons of free content, exclusive images, and access to our Geology of National Parks series.
You can also learn the basics of geology at the college level in our FREE CampGeo content series - get learning now!

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Just as in so many aspects of the way the world works, geology determines the drainage patterns (or watershed) of rivers.  Today, we discuss the major types of drainage patterns - they're not random and we also get into how the geology at the surface determines this shape.  This is a continuation of our series on water.

Download the CampGeo app now at this link.

On the app you can get tons of free content, exclusive images, and access to our Geology of National Parks series.
You can also learn the basics of geology at the college level in our FREE CampGeo content series - get learning now!

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Today, we cover something very interesting - a new initiative by the United States Geological Survey to map Earth's resources at a new level. Geology is newly relevant to society and. some people argue we are entering a new 'golden age' of geology - how exciting! 

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On the app you can get tons of free content, exclusive images, and access to our Geology of National Parks series.
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Today, we cover one of our favorite past times - RockHounding! It's a totally fun, engaging activity that gets you outside and learning about nature. And, who knows, you might find something spectacular along the way! 

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You can also learn the basics of geology at the college level in our FREE CampGeo content series - get learning now!

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In this episode we start a looong conversation about how to identify rocks. We begin by outlining a few simple rules to go by, and how to start to think about identifying rocks when you find them out in the world! 

Download the CampGeo app now at this link.

On the app you can get tons of free content, exclusive images, and access to our Geology of National Parks series.
You can also learn the basics of geology at the college level in our FREE CampGeo content series - get learning now!

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Listen to Yellowstone's rock music here!

Today we talk about the fun exercise of turning seismic activity recorded live from Yellowstone National Park, turning it into musical notes, and playing it for a live audience!  As usual, we get into the geology behind the story! 

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On the app you can get tons of free content, exclusive images, and access to our Geology of National Parks series.
You can also learn the basics of geology at the college level in our FREE CampGeo content series - get learning now!

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Today, we talk about Uranium!

Uranium is a really interesting element and today we talk about how it's used, a bit about nuclear reactors, then dive into the geology. Uranium has two major oxidation states, 4+ and 6+ and the chemical differences between these really drive how Uranium deposits form! 

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On the app you can get tons of free content, exclusive images, and access to our Geology of National Parks series.
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In PlanetGeo today, we discuss one aspect of Yellowstone National Park Geology that goes under-appreciated - the Absaroka Volcanics. They are a geological curiosity, but a massive one at that - the volume of volcanic rocks produced by the Absaroka volcanoes dwarfs the Yellowstone hotspot. 

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On the app you can get tons of free content, exclusive images, and access to our Geology of National Parks series.
You can also learn the basics of geology at the college level in our FREE CampGeo content series - get learning now!

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Today we are extremely honored to get the opportunity to discuss all things geoscience and National Defense with Dr. Stefanie Tompkins, the Director of DARPA! Dr. Tompkins is the first Presidential Appointee we have ever had on our podcast and in this interview she clearly shows why she has achieved such an incredible level of success in her career. 

With Dr. Tompkins we discuss the value of geoscience training, the role of research funding, and how varied geoscience careers can become. We hope you enjoy this conversation as much as we did! 

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On the app you can get tons of free content, exclusive images, and access to our Geology of National Parks series.
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Today we talk all about Levees!  They are a very important and under-appreciated aspect of our society, infrastructure, and river systems!

Here is a link to the excellent article that we mention in the podcast. Please let us know if you have questions!
Levee Link

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Today, Jesse and Chris discuss a headline that's been making a splash lately.  There was a paper recently published that looked into why some areas of New York City appear to be sinking.  We took this as an opportunity to discuss an important geologic concept - Isostasy or Isostic Adjustment.  Our conversation spanned glaciers, mountains, and cities.  We hope you enjoy.  Below is a link to the published paper.  I've also included a link to one of the articles written about the published paper.  

https://agupubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1029/2022EF003465

https://time.com/6283322/new-york-city-sinking/

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Today, Jesse and Chris take on a couple of listener questions.  One is regarding a passion for geoscience and would like to know our opinion on returning to school for a trajectory change.

The other question is more for Jesse.  It regards recent changes in mass spectrometry so we re-visit this important topic.  We hope you enjoy.

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Here is a link to the paper we discuss in this episode:

In this episode, we talk about meandering streams.  Why don't rivers flow in straight paths?  As soon as a river flattens out, it begins to meander.  It’s these meanders that manage the energy of the water.  How?  They really do 2 things: 1- they increase the resistance (physics) and 2- they decrease the gradient.  Essentially, the river is changing itself to minimize the energy it expends to maintain a state of equilibrium.  We also get into some detail.  Meanders are not random.  They are directly related to the width of the river and also the radius of the meander curvature.  It's a really cool aspects to river morphology.  

We also talk about things that can start meanders.  And finally, we briefly discuss one of geology's more beautiful features - entrenched meanders.  We hope you enjoy!

Download the CampGeo app now at this link.

On the app you can get tons of free content, exclusive images, and access to our Geology of National Parks series.
You can also learn the basics of geology at the college level in our FREE CampGeo content series - get learning now!

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In this episode, we talk about meandering streams.  Why don't rivers flow in straight paths?  As soon as a river flattens out, it begins to meander.  It’s these meanders that manage the energy of the water.  How?  They really do 2 things: 1- they increase the resistance (physics) and 2- they decrease the gradient.  Essentially, the river is changing itself to minimize the energy it expends to maintain a state of equilibrium.  We also get into some detail.  Meanders are not random.  They are directly related to the width of the river and also the radius of the meander curvature.  It's a really cool aspects to river morphology.  

We also talk about things that can start meanders.  And finally, we briefly discuss one of geology's more beautiful features - entrenched meanders.  We hope you enjoy!

Like, Subscribe, and leave us a Rating!

Download the CampGeo app now at this link.

On the app you can get tons of free content, exclusive images, and access to our Geology of National Parks series.
You can also learn the basics of geology at the college level in our FREE CampGeo content series - get learning now!

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In this episode, we interview author Andrew Alden.  He wrote Deep Oakland: How Geology Shaped a City.  This book is a wonderful read and it offers a unique lens in which to view a city.  Jesse and Chris both think that this idea should become a series - much like the Roadside Geology series.  

Andrew talks about his motivation for the monumental task.  The 1989 Loma Prieta earthquake that shook the city of San Francisco and kind of woke him up to the idea.  Deep Oakland is an intricate story involving the intersection of geology and humanity.  Specifically, geology determined early decisions in the planning of Oakland. Join us in this interesting conversation.

You can purchase Andrew's book Deep Oakland HERE

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Download the CampGeo app now at this link.

On the app you can get tons of free content, exclusive images, and access to our Geology of National Parks series.
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Today, we answer some listener questions in what we call "office hours".  We each chose a question for the other to answer.  We did not know what questions we would be asked so our answers were on the fly.  Jesse asks Chris a question from Joyce (his mom) about a new word that she needs to know.  Chris chose paleomagnetism.  Then, Jesse asked a more serious question regarding the potential for humans to influence the chemistry of magma in the geologic future.

Chris chose a question from Ava regarding the origin of slab pull as a mechanism for plate tectonics.  We hope you enjoy!

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Download the CampGeo app now at this link.

On the app you can get tons of free content, exclusive images, and access to our Geology of National Parks series.
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Join us today as we discuss one of the more important ancient rock formations - Banded Iron Formations or otherwise known as BIF's in the geologic community.  Wherever found, they provide us with Iron ore - some of the best on the planet.  In this episode, we delve into the geologic story of how these important and beautiful rocks formed.  There is some newer research that has altered some earlier thinking on BIF formation.  We hope you enjoy.

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On the app you can get tons of free content, exclusive images, and access to our Geology of National Parks series.
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In this episode, we take on the topic of Barrier Islands.  This is a very relevant topic because recent storms have devastated some of these Islands.  The intersection between geology and humans is always an interesting topic.  
Barrier Islands need three things:

• Sand supply
• Broad sloping coastline
• Waves/tides/currents must be strong enough to move sand (high-ish energy)
  • Waves must be dominant 

In this context we discuss the 3 ways in which they form.  Each Island has it's own unique story and all 3 scenarios play a role.  

We also discuss the function of Barrier Islands in terms of protecting the mainland and also unique biological habitats.

We hope you enjoy, and as usual please send us any questions you have!

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Download the CampGeo app now at this link.

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In this episode, Chris and Jesse give a live talk at Grand Valley State University.  We were invited to speak by the student chapter of the AAPG - American Association of Petroleum Geologists.  They were interested in hearing our "story" about how each of us came into the geoscience field and how PlanetGeo came about.  There was also a Q and A session where we were asked a variety of questions that spanned many topics.  

We hope you enjoy, and as usual please send us any questions you have!

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Download the CampGeo app now at this link.

On the app you can get tons of free content, exclusive images, and access to our Geology of National Parks series.
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