Immune

From the American Association of Immunologists 2024 conference in Chicago, Cindy and Brianne where meet up with Luis Montaner to talk about his career and his research on boosting the immune system to combat viral diseases or cancer progression.

Hosts: Cindy Leifer and Brianne Barker

Guest: Luis Montaner

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• Community engagement in research (Res Involv Engag)
• Susceptibility to HIV bnAbs during ART (AIDS)
• Minority scientists' experience (J Immunol)
• Time stamps by Jolene. Thanks!

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Content in this podcast should not be construed as medical advice.

Immune travels to Chicago for the American Association of Immunologists conference where they meet up with Joseph Larkin III to talk about his career and his research on the contribution of T lymphocyte subsets and functions in maintaining tolerance.

Hosts: Stephanie Langel and Brianne Barker

Guest: Joseph Larkin III

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• MicrobeTV Discord Server
• Th17 cells in immunity and autoimmunity (J Immunol Res)
• COVID-19 booster enhances virus neutralization by milk (Front Nutr)
• SARS-CoV-2 antibodies in milk and infant stool after maternal immunization (J Perinatol)
• Time stamps by Jolene. Thanks!

Music by Steve Neal. Immune logo image by Blausen Medical Send your immunology questions and comments to immune@microbe.tv

Immune presents three stories: intranasal neomycin and antiviral immunity, sexual dimorphism in skin immunity, and maternal diet changes infant microbes that alter gut DC responses and respiratory health.

Hosts: Stephanie Langel, Cynthia Leifer, and Brianne Barker

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• MicrobeTV Discord Server
• Intranasal neomycin as antiviral (PNAS)
• Sexual dimorphism in skin immunity (Science)
• Maternal diet and infant respiratory health (Immunity)
• Time stamps by Jolene. Thanks!

Music by Steve Neal. Immune logo image by Blausen Medical Send your immunology questions and comments to immune@microbe.tv

Immune explains how antibody-mediated depletion of myeloid-hematopoietic stem cells in aged mice restores characteristic features of a more youthful immune system, including increasing common lymphocyte progenitors, naive T cells and B cells, while decreasing age-related markers of immune decline.

Hosts: Vincent Racaniello, Cynthia Leifer, and Brianne Barker

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• MicrobeTV Discord Server
• Depleting My-HSC rejuvenates aged immunity (Nature)
• Time stamps by Jolene. Thanks!

Music by Steve Neal. Immune logo image by Blausen Medical Send your immunology questions and comments to immune@microbe.tv

Immune discusses responses in a COVID hypervaccinated individual, synthetically glycosylated antigens for the antigen-specific suppression of established immune responses, gut bacteria–derived serotonin promotes immune tolerance in early life, and mucosal and systemic immune correlates of viral control after SARS-CoV-2 infection challenge.

Hosts: Vincent Racaniello, Steph Langel, Cynthia Leifer, and Brianne Barker

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• MicrobeTV Discord Server
• Adaptive immune responses preserved in hypervaccinated individual (Lancet)
• Synthetically glycosylated antigens for antigen-specific suppression of established immune responses (Nat Biomed Eng)
• Gut bacteria–derived serotonin promotes immune tolerance in early life (Sci Immunol)
• Immune correlates of viral control after SARS-CoV-2 challenge in adults (Sci Immunol)
• Time stamps by Jolene. Thanks!

Music by Steve Neal. Immune logo image by Blausen Medical Send your immunology questions and comments to immune@microbe.tv

Immune reviews research showing that the migration of neutrophils between endothelial cells activates bactericidal function via mechanosensing.

Hosts: Vincent Racaniello, Steph Langel, Cynthia Leifer, and Brianne Barker

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• MicrobeTV Discord Server
• Trans endothelial migration activates neutrophil killing (Immunity)
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Music by Steve Neal. Immune logo image by Blausen Medical Send your immunology questions and comments to immune@microbe.tv

Juliet Morrison joins Immune to discuss her career and the research of her laboratory showing that pleural macrophages translocate to the lung during infection to promote improved influenza outcomes.

Hosts: Vincent Racaniello, Steph Langel, Cynthia Leifer, and Brianne Barker

Guest: Juliet Morrison

Click arrow to play Download Immune 76 (48 MB .mp3, 67 min) Subscribe (free): Apple Podcasts, Google Podcasts. RSS, email Become a patron of Immune!

• MicrobeTV Discord Server
• Publishing is broken (Solving for Science)
• Pleural macrophages move to the lung during influenza (PNAS)
• Time stamps by Jolene. Thanks!

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Ang Cui joins Immune to discuss her career and her work on establishing the Immune Dictionary, a compendium of single-cell transcriptomic profiles of more than 17 immune cell types in response to each of 86 cytokines (>1,400 cytokine-cell type combinations) in mouse lymph nodes in vivo.

Hosts: Vincent Racaniello, Cynthia Leifer, and Brianne Barker

Guest: Ang Cui

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• MicrobeTV Discord Server
• Publishing is broken (Solving for Science)
• Immune Dictionary (Nature)
• Time stamps by Jolene. Thanks!

Music by Steve Neal. Immune logo image by Blausen Medical Send your immunology questions and comments to immune@microbe.tv

Carla Nowosad joins Immune to discuss her career and her work on germinal centers, the structure in secondary lymphoid tissues where B cells proliferate, differentiate, and diversify their immunoglobulin genes by somatic hypermutation.

Hosts: Stephanie Langel, Cynthia Leifer, and Brianne Barker

Guest: Carla R. Nowosad

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• MicrobeTV Discord Server
• B cells and the intestinal microbiome (Sem Immunol)
• B cell selection in gut germinal centres (Nature)
• B cell antigen internalization (Methods Mol Biol)
• Immune synapse architecture (Nat Immunol)
• Time stamps by Jolene. Thanks!

Music by Steve Neal. Immune logo image by Blausen Medical Send your immunology questions and comments to immune@microbe.tv

Immune reveals the total mass (1.2kg), number (1.8 trillion), and distribution of immune cells in the human body, with macrophages contributing nearly 50% of the total cellular mass.

Hosts: Vincent Racaniello, Cynthia Leifer, and Brianne Barker

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• MicrobeTV Discord Server
• Immune cells in the human body (PNAS)
• Letters read on Immune 73
• Time stamps by Jolene. Thanks!

Music by Steve Neal. Immune logo image by Blausen Medical Send your immunology questions and comments to immune@microbe.tv

From Cornell University in Ithaca New York, Vincent and Cindy meet with Ellen Rothenberg to review her career in science, starting with work on retroviruses to unraveling transcriptional networks underlying T-cell development and signaling.

Hosts: Vincent Racaniello and Cynthia Leifer

Guest: Ellen Rothenberg

Click arrow to play Download Immune 72 (53 MB .mp3, 73 min) Subscribe (free): Apple Podcasts, Google Podcasts. RSS, email Become a patron of Immune!

• MicrobeTV Discord Server
• Synthesis of infectious DNA of murine leukaemia virus (Nature)
• Runx factors launch T cell and innate lymphoid programs (Nat Immunol)
• Time stamps by Jolene. Thanks!

Music by Steve Neal. Immune logo image by Blausen Medical Send your immunology questions and comments to immune@microbe.tv

Immune explains how, in a mouse model of roundworm infection with Nippostrongylus brasiliensis, exposure to lung-migrating helminths protects mice against SARS-CoV-2 infection.

Hosts: Cynthia Leifer, Stephanie Langel, and Brianne Barker

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• MicrobeTV Discord Server
• Helminth protects against murine SARS-CoV-2 infection (Sci Immunol)
• Pandemic spared Africa (ScienceInsider)
• Letters read on Immune 71
• Time stamps by Jolene. Thanks!

Music by Steve Neal. Immune logo image by Blausen Medical Send your immunology questions and comments to immune@microbe.tv

Immune explains how mast cells, IgE antibody, and the brain collaborate to promote avoidance of certain foods to evade allergic responses.

Hosts: Vincent Racaniello, Cynthia Leifer, and Brianne Barker

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• MicrobeTV Discord Server
• Mast cells and immune avoidance behavior (Nature)
• Immune sensing of food allergens promotes avoidance (Nature)
• Immunology that underlies picky eating (Nature)
• Time stamps by Jolene. Thanks!

Music by Steve Neal. Immune logo image by Blausen Medical Send your immunology questions and comments to immune@microbe.tv

Immune discusses immunological imprinting, also called original antigenic sin, in the context of infection with SARS-CoV-2 and influenza virus.

Hosts: Vincent Racaniello, Cynthia Leifer, and Steph Langel

Download Immune 66 (45 MB .mp3, 76 min) Subscribe (free): Apple Podcasts, Google Podcasts. RSS, email Become a patron of Immune!

Links for this episode

• MicrobeTV Discord Server
• Immunological imprinting (Immunity)
• COVID-19 vaccine imprinting (bioRxiv)
• Original antigenic sin (J Inf Dis)
• Are competition (LJII)
• Time stamps by Jolene. Thanks!

Music by Steve Neal. Immune logo image by Blausen Medical

Send your immunology questions and comments to immune@microbe.tv

Immune explains the results of a study which show that in mice, functional T cells respond to vaccination for over 10 years and 51 successive immunizations, exhibiting supernumerary cell division and longevity.

Hosts: Vincent Racaniello, Cynthia Leifer, Steph Langel, and Brianne Barker

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• MicrobeTV Discord Server
• T cells capable of supernumerary division (Nature)
• Time stamps by Jolene. Thanks!

Music by Steve Neal. Immune logo image by Blausen Medical Send your immunology questions and comments to immune@microbe.tv

Immune discusses the current understanding of immune memory to SARS-CoV-2 infection and COVID-19 vaccines, which supersedes that of any other acute infectious disease.

Hosts: Vincent Racaniello, Cynthia Leifer, Steph Langel, and Brianne Barker

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• MicrobeTV Discord Server
• COVID-19 immune memory (Imm Rev)
• Time stamps by Jolene. Thanks!

Music by Steve Neal. Immune logo image by Blausen Medical Send your immunology questions and comments to immune@microbe.tv

Jon joins Immune to discuss the research of his laboratory on understanding how the innate immune system recognizes and responds to pathogens, and his hypothesis that infection infidelities drive innate immunity.

Hosts: Vincent Racaniello, Cynthia Leifer, Steph Langel, and Brianne Barker

Guest: Jonathan C. Kagan

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• MicrobeTV Discord Server
• Approaching the asymptote (Cold Spring Harb Symp Quant Biol)
• Infection infidelities drive innate immunity (Science)
• Time stamps by Jolene. Thanks!

Music by Steve Neal. Immune logo image by Blausen Medical Send your immunology questions and comments to immune@microbe.tv

Cindy, Steph, Brianne, and Vincent do a rapid review 11 immunology papers, including a wiring diagram for the immune system, group A streptococcus vaccines, systems immunology prediction of vaccines, class switch towards IgG4 after SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccination, very bad B cells, monoclonal antibody to two streptococcal M protein epitopes, transcriptional atlas of response to 13 vaccines, impact of SARS-CoV-2 exposure history on T cell and IgG response, neutrophilic inflammation predisposes to RSV infection, commensals avoiding recognition, and continuous germinal center invasion contributes to diversity of immune response.

Hosts: Vincent Racaniello, Cynthia Leifer, Steph Langel, and Brianne Barker

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• MicrobeTV Discord Server
• Tangled web of wires (Nature)
• Path to group A Streptococcus vaccines (Clin Inf Dis)
• Immune end-types predictive of vaccine responses (Nat Immunol)
• IgG4 switch after SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccination (Sci Immunol)
• Very bad B cells (Immunity)
• Two epitope Streptococcus monoclonal (EMBO Mol Med)
• Predictor of vaccine-induced antibody responses (Nat Immunol)
• Impact of SARS-CoV-2 exposure history on antibody an T cell response (Cell Rep Med)
• Neutrophilic inflammation and RSV infection (Science)
• Commensals avoiding recognition (Sci Immunol)
• Continuous germinal center invasion and immune response diversity (Cell)
• Time stamps by Jolene. Thanks!

Music by Steve Neal Immune logo image by Blausen Medical Send your immunology questions and comments to immune@microbe.tv

Cindy, Steph, Brianne, and Vincent review some of their favorite immunology papers of 2022.

Hosts: Vincent Racaniello, Cynthia Leifer, Steph Langel, and Brianne Barker

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• CAR T for SLE (Nat MEd)
• Maternal gut microbiome induced IgG (Sci Immunol)
• Long-primed germinal centers (Nature)
• Fc mediated protection against SARS-CoV-2 VOC (bioRxiv)
• Dark side of macrophages (Nat Med)
• Pregnancy and antibody protection against infection (Nature)
• Regulators of inflammatory response to mRNA vaccines (Nature Immunol)
• Antibody effector function and protection against RSV (Cell)
• Color coded antibodies (bioRxiv)
• Endogenous retroviruses and inflammation (Cell)
• CD8 T cells and vaccine protection against SARS-CoV-2 (Sci Immunol)
• Time stamps by Jolene. Thanks!

Music by Steve Neal. Immune logo image by Blausen Medical Send your immunology questions and comments to immune@microbe.tv

De'Broski joins immune to reveal his remarkable career path and the research of his laboratory on neuroimmunology and the immune response to parasite infections.

Hosts: Vincent Racaniello, Cynthia Leifer, Steph Langel, and Brianne Barker

Guests D'Broski Herbert

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• Immunology of helminth infections (Ann Rev Immunology)
• Neuroimmune regulatory networks (J Leuk Biol)
• Every cell is an immune cell (Immunity)
• Time stamps by Jolene. Thanks!

Music by Steve Neal. Immune logo image by Blausen Medical Send your immunology questions and comments to immune@microbe.tv

From SLB22 on the Island of Hawai'i, Julia and Musa join Immune to reveal their remarkable career paths, and their research on understanding trained innate immunity.

Hosts: Vincent Racaniello, Cynthia Leifer, Steph Langel, and Brianne Barker

Guests: Julia Bohannon and Musa Mhlanga

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• From the ashes (Richmond Register)
• Innate immune memory (J Immunol)
• Epigenetics and metabolism in trained immunity (Immunity)
• Time stamps by Jolene. Thanks!

Music by Steve Neal. Immune logo image by Blausen Medical Send your immunology questions and comments to immune@microbe.tv

Somali and Phil join Immune to discuss their approaches to immunology education.

Hosts: Vincent Racaniello, Cynthia Leifer, Steph Langel, and Brianne Barker

Guest: Sumali Pandey and Phil Mixter

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• ImmunoReach
• ASMCUE: ASM Conference for Undergraduate Educators (ASMCUE)
• Upcoming ASM Webinars: free Microedu Live! discussions:
  • Friday, October 14, 1:00 PM Eastern time/10:00 AM Pacific time, topic will be the assessment of learning. Register here.
  • Friday, November 4, 1:00 PM Eastern time/10:00 AM Pacific time, topic will be microbiology laboratory biosafety. Register here.
• Journals with relevant education resources:
  • AAI ImmunoHorizons ImmunoHorizons
  • Journal of Microbiology and Biology Education (ASM; open-source, see Tips & Tools for examples):Journal of Microbiology & Biology Education Table of Contents Volume 23, Issue 2 (asm.org)
  • CBE Life Sciences Education CBE–Life Sciences Education (LSE) (lifescied.org)
• How to tell your professional story effectively – for instruction-focused scientists (including external review): Initiative: External Peer Review of Teaching – The Teaching Academy of the Consortium of West Region Colleges of Veterinary Medicine (westregioncvm.org)
• ASM Carski Award for Educators: ASM Carski Award for Undergraduate Education
• Undergraduate degree program in Immunology at University of Alabama-Birmingham (only one in the USA): CAS – Undergraduate Immunology Program | UAB
• 3D printable antibody-antigen epitope models Antibody Epitope teaching kit by esuchman – Thingiverse
• Time stamps by Jolene. Thanks!

Music by Steve Neal. Immune logo image by Blausen Medical Send your immunology questions and comments to immune@microbe.tv

At Cornell University in Ithaca, NY, Mandy joins Immune to discuss her career and her research on understanding how Th17 cells develop and are influenced to be 'good' or 'bad' in their function.

Hosts: Vincent Racaniello, Cynthia Leifer, Steph Langel, and Brianne Barker

Guest: Mandy McGeachy

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• Th17 cytokines in health and disease (Immunity)
• Time stamps by Jolene. Thanks!

Music by Steve Neal. Immune logo image by Blausen Medical Send your immunology questions and comments to immune@microbe.tv

Immune explains a study of three cohorts of patients with ulcerative colitis which finds major perturbations within the mucosal B cell compartment, highlighting a potential role for these cells in disease pathogenesis.

Hosts: Vincent Racaniello, Cynthia Leifer, Steph Langel, and Brianne Barker

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• Gut B cell dysbiosis in ulcerative colitis (Nat Med)
• Time stamps by Jolene. Thanks!

Music by Steve Neal. Immune logo image by Blausen Medical Send your immunology questions and comments to immune@microbe.tv

Immune reviews data showing that in mice, skin bacteria activate keratinocytes to stimulate hair follicle regeneration and wound healing.

Hosts: Vincent Racaniello, Cynthia Leifer, Steph Langel, and Brianne Barker

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• Bacteria induce skin regeneration via IL-1beta (Cell Host Microbe)
• Time stamps by Jolene. Thanks!

Music by Steve Neal. Immune logo image by Blausen Medical Send your immunology questions and comments to immune@microbe.tv

Al Singer joins immune to discuss mice that have their T cell immune system reversed, revealing the molecular basis for T cell lineage fate determination in the thymus.

Hosts: Vincent Racaniello, Cynthia Leifer, Steph Langel, and Brianne Barker

Guest: Al Singer

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• T cell FlipFlop mice reveal lineage determination (Nat Immunol)
• Time stamps by Jolene. Thanks!

Music by Steve Neal. Immune logo image by Blausen Medical Send your immunology questions and comments to immune@microbe.tv

Immune reveals a CD8+ regulatory subset of T cell subset that suppress pathogenic T cells and are active in autoimmune diseases and infectious diseases including COVID-19.

Hosts: Vincent Racaniello, Cynthia Leifer, Steph Langel, and Brianne Barker

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• KIR+CD8+ regulatory T cells (Science)
• Time stamps by Jolene. Thanks!

Music by Steve Neal. Immune logo image by Blausen Medical Send your immunology questions and comments to immune@microbe.tv

Immune explains how aging influences chronic outcomes of respiratory viral infection through regulation of the alveolar macrophage compartment and type 2 inflammatory responses to viruse

Hosts: Vincent Racaniello, Cynthia Leifer, Steph Langel, and Brianne Barker

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• Age-dependent reduction in asthmatic pathology (J Immune)
• Time stamps by Jolene. Thanks!

Music by Steve Neal. Immune logo image by Blausen Medical Send your immunology questions and comments to immune@microbe.tv

Immune reveals that marginal zone B cells steal complexes of MHC and complement C3 from dendritic cells for antigen presentation to T cells.

Hosts: Vincent Racaniello, Cynthia Leifer, and Brianne Barker

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• Trogocytosis in Immune 18
• B cells steal from dendritic cells (Science)
• Time stamps by Jolene. Thanks!

Music by Steve Neal. Immune logo image by Blausen Medical Send your immunology questions and comments to immune@microbe.tv

Hosts: Vincent Racaniello, Stephanie Langel, Cynthia Leifer, and Brianne Barker

Guest: Gabriel Victora

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• Concerto in B (TWiV 161)
• Visualizing antibody affinity maturation (Science)
• Restricted B cell clonality after boosting (Cell)
• Time stamps by Jolene. Thanks!

Music by Steve Neal. Immune logo image by Blausen Medical Send your immunology questions and comments to immune@microbe.tv

Nikhil Joshi joins Immune to discuss the creation of NINJA mice that synthesize neoantigens to enable the study of endogenous antigen-specific naïve T cell responses in disease and infection.

Hosts: Vincent Racaniello, Stephanie Langel, Cynthia Leifer, and Brianne Barker

Guest: Nikhil Joshi

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• Creation of NINJA mice (Nature Biotech)
• Time stamps by Jolene. Thanks!

Music by Steve Neal. Immune logo image by Blausen Medical Send your immunology questions and comments to immune@microbe.tv

Immune reviews evidence that toll-like receptor 9 on the surface of red blood cells binds DNA, leading to uptake by macrophages and innate immune activation.

Hosts: Vincent Racaniello, Stephanie Langel, Cynthia Leifer, and Brianne Barker

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• DNA binding to TLR9 on red blood cells (Sci Transl Med)
• Time stamps by Jolene. Thanks!

Music by Steve Neal. Immune logo image by Blausen Medical Send your immunology questions and comments to immune@microbe.tv

Keke Fairfax joins Immune to discuss the work from her laboratory on understanding how maternal schistosomiasis impairs IL-4 production and B cell expansion in offspring, and modulation of macrophage immunometabolism by helminths.

Hosts: Vincent Racaniello, Stephanie Langel, Cynthia Leifer, and Brianne Barker

Guest: Keke Fairfax

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• Maternal schistosomiasis impairs offspring immunity (PloS Path)
• Helminth modulation of macrophage immunometabolism (Immune)
• Time stamps by Jolene. Thanks!

Music by Steve Neal. Immune logo image by Blausen Medical Send your immunology questions and comments to immune@microbe.tv

Tim Hand joins Immune to discuss the work from his laboratory showing that environmental enteric dysfunction, a disease caused by chronic malnutrition and infection, and which is associated with reduced growth and oral vaccine failure, is controlled by an increase in intestinal regulatory T cells.

Hosts: Vincent Racaniello, Stephanie Langel, Cynthia Leifer, and Brianne Barker

Guest: Timothy Hand

Click arrow to play Download Immune 48 (43 MB .mp3, 71 min) Subscribe (free): iTunes, Google Podcasts. RSS, email Become a patron of Immune!

• Mouse model for EED (Immunity)
• Time stamps by Jolene. Thanks!

Music by Steve Neal. Immune logo image by Blausen Medical Send your immunology questions and comments to immune@microbe.tv

The immune professors discuss neutrophil extracellular traps, and how IgA-virus immune complexes potentiate this process through Fc receptors on neutrophils.

Hosts: Vincent Racaniello, Stephanie Langel, Cynthia Leifer, and Brianne Barker

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• Antiviral IgA potentiates NETosis (PNAS)
• Letters read on Immune 47
• Time stamps by Jolene. Thanks!

Music by Steve Neal. Immune logo image by Blausen Medical Send your immunology questions and comments to immune@microbe.tv

Immune explore the observation that bat cells display dampened STING-dependent interferon activation, suggesting why bats might have a unique capacity to harbor many viruses.

Hosts: Vincent Racaniello, Stephanie Langel, Cynthia Leifer, and Brianne Barker

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• Dampened STING in bats (Cell Host Micr)
• Lessons from bat defenses (Nature)
• Bat immune systems (Front Immune)
• Bats protected from genotoxic compounds (Nat Comm)
• Letters read on Immune 46
• Time stamps by Jolene. Thanks!

Music by Steve Neal. Immune logo image by Blausen Medical Send your immunology questions and comments to immune@microbe.tv

On this episode of Immune, we answer listener questions about CAR-Macs, complement and COVID-19, sleep and the immune system, caving and the immune system, germinal centers, COVID-19 vaccines and much more.

Hosts: Vincent Racaniello, Stephanie Langel, Cynthia Leifer, and Brianne Barker

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• Letters read on Immune 45
• Time stamps by Jolene. Thanks!

Music by Steve Neal. Immune logo image by Blausen Medical Send your immunology questions and comments to immune@microbe.tv

On this episode of Immune, IgA-producing plasma cells mobilized from the gut play an unexpected role in suppressing neuroinflammation.

Hosts: Vincent Racaniello, Stephanie Langel, Cynthia Leifer, and Brianne Barker

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• Intestinal IgA regulates neuroinflammation (Cell)
• Time stamps by Jolene. Thanks!

Music by Steve Neal. Immune logo image by Blausen Medical Send your immunology questions and comments to immune@microbe.tv

On this episode of Immune, Cindy provides an update on CAR-T cell therapy of cancers and introduces two new approaches that utilize NK cells and macrophages and their use in treating solid tumors.

Hosts: Vincent Racaniello, Stephanie Langel, Cynthia Leifer, and Brianne Barker

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• CAR-T cell therapy on Immune 4
• Recent CAR-T cell advances (Nat Rev Cancer)
• Status of CAR-T cell therapy (CancerConnect)
• CAR-MAC for cancer (Nat Biotech)
• CAR-MAC for COVID-19 (bioRxiv)
• Letters read on Immune 43
• Time stamps by Jolene. Thanks!

Music by Steve Neal. Immune logo image by Blausen Medical Send your immunology questions and comments to immune@microbe.tv

Christian joins Immune to discuss the humoral memory response in a cohort of 87 individuals 1.3 and 6.2 months after infection with SARS-CoV-2.

Hosts: Vincent Racaniello, Stephanie Langel, Cynthia Leifer, and Brianne Barker

Guest: Christian Gaebler

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• Evolution of antibody immunity to SARS-CoV-2 (Nature)
• Time stamps by Jolene. Thanks!

Music by Steve Neal. Immune logo image by Blausen Medical Send your immunology questions and comments to immune@microbe.tv

Madina joins Immune to explain how the immune system of zebrafish gills compares to its functional counterpart in mammals, the lungs, and to discuss a zebrafish model for understanding olfactory loss during COVID-19.

Hosts: Vincent Racaniello, Stephanie Langel, Cynthia Leifer, and Brianne Barker

Guest: Madina Wane

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• Black in Immuno (YouTube)
• Cytokines and gill homeostasis (J Immune)
• Zebrafish model of COVID-19 olfactory loss (bioRxiv)
• Overview of fish vaccination (pdf)
• Time stamps by Jolene. Thanks!

Music by Steve Neal. Immune logo image by Blausen Medical Send your immunology questions and comments to immune@microbe.tv

Immune reminisces about a year in COVID-19 immunology, Steph's receiving the Pfizer vaccine, and answers to listener questions about a challenge study with common cold CoVs, T cell exhaustion, how CD4 T cells control infections, and more.

Hosts: Vincent Racaniello, Stephanie Langel, Cynthia Leifer, and Brianne Barker

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• Immune response during common cold CoV infection (Epidem Infect)
• Summary of diagnostic tests (NAS)
• Letters read on Immune 40
• Time stamps by Jolene. Thanks!

Music by Steve Neal. Immune logo image by Blausen Medical Send your immunology questions and comments to immune@microbe.tv

Immune catches up on COVID listener email, including discussions about long-term COVID, cross-reactive memory to SARS-CoV-2, common mucosal surfaces, the risky business of peptide mega-pools, immunodominant epitopes and much more.

Hosts: Vincent Racaniello, Stephanie Langel, Cynthia Leifer, and Brianne Barker

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• Reflections of a COVID-19 long hauler (JAMA)
• Not a cytokine storm in COVID-19 (JCIO)
• Letters read on Immune 39
• Time stamps by Jolene. Thanks!

Music by Steve Neal. Immune logo image by Blausen Medical Send your immunology questions and comments to immune@microbe.tv

Sallie joins Immune to discuss her career, emphasizing the importance of a good mentor and the ability to pivot, and her research, which has focused on mother to child transmission of infectious diseases including HIV/AIDS, CMV, and more recently, COVID-19/SARS-CoV-2.

Guest: Sallie Permar

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• Immune correlates of protection against CMV (J Inf Dis)
• Placental IgG transfer in HIV-1-infected women (Cell)
• Immunization leads to HIV-1 antibody in breast milk (J Virology)
• Lessons from COVID-19 in children (Clin Inf Dis)
• Time stamps by Jolene. Thanks!

Music by Steve Neal. Immune logo image by Blausen Medical Send your immunology questions and comments to immune@microbe.tv

Alexis, Joel, Elaine, Justine, and Evonne join Immune to discuss their careers, their research, and a platform created by a collective of Black immunologists and allies aimed at amplifying, celebrating and supporting Black voices in immunology.

Hosts: Vincent Racaniello, Stephanie Langel, Cynthia Leifer, and Brianne Barker

Guests: Alexis Mobley, Joel Babdor, Elaine Kouame, Justine Noel, Evonne Jean

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• Black in Immuno
• Black in Immuno week schedule
• Systemic racism in higher education (Science)
• Black in Microbiology (TWiM 228)
• Black in Virology (TWiV 672)
• Time stamps by Jolene. Thanks!

Music by Steve Neal. Immune logo image by Blausen Medical Send your immunology questions and comments to immune@microbe.tv

Immune describes the striking loss of germinal centers in lymph nodes and spleen in patients with severe COVID-19, providing an explanation for short-lived humoral immunity and limited somatic hypermutation of antibodies to SARS-CoV-2.

Hosts: Vincent Racaniello, Stephanie Langel, Cynthia Leifer, and Brianne Barker

Guest: Alexander Dent

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• Loss of germinal centers in severe COVID-19 patients (Cell)
• Time stamps by Jolene. Thanks!

Music by Steve Neal. Immune logo image by Blausen Medical Send your immunology questions and comments to immune@microbe.tv

Immune examines antibodies to SARS-CoV-2, including the relationship between severe COVID-19 and anti-spike antibodies, kinetics of production, and correlates of protection among coronaviruses.

Hosts: Vincent Racaniello, Stephanie Langel, Cynthia Leifer, and Brianne Barker

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Links for this episode

• COVID-19 severity linked to antibody levels (bioRxiv)
• Review of antibody mediated immunity to coronaviruses (Nat Comm)
• Time stamps by Jolene. Thanks!

Music by Steve Neal. Immune logo image by Blausen Medical Send your immunology questions and comments to immune@microbe.tv

Immune explains a study demonstrating T cells that react with SARS-CoV-2 epitopes in individuals who have never been infected with the virus, implying cross-reactivity with common cold coronaviruses.

Hosts: Vincent Racaniello and Cynthia Leifer Guest: Brianne Barker

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• Cross-reactive coronavirus CD4+ T cells (Science)
• Immune misfiring in severe COVID-19 (Nature)
• A COVID-19 riddle for the immune system (Nature)
• Letters read on Immune 34
• Time stamps by Jolene. Thanks!

Music by Steve Neal. Immune logo image by Blausen Medical Send your immunology questions and comments to immune@microbe.tv

Immune explains a study of 125 COVID-19 patients by deep immune profiling, which revealed three immunotypes associated with poor clinical prognosis or recovery.

Hosts: Vincent Racaniello and Cynthia Leifer

Guest: Brianne Barker

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Links for this episode

• CD8 cells defend against SARS-CoV (J Virol)
• Deep immune profiling of COVID-19 patients (Science)
• Letters read on Immune 33
• Image credit
• Time stamps by Jolene. Thanks!

Music by Steve Neal. Immune logo image by Blausen Medical Send your immunology questions and comments to immune@microbe.tv

Immune continues a discussion of the immune response to infection with SARS-CoV-2, including inflammatory responses and disease, antibody and T-cell responses, and vaccines, and answers to listener questions.

Hosts: Vincent Racaniello, Stephanie Langel, and Cynthia Leifer Guest: Brianne Barker

Subscribe (free): iTunes, Google Podcasts. RSS, email Become a patron of Immune!

Links for this episode

• Keep CoV off campus (NY Times)
• Inflammatory cytokines predict COVID-19 death (medRxiv)
• Imbalanced host response drives COVID-19 (Cell)
• Convergent antibody responses in COVID-19 patients (bioRxiv)
• Cross neutralization of SARS-CoV-2 by SARS-CoV mAb (Nature)
• Human T-cell responses to SARS-CoV-2 (Cell)
• DNA vaccine protects rhesus macaques (Science)
• Replicon RNA vaccine protects macaques (bioRxiv)
• Letters read on Immune 32
• Image credit
• Time stamps by Jolene. Thanks!

Music by Steve Neal. Immune logo image by Blausen Medical Send your immunology questions and comments to immune@microbe.tv