This Week in Virology

Alessandro Sette joins TWiV to discuss the role of T cells in COVID-19, the finding that amino acid changes in SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern have a negligible impact on T cell reactivity in convalescent patients and vaccinees, and whether a next generation vaccine should include more viral proteins than spike.

Hosts: Vincent Racaniello, Alan Dove, Rich Condit, and Kathy Spindler

Guest: Alessandro Sette

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• Little impact of SARS-CoV-2 variants on T cell reactivity (bioRxiv)
• NIDO 2021 Symposium
• Postdoctoral position at Towson University
• ASV hosts free COVID-19 Vaccine Education Town Halls (register here)
• Letters read on TWiV 736
• Timestamps by Jolene. Thanks!

Alan – The Disinformation Dozen report Rich – No needle, but the damage was done Kathy – Zinn art David Zinn Vincent – Clueless Wall Street Journal Op-Ed Endorses PACE as "Prevailing View" Among Docs

Justin – Finnish astrophotographer spends 12 years creating a Milky Way mosaic

Intro music is by Ronald Jenkees Send your virology questions and comments to twiv@microbe.tv

In COVID-19 clinical update #55, Daniel Griffin reviews recommendations for keeping transmission low in school settings, optimal testing strategies for schools and businesses, impact of vaccines on asymptomatic infections, vaccine safety in PASC patients, and early use of aspirin associated with decreased mortality.

Hosts: Daniel Griffin and Vincent Racaniello

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• COVID-19 in primary and secondary schools (MMWR)
• Low transmission in elementary schools (MMWR)
• COVID-19 testing guidance (CDC)
• COVID-19 vaccines and asymptomatic infections (Clin Inf Dis)
• Vaccine safety in long COVID (medRxiv)
• Phase 3 results of antibody cocktail (Regeneron)
• Aspirin associated with decreased mortality (Anesth Analg)
• Post-acute long COVID-19 syndrome (Nat Med)
• Timing, duration, health impact of PASC (medRxiv)
• Persistent neurologic and cognitive dysfunction in PASC (Ann Clin Trans Neurol)
• Letters read on TWiV 735
• Timestamps by Jolene. Thanks!

Intro music is by Ronald Jenkees Send your questions for Dr. Griffin to daniel@microbe.tv

Susan Weiss returns to TWiV to discuss coronavirus entry into cells and the role of spike protein cleavage by proteases, why lab escaped hypotheses for SARS-CoV-2 are unlikely, and modulation of innate immune responses during infection.

Hosts: Vincent Racaniello, Rich Condit, Alan Dove, Brianne Barker, and Amy Rosenfeld

Guest: Susan Weiss

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• CoV pathogenesis in CNS (J Neuro Pharm)
• SARS-CoV-2 induces dsRNA-mediated innate responses (bioRxiv)
• Screen of FDA-approved drugs (J Viral)
• Letters read on TWiV 735
• Timestamps by Jolene. Thanks!

Brianne – Tiktok of How mRNA Vaccines Work Alan – Dark Rich – Unmixing Color Machine (Ultra Laminar Reversible Flow) – Smarter Every Day 217 Amy – MOMA Calder exhibit, reviewed in NYTimes Vincent – Ripple Training (free YouTube channel)

Ruth – 100 million year old seafloor bacteria resuscitated Iradis – Linda Zall, CIA spy for science

Intro music is by Ronald Jenkees Send your virology questions and comments to twiv@microbe.tv

In COVID-19 clinical update #54, Daniel Griffin covers effectiveness of 3 vs 6 ft physical distancing, effectiveness of masks, physical distancing, and eye shields, second vaccine dose completion, alleviation of COVID-19 symptoms after vaccination, vaccine trials in children, and IDSA approval of a mAb cocktail.

Hosts: Daniel Griffin and Vincent Racaniello

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• Effectiveness of 3 ft vs 6 ft (CID)
• Effect of physical distancing, masks, eye protection (Lancet)
• Vaccine second dose completion (MMWR)
• IDSA mAb recommendations (IDSA)
• Letters read on TWiV 733
• Timestamps by Jolene. Thanks!

Intro music is by Ronald Jenkees Send your questions for Dr. Griffin to daniel@microbe.tv

Forest and Maria-Isabel join TWiV to discuss their their project to engage thousands of citizens to swab inanimate surfaces in the San Diego area, then send the samples to the Rohwer Lab for nucleic acid analysis.

Hosts: Vincent Racaniello, Dickson Despommier, Rich Condit, Kathy Spindler, and Brianne Barker

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• Forest on TWiV 391
• Swabbing surfaces in San Diego (10News)
• Nido21 meeting
• Molnupiravir in phase 2a (Fierce Biotech)
• Letters read on TWiV 732
• Timestamps by Jolene. Thanks!

Dickson – 10 amazing science tricks with liquids Brianne – How Do Blind Worms See the Color Blue? Rich – Statewide Study Shows Evidence Of Significant COVID-19 Antibodies In Children Kathy – Dark side of the moon as it crosses Earth Vincent – Wasdkeyboards and Novelkeys

Bronwen – COVID Performance Index

Intro music is by Ronald Jenkees Send your virology questions and comments to twiv@microbe.tv

On a TWiV tetramer, we review the ongoing outbreaks of Ebolavirus disease in DRC and Guinea, evidence that SARS-CoV-2 infections in children are far more prevalent than are being detected, and recent long COVID estimates from the UK.

Hosts: Vincent Racaniello, Rich Condit, Alan Dove, and Brianne Barker

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• Ebolavirus disease outbreak continues in Africa (ProMedMail)
• List of Ebolavirus outbreaks (Wikipedia)
• Ebolavirus genome sequences from Guinea (virological)
• Bias in reporting on childhood SARS-CoV-2 infections (Clinical Inf Dis)
• Estimated SARS-CoV-2 prevalence (MMWR)
• Estimated burden of SARS-CoV-2 by age group (CDC)
• UK long COVID estimates (pdf)
• Space Shuttle fly-by Vincent's office (YouTube)
• Letters read on TWiV 731
• Timestamps by Jolene. Thanks!

Brianne – Who Would Kidnap a Space Telescope? Alan – Radio Garden Rich – Countries with more obesity have had more covid deaths on average Vincent – Concord Aerospace

Intro music is by Ronald Jenkees Send your virology questions and comments to twiv@microbe.tv

In COVID-19 clinical update #53, Daniel Griffin reviews underreporting of infections and long term disease in children, a blood test for T cells, results of phase 3 trials for monoclonal antibodies, preliminary findings on an oral antiviral, clinical trial of ivermectin, and recommendations for upcoming gatherings.

Hosts: Daniel Griffin and Vincent Racaniello

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• SARS-CoV-2 seroprevalence in
• EUA for T cell test (FDA)
• Lilly mAb phase 3 results (Lilly)
• VIR-7831 mAb phase 3 results (Globenewswire)
• Molnupiravir phase 2a results (Merck)
• Ivermectin not supported for mild COVID-19 (JAMA)
• Recommendations for fully vaccinated people (CDC)
• Letters read on TWiV 730
• Timestamps by Jolene. Thanks!

Intro music is by Ronald Jenkees Send your questions for Dr. Griffin to daniel@microbe.tv

Matt Frieman returns to TWiV to discuss the COVID-19 pandemic from the point of view of a coronavirologist, including his work with Novavax on their spike protein-based vaccine.

Hosts: Vincent Racaniello, Dickson Despommier, Rich Condit, Kathy Spindler, and Brianne Barker

Guest: Matt Frieman

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• Phase 1-2 trial of Novavax protein vaccine (NEJM)
• MERS-CoV spike nanoparticle vaccine in mice (Vaccine)
• Novavax phase 3 press release
• When you've been fully vaccinated (CDC)
• Letters read on TWiV 729
• Timestamps by Jolene. Thanks!

Dickson – Covid-19 deaths per million ranked by average income Brianne – KFF COVID-19 Vaccine Monitor for Feb 2021 and KFF COVID-19 Vaccine Monitor Dashboard Rich – The Woman Who Stood Between America and a Generation of 'Thalidomide Babies'(wiki) Kathy – Quadrantid meteor (Quadrantids) Vincent – Higher Superstition by Paul Gross and Norman Levitt

Intro music is by Ronald Jenkees Send your virology questions and comments to twiv@microbe.tv

TWiV notes the passing of Mavis Agbandje-McKenna, and reviews data on maximizing fit for cloth and medical procedure masks, SARS-CoV-2 total and subgenomic viral load in hospitalized patients, and effect of changes in spike protein on efficacy in a mouse model of infection.

Hosts: Vincent Racaniello, Dickson Despommier, Alan Dove, Rich Condit, and Brianne Barker

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• Mavis Agbandje-McKenna dies (UF)
• Mavis on TWiV 448
• Maximizing mask fit (MMWR)
• Genomic and subgenomic RNA in COVID-19 patients (medRxiv)
• Effect of spike changes on protection of mice (mBio)
• Letters read on TWiV 728
• Timestamps by Jolene. Thanks!

Dickson – Wild animal photos Brianne – Greater than COVID Alan – WHO report on infodemic response Rich – Reference Guide to the International Space Station Vincent – 3D Molecular Designs

Lisbeth – Have the new jab Karen – Cholera exhibit at Museum of Trades and Crafts

Intro music is by Ronald Jenkees Send your virology questions and comments to twiv@microbe.tv

In COVID-19 clinical update #52, Daniel Griffin reviews differences in attack rates between children and adults, J&J vaccine phase III data, G6PD deficiency and vaccines, NIH halts convalescent plasma trial, dexamethasone in hospitalized patients, data on tocilizumab, and long COVID in children.

Hosts: Daniel Griffin and Vincent Racaniello

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• SARS-CoV-2 attack rates in children and adults (Clin Inf Dis)
• Documents for J&J COVID-19 vaccine review (FDA)
• Convalescent plasma and clinical outcomes (JAMA)
• NIH halts convalescent plasma trial (NIH)
• Dexamethasone in hospitalized COVID-19 patients (NEJM)
• Tocilizumab in hospitalized COVID-19 patients (NEJM)
• Update on long COVID prevalence (UK ONS)
• Letters read on TWiV 727
• Timestamps by Jolene. Thanks!

Intro music is by Ronald Jenkees Send your questions for Dr. Griffin to daniel@microbe.tv

Janet Iwasa joins TWiV to recount how she became a molecular animator, including a pivot during her Ph.D. thesis research, the value of animations in science, and their latest animation of SARS-CoV-2 entry into cells.

Hosts: Vincent Racaniello, Rich Condit, Brianne Barker and Kathy Spindler

Guest: Janet Iwasa

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• The Animation Lab
• SARS-CoV-2 animation
• Documents for J&J COVID-19 vaccine review (FDA)
  • Phase III data (pdf)
  • Slide presentation of data (pdf)
  • Addendum (pdf)
  • Summary of v-Safe data (pdf)
• Timestamps by Jolene. Thanks!

Brianne – How T cells see SARS-CoV2 Rich – Ice bubbles in Lago Bianco, Switzerland Kathy – Music in COVID-19 control tents Vincent – Perseverance runs on processors used in 1990s iMacs

Intro music is by Ronald Jenkees Send your virology questions and comments to twiv@microbe.tv

Eva Harris and Janet Smith join TWiV to discuss how an antibody against dengue virus NS1 protein blocks endothelial dysfunction and the potential of treating infections by multiple flaviviruses.

Hosts: Vincent Racaniello, Alan Dove, Rich Condit, and Kathy Spindler

Guest: Eva Harris and Janet Smith

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• Eva Harris on TWiV 228
• Zika virus in Nicaragua (virology blog)
• How an antibody block NS1-mediated endothelial dysfunction (Science)
• Broadly protective antibody against NS1 (Science)
• Letters read on TWiV 725
• Timestamps by Jolene. Thanks!

Alan – Science Photographer of the Year Awards Rich – Bar Keeper's Friend Kathy – Perseverance secret message and other Easter eggs, 11 million Earthlings' names, "Name the Rover" essay contest. Sign up to send your name on a future Mars mission. Vincent – COVID-19 dataset

Matthew - Remembering the colleagues we lost to COVID-19 Lori - Iceberger

Intro music is by Ronald Jenkees Send your virology questions and comments to twiv@microbe.tv

In COVID-19 clinical update #51, Daniel Griffin reviews use of two masks, effectiveness of testing in nursing homes, updates on vaccines, use of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, little effect of vitamin D and remdesivir in clinical studies, and a long COVID research initiative from NIH.

Hosts: Daniel Griffin and Vincent Racaniello

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• Updated NYC mask guidance (NYC Health)
• Two masks recommended (CDC)
• Effectiveness of testing in nursing homes (Clin Inf Dis)
• Vaccine reactogenicity and antibody response after COVID-19 (medRxiv)
• Bamlanivimab alone or with Etesevimab (JAMA)
• Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and death (BMJ)
• Budesonide and COVID-19 (medRxiv)
• No effect of vitamin D high dose (JAMA)
• Remdesivir little effect on hospitalized patients (NEJM)
• Sequelae 6 months after infection (JAMA)
• Long COVID initiative (NIH)
• Letters read on TWiV 724
• Timestamps by Jolene. Thanks!

Intro music is by Ronald Jenkees Send your questions for Dr. Griffin to daniel@microbe.tv

Ginger Campbell joins TWiV to discuss palliative care for COVID-19 patients, and how to approach the disease from a goals of care perspective.

Hosts: Vincent Racaniello, Dickson Despommier, Rich Condit, and Brianne Barker

Guest: Ginger Campbell, MD

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• Brain Science Podcast
• Dr. Campbell's video on palliative care (YouTube)
• Resources on palliative care (WHO)
• Interviews with Paul Offit (one, two)
• Being Mortal by Atul Gawande
• Letters read on TWiV 723
• Timestamps by Jolene. Thanks!

Dickson – Soapbox Gallery Brianne – Cell Picture Show Rich – Perseverance Rover's Descent and Touchdown on Mars (Official NASA Video) Vincent – Our World in Data (see COVID-19 vaccinations)

Intro music is by Ronald Jenkees Send your virology questions and comments to twiv@microbe.tv

The entire TWiV team assembles to discuss resurgence of COVID-19 in Manaus, Brazil, discovery of SARS-CoV-2 related viruses in bats in Southeast Asia, and increased Ct values after administration of mRNA vaccine.

Hosts: Vincent Racaniello, Dickson Despommier, Alan Dove, Rich Condit, Kathy Spindler, and Brianne Barker

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• Resurgence of COVID-19 in Manaus (Lancet)
• SARS-CoV-2 related viruses in Southeast Asian bats (Nat Comm)
• Increased Ct following COVID-19 vaccination (medRxiv)
• Letters read on TWiV 722
• Timestamps by Jolene. Thanks!

Dickson – What is the polar vortex? Brianne – Cloning of the black-footed ferret Alan – Explaining mRNA vaccines with Star Wars Rich – Brighton Collaboration (BRAVATO); Ad26 vector template Kathy – Target public health ads to zipcodes Vincent – And Then the Gorillas Started Coughing

Kim – Virus getting the shot (jpg)

Intro music is by Ronald Jenkees Send your virology questions and comments to twiv@microbe.tv

In COVID-19 clinical update #50, Daniel Griffin discusses CDC guidance on school opening, decreased viral load after vaccination, randomized clinical trial of vitamin D treatment, a study of zinc plus vitamin C, anticoagulation therapy effect on mortality, and multi system inflammatory phase in children.

Hosts: Daniel Griffin and Vincent Racaniello

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• Guidance on school openings (CDC)
• Calcifediol Treatment and COVID-19 (Lancet preprints)
• Zinc and vitamin C for COVID-19 (JAMA)
• Early anticoagulant therapy (BMJ)
• Multisystem inflammatory phase in children (CDC)
• Letters read on TWiV 721
• Timestamps by Jolene. Thanks!

Intro music is by Ronald Jenkees Send your questions for Dr. Griffin to daniel@microbe.tv

Paul Offit joins TWiV to discuss all things vaccine, including how COVID-19 vaccine development was accelerated, whether the vaccines are safe and efficacious, the difference between an EUA and a licensed vaccine, sterilizing immunity, herd immunity, and much more.

Hosts: Vincent Racaniello, Dickson Despommier, Alan Dove, Rich Condit, and Brianne Barker

Guest: Paul Offit

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• Vaccine education center
• Letters read on TWiV 720
• Timestamps by Jolene. Thanks!

Dickson – Life in a Day 2020 Brianne – Microcosms in Glass Alan – NEJM article on promoting vaccination, interview with lead author Rich – The Microbescope Vincent – Autism's False Prophets by Paul Offit

Earl – Science is Real Pins

Intro music is by Ronald Jenkees Send your virology questions and comments to twiv@microbe.tv

In COVID-19 clinical update #49, Daniel Griffin discusses CDC guidelines on mask use, drop in test frequency in the US, resurgence of COVID-19 in Brazil, possible impact of Pfizer vaccine on viral load, EUA for bamlanivimab and etesevimab administered together, and preliminary results of Tocilizumab in hospitalized patients.

Hosts: Daniel Griffin and Vincent Racaniello

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• Resurgence of COVID-19 in Brazil (Lancet)
• Pfizer vaccine reduces viral load (medRxiv)
• EUA for bamlanivimab plus etesevimab (pdf)
• Tocilizumab in hospitalized patients (medRxiv)
• Bacterial superinfections in COVID-19 (Open For Inf Dis)
• Letters read on TWiV 719
• Timestamps by Jolene. Thanks!

Intro music is by Ronald Jenkees Send your questions for Dr. Griffin to daniel@microbe.tv

TWiV explores single dose administration and timing of second dose of AZD1222 COVID-19 vaccine, safety and efficacy of Sputnik V, and control of coronavirus recombination by a viral proofreading exonuclease.

Hosts: Vincent Racaniello, Rich Condit, Kathy Spindler, and Brianne Barker

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• AZD1222 single dose efficacy and booster timing (Lancet preprint)
• Safety and efficacy of Sputnik V vaccine (Lancet)
• Proofreading exonuclease regulates CoV recombination (PLoS Path)
• Letters read on TWiV 718
• Timestamps by Jolene. Thanks!

Brianne – Do scientists read enough fiction? Rich – Insects in flight; Insect flight|Capturing takeoff Kathy – Badger seal Vincent – MicrobeTV merchandise

Intro music is by Ronald Jenkees Send your virology questions and comments to twiv@microbe.tv

Theodora and Paul return to TWiV to explain how they quickly pivoted their retrovirus laboratories towards SARS-CoV-2, their work on the antibody response to infection and its durability, and the emergence of variants with increased resistance to neutralization.

Hosts: Vincent Racaniello, Dickson Despommier, Alan Dove, and Rich Condit

Guests: Paul Bieniasz and Theodora Hatziioannou

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• Evolution of antibody immunity to SARS-CoV-2 (bioRxiv)
• mRNA vaccine elicited antibody to variants (bioRxiv)
• Escape from neutralizing antibodies by SARS-CoV-2 variants (eLife)
• Musings of an anonymous, pissed off virologist (virology blog)
• Timestamps by Jolene. Thanks!

Dickson – Mars Perseverance Rover Alan – The Outlaw Ocean Rich – Anand Varma Photography Vincent – Virology Lectures 2021

Intro music is by Ronald Jenkees Send your virology questions and comments to twiv@microbe.tv

In COVID-19 clinical update #48, Daniel Griffin reviews effect of spike amino acid changes on neutralization with monoclonal antibodies, Sputnik V safety and efficacy results, increased reactogenicity after a single vaccine dose in seropositive individuals, single dose vaccination in seropositive health care workers, and results of three clinical trials on the use of anticoagulants.

Hosts: Daniel Griffin and Vincent Racaniello

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• Resistance of variants to mAb neutralization (bioRxiv)
• Safety and efficacy of Sputnik V (Lancet)
• Increased vaccine reactogenicity in seropositives (medRxiv)
• Single dose vaccination in seropositive health care workers (medRxiv)
• Update on vaccine intervals (CDC)
• Single dose AZD1222 results (Lancet preprints)
• Three RCT on anticoagulants (NIH)
• Letters read on TWiV 716
• Timestamps by Jolene. Thanks!

Intro music is by Ronald Jenkees Send your questions for Dr. Griffin to daniel@microbe.tv

TWiV explains why hydroxychloroquine failed in humans despite showing antiviral effects in cells, and reviews the published data on the Pfizer/BioNTech mRNA vaccine.

Hosts: Vincent Racaniello, Rich Condit, Kathy Spindler, and Brianne Barker

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• TMPRSS2 is why hydroxychloroquine failed (PLoS Path)
• Safety and efficacy of BNT162b2 mRNA vaccine (NEJM)
• Letters read on TWiV 715
• Timestamps by Jolene. Thanks!

Brianne – How the Body Reacts to Viruses Rich – How do wombats poop cubes? Kathy – The Verse by the Side of the Road Vincent – Janet Iwasa's SARS-CoV-2 entry animation

Intro music is by Ronald Jenkees Send your virology questions and comments to twiv@microbe.tv

Jason McLellan joins TWiV to reveal all we know about the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein, followed by Novavax and J&S phase 3 results and a discussion of variants of concern: neutralization by vaccine-induced antibodies, transmission, and virulence.

Hosts: Vincent Racaniello, Dickson Despommier, Alan Dove, Rich Condit, and Amy Rosenfeld

Guest: Jason McLellan

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• Prefusion spike structure (Science)
• Neutralization of VOC by vaccine induced antibodies: Moderna and Pfizer
• Novavax COVID-19 vaccine phase 3 results (Novavax)
• J&J COVID-19 vaccine phase 3 results (J&J)
• B.1.1.7 has been in the US since November 2019 (virological.org)
• NERVTAG report on B.1.1.7 virulence (pdf)
• Timestamps by Jolene. Thanks!

Dickson – Pandemic Pivot and Tuba Skinny Alan – Technological challenges in vaccine rollout Rich – I was lucky to find this vaccine anywhere Vincent – Lady Gaga's MIXED METER Star Spangled Banner?!

Intro music is by Ronald Jenkees Send your virology questions and comments to twiv@microbe.tv

In COVID-19 clinical update #47, Daniel Griffin reviews phase 3 results for Novavax and J&J vaccines, transmission in K-12 settings in Wisconsin, data on Lilly and Regeneron monoclonal antibody therapy, and a study of colchicine for treatment of disease.

Hosts: Daniel Griffin and Vincent Racaniello

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• Novavax vaccine phase 3 results (Novavax)
• J&J vaccine phase 3 results (J&J)
• COVID-19 and transmission in K-12 schools (MMWR)
• Lilly mAb therapy (NEJM)
• Regeneron mAb prophylaxis (Regeneron)
• Colchicine for COVID-19 (Cardiol Today)
• Letters read on TWiV 713
• Timestamps by Jolene. Thanks!

Intro music is by Ronald Jenkees Send your questions for Dr. Griffin to daniel@microbe.tv

Gisa, Steffi, and César join TWiV to discuss their careers, their research, and the COVID-19 pandemic in Germany.

Hosts: Vincent Racaniello, Rich Condit, and Kathy Spindler

Guests: Gisa Gerold, Stefanie Becker, and César Muñoz-Fontela

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• German Society for Virology
• Ticks in Germany and TBEV (Sci Rep)
• Timestamps by Jolene. Thanks!

Intro music is by Ronald Jenkees Send your virology questions and comments to twiv@microbe.tv

The TWiVers review Biden's national strategy for the COVID-19 responses and pandemic preparedness, and an evaluation of the BinaxNOW rapid antigen test for SARS-CoV-2 infection.

Hosts: Vincent Racaniello, Dickson Despommier, Alan Dove, Rich Condit, and Brianne Barker

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• Biden's COVID-19 strategy (pdf)
• CDC evaluation of BinaxNOW antigen test (MMWR)
• FDA instructions for BinaxNOW test (pdf)
• Adam Neely on Sea Shanties (YouTube)
• Letters read on TWiV 711
• Timestamps by Jolene. Thanks!

Dickson – Spelling Bee Brianne – He Made a Viral Bernie Meme Site. Now He Has to Keep it Going Alan – America's Cup AC75 capsize and aftermath in qualifying race Rich – Game Theory's UNCENSORED Interview With Dr. Fauci | The Truth About COVID-19 Vaccines Vincent – Top Science Podcasts

Intro music is by Ronald Jenkees Send your virology questions and comments to twiv@microbe.tv

In COVID-19 clinical update #46, Daniel Griffin discusses the BinaxNow rapid antigen test, efficacy of Bamlanivimab in nursing homes, associations of serum vitamin D concentrations with in-hospital mortality and need for invasive mechanical ventilation, trials of IL-6 receptor antagonists, effects of anticoagulants on in-hospital mortality, and symptom persistence in outpatients.

Hosts: Daniel Griffin and Vincent Racaniello

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• Evaluation of Abbott BinaxNOW (MMWR)
• Lilly mAb in nursing homes (WSJ)
• Vitamin D and COVID-19 severity (Mayo Clin Proc)
• Anticoagulation, aspirin, in-hospital mortality in COVID-19 (medRxiv)
• Long COVID symptoms in outpatients (Ann Int Med)
• Letters read on TWiV 710
• Timestamps by Jolene. Thanks!

Intro music is by Ronald Jenkees Send your questions for Dr. Griffin to daniel@microbe.tv

In this episode, President Biden elevates his science advisor to his Cabinet, a review of the current flu season, the scientific goals of the WHO-convened Global Study of the Origins of SARS-CoV-2, and answers to listener questions.

Hosts: Vincent Racaniello, Rich Condit, and Kathy Spindler

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• President's science advisor to Cabinet (NY Times)
• Letter from Biden to Lander (pdf)
• Weekly flu (CDC)
• Weekly NY flu (NYDOH)
• WHO study on SARS-CoV-2 origins (WHO)
• Letters read on TWiV 709
• Timestamps by Jolene. Thanks!

Kathy – 15 YouTubers play Telestrations Vincent – Vince Beiser

Bob, David, Janet – Sea Shanty by A Cappella Science (YouTube, TikTok, Bandcamp)

Intro music is by Ronald Jenkees Send your virology questions and comments to twiv@microbe.tv

The TWiVy team deconstructs CoronaVac, the inactivated SARS-CoV-2 vaccine produced by Sinovac Biotech, and production of multivalent camelid nanobodies that block infection with the virus and suppress selection of neturalization-resistant variants.

Hosts: Vincent Racaniello, Dickson Despommier, Alan Dove, Rich Condit, and Brianne Barker

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• David Kessler to head Operation Warp Speed (NY Times)
• Phase 1/2 results of Sinovac inactivated vaccine (Lancet)
• beta-propiolactone (Wikipedia)
• Multivalent anti-SARS-CoV-2 nanobodies (Science)
• Letters read on TWiV 708
• Timestamps by Jolene. Thanks!

Dickson – Photos of mob attacking Capitol Brianne – Video of Neutrophil Phagocytosis Alan – Fishing Through the Apocalypse Rich – A Word on Statistics by Wislawa Szymborska Vincent – Letters from an American

Mike – Have the new jab

Intro music is by Ronald Jenkees

In COVID-19 clinical update #45, Daniel Griffin discusses J&J Ad26 vaccine results, reactogenicity after the second dose of mRNA vaccines, expansion of vaccine eligibility, and the finding that encephalitis after SARS-CoV-2 infection is a cytokine release syndrome.

Hosts: Daniel Griffin and Vincent Racaniello

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• J&J Ad26 vaccine phase 1/2 results (NEJM)
• SARS-CoV-2 encephalitis is a cytokine release syndrome (CID)
• Letters read on TWiV 707
• Timestamps by Jolene. Thanks!

Intro music is by Ronald Jenkees Send your questions for Dr. Griffin to daniel@microbe.tv

TWiV answers listener questions about pandemic response, excess deaths in 25-44 year olds, vaccines, vaccines, and vaccines.

Hosts: Vincent Racaniello, Rich Condit, Kathy Spindler, and Brianne Barker

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• Poems are at Twiverse
• 2020 US traffic deaths (Car & Driver)
• National Vaccine Injury Compensation Program (HRSA)
• Jet injector (Wikipedia)
• Letters read on TWiV 706
• Timestamps by Jolene. Thanks!

Brianne – We Know Almost Nothing About Giant Viruses Rich – The Coccolithophores Project Kathy – v-safe and Vaccine Handbook Vincent – Gorillas at San Diego Zoo infected with SARS-CoV-2 (pdf)

Intro music is by Ronald Jenkees Send your virology questions and comments to twiv@microbe.tv

Emily Travanty from the Colorado Department of Public Health and Environment joins TWiV to discuss how her laboratory was the first in the US to detect the SARS-CoV-2 variant VOC 202012/01.

Hosts: Vincent Racaniello, Dickson Despommier, Alan Dove, Rich Condit, and Brianne Barker

Guest: Emily Travanty

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• VOC detected in Colorado (WaPo)
• US has sequenced only 50,000 SARS-CoV-2 genomes (CDC)
• Human CoV evolves to escape immunity (bioRxiv)
• Timestamps by Jolene. Thanks!

Dickson – Randal Despommier on saxophone Brianne – Giant Microbes SARS-CoV2 Alan – West of Loathing Rich – Draft landscape of COVID-19 candidate vaccines Vincent – SARS-CoV-2 spillover events

Daniel – His Vaccine Story Inspired His Father To Write A Disney Classic

Intro music is by Ronald Jenkees Send your virology questions and comments to twiv@microbe.tv

In this COVID-19 clinical update, Daniel Griffin summarizes current status of vaccination in the US, discusses a study on convalescent sera from Argentina, use of remdesivir in patients with kidney disease, and provides further considerations on the use of Ct values in patient management.

Hosts: Daniel Griffin and Vincent Racaniello

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• Argentine study on plasma therapy (NEJM)
• Ct values and clinical outcome (Open Forum Inf Dis)
• Bamlanivimab fact sheet (FDA pdf)
• Cognitive defects in recovered COVID-19 patients (medRxiv)
• Letters read on TWiV 704
• Timestamps by Jolene. Thanks!

Intro music is by Ronald Jenkees Send your questions for Dr. Griffin to daniel@microbe.tv

On this episode, a discussion of why modifying the dose schedule of the mRNA vaccines in the US is not a good idea, evidence that lower Ct values on hospital admission is associated with higher mortality, and dose-dependent response to SARS-CoV-2 infection of ferrets.

Hosts: Vincent Racaniello, Rich Condit, Kathy Spindler, and Brianne Barker

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• BSL-3 Assistant Manager position
• Follow authorized vaccine dosing schedule (FDA)
• Mina suggests one vaccine dose (NY Times)
• UK decision document on vaccine dose (pdf)
• Ct linked to COVID-19 mortality (Open Forum Inf Dis)
• Dose-dependent infection of ferrets (Nat Comm)
• Letters read on TWiV 703
• Timestamps by Jolene. Thanks!

Brianne – Linsey Marr on masks Kathy – Striped Martian Sand Dunes and Rich – How Microwaving Grapes Makes Plasma Vincent – Musings of an anonymous, pissed off virologist

Laura – Auld Lang Syne follow-up

Intro music is by Ronald Jenkees Send your virology questions and comments to twiv@microbe.tv

For this first episode of 2021, the complete TWiV team reviews compelling virology stories of 2020, and thanks the multitude of guests who have helped us to navigate the pandemic, and our many listeners who turn to us for scientific facts.

Hosts: Vincent Racaniello, Dickson Despommier, Alan Dove, Rich Condit, Kathy Spindler, and Brianne Barker

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• Poems are at Twiverse
• This little virus went to market (TWiV 581)
• Host genetics initiative TWiV 628
• Inborn errors of immunity & serious COVID TWiV 671
• Lisa Gralinski TWiV 674
• Tragic gene flow from Neanderthals TWiV 676
• Ivermectin and COVID-19 (TWiV 599)
• DC and Galveston road trips: TWiV 625, 643, 646, 589, 580, 583, 587)
• Fauci and Hotez interviews (TWiV 641, 687)
• Long-haul COVID, pro-thrombotic autoantibodies (TWiV 680, 683)
• Minority health and disparities (TWiV 655)
• Diversity in science (TWiV 672, 670)
• SeXX matters (TWiV 624)
• Kate Rubins (TWiV 682)
• Laura Splan (TWiV 691)
• Protective immune responses (TWiV 693, 685, 683)
• Immune memory/cross-reactivity (TWiV 684, 681, 650, 631)
• Timestamps by Jolene. Thanks!

Dickson – Best of 2020 by NASA and The Plague Year Brianne – Where Year Two of the Pandemic Will Take Us Alan – Japan's distinct form of vaccine hesitancy Kathy – Paul Offit updates on the vaccine rollout and Choral Scholars of University College Dublin (John Greene's videoessay on the song) Rich – Do You Love Me? Vincent – Story on Katalin Kariko's career

Louise – Virus socks

Intro music is by Ronald Jenkees Send your virology questions and comments to twiv@microbe.tv

In Daniel Griffin's final clinical report for 2020, he summarizes what we have learned about the clinical management of COVID-19 patients in the past year.

Hosts: Daniel Griffin and Vincent Racaniello

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• Attributes and predictors of long COVID-19 (medRxiv)
• Letters read on TWiV 701
• Timestamps by Jolene. Thanks!

Intro music is by Ronald Jenkees Send your virology questions and comments to twiv@microbe.tv

TWiV reviews additional data on the UK variant of SARS-CoV-2, the distinct variant spreading in South Africa, association of afucosylated antiviral IgG with severe COVID-19, approval of AstraZeneca vaccine in the UK, and winners of the pandemic poem contest.

Hosts: Vincent Racaniello, Rich Condit, Kathy Spindler, and Brianne Barker

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• BSL-3 Assistant Manager position
• PHE update #2 (pdf)
• South African variant (medRxiv)
• CDC cautious in conclusions on variant
• Afucosylated IgG and severe COVID-19 (Science)
• AstraZeneca vaccine EUA in UK (BBC)
• Letters read on TWiV 700
• Timestamps by Jolene. Thanks!

Brianne – Ready Player Two Kathy – Bert Hubert's Reverse Engineering of the Pfizer/BioNTech vaccine Rich – Boston Dynamics running robots Vincent – Fever by John Fuller

Intro music is by Ronald Jenkees Send your virology questions and comments to twiv@microbe.tv

From the 2020 online meeting of the American Society for Tropical Medicine and Hygiene, Vincent speaks with Jonathan Auguste, Carol Blair, Desiree LaBeaud, Louis Lambrechts, and Mauricio Nogueira about their careers and their research on arthropod-borne viruses.

Host: Vincent Racaniello

Guests: Jonathan Auguste, Carol Blair, Desiree LaBeaud, Louis Lambrechts, and Mauricio Nogueira

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• RNAi in arbovirus-vector interactions (Viruses)
• Arbovirus emergence via bridge vectors (Sci Rep)
• Rift Valley fever (Trop Med Inf Dis)
• Flavivirus infection and cerebrovascular events (Viruses)
• Timestamps by Jolene. Thanks!

Intro music is by Ronald Jenkees Send your virology questions and comments to twiv@microbe.tv

Daniel Griffin provides his weekly clinical report on COVID-19, including his own experience with vaccination, guidelines for vaccine distribution, reasons for under-utilization of monoclonal antibody therapy, and much more.

Hosts: Daniel Griffin and Vincent Racaniello

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• Phased allocation of COVID-19 vaccines (ACIP slides)
• How CDC is making COVID-19 vaccine recommendations (CDC)
• Letters read on TWiV 698
• Timestamps by Jolene. Thanks!

Intro music is by Ronald Jenkees Send your virology questions and comments to twiv@microbe.tv

TWiV reviews the latest data on the UK variant of SARS-CoV-2, including some properties of the variant and why it is being closely studied, development of liver cancer in a participant in a adenovirus-associated virus gene therapy trial, and answers to listener questions.

Hosts: Vincent Racaniello, Rich Condit, Kathy Spindler, and Brianne Barker

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• BSL-3 Assistant Manager position 3:39
• NERVTAG meeting minutes (pdf)
• NERVTAG
• Preliminary genomic characterization of UK variant (virological.org)
• PHE investigation of UK variant (pdf)
• N501Y does not affect antibody neutralization (Science, eLife)
• WHO notice on UK variant (WHO)
• Liver tumor during AAV gene therapy (Science)
• Letters read on TWiV 697
• Timestamps by Jolene. Thanks!

Brianne – EM Rap Podcast COVID update Kathy – Conjunction of Jupiter and Saturn and Tony Fauci vaccinated Santa Claus Rich – Chicken LIttle (wiki) Vincent – virological.org

Greg – Someone who wants to make a difference Uli – XKCD on statistics

Intro music is by Ronald Jenkees Send your virology questions and comments to twiv@microbe.tv

TWiV explains that COVID-19 is not harmless for young adults, FAA approval for Pfizer mRNA vaccine, lack of justification for the claim of reverse transcription of SARS-CoV-2 RNA and integration into the human genome, and lack of evidence for increased transmission by new variants in the UK.

Hosts: Vincent Racaniello, Dickson Despommier, Alan Dove, Rich Condit, and Brianne Barker

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• BSL-3 laboratory assistant manager position
• FDA authorizes EUA for Moderna mRNA vaccine (FDA)
• COVID-19 is not harmless for young adults (NY Times)
• Excess mortality 25-44 years (JAMA)
• Pfizer mRNA vaccine approved by FAA (AOPA)
• SARS-CoV-2 RNA reverse transcription (bioRxiv)
• Information on UK variant (GISAID, BMJ)
• US agency computers compromised (WaPo)
• DoD study on low risk of flying (WaPo)
• When can children be vaccinated? (Guardian)
• Letters read on TWiV 696
• Timestamps by Jolene. Thanks!

Dickson – 2020 Audubon Photography Winners Brianne – COVID-19 Changed Science Forever Alan – Entangled Life by Merlin Sheldrake Rich – Lie of the Year: Coronavirus downplay and denial; John 18:38 Vincent – How New York City Vaccinated 6 Million People in Less Than a Month (my article from 2009)

Intro music is by Ronald Jenkees Send your virology questions and comments to twiv@microbe.tv

Daniel Griffin provides his weekly clinical report on COVID-19, including thoughts on the first immunizations with Pfizer mRNA vaccine, the anticipated EUA for the Moderna vaccine, whether the vaccine prevents infection, not just disease, monoclonal antibody therapy, and much more.

Hosts: Daniel Griffin and Vincent Racaniello

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• FDA EUA for Pfizer mRNA vaccine (FDA)
• Ellume at-home SARS-CoV-2 antigen test (Ellume)
• Pre-K through grade 12 COVID-19 mitigation costs (MMWR)
• Letters read on TWiV 695
• Timestamps by Jolene. Thanks!

Intro music is by Ronald Jenkees Send your virology questions and comments to twiv@microbe.tv

On this episode, TWiV makes Bloomberg Business News 2020 Jealousy List, crushing of CDC revealed by insiders, seasonal influenza during the COVID-19 pandemic, FDA briefing documents from Moderna, and three-quarters attack rate of SARS-CoV-2 during an unmitigated epidemic in Brazil.

Hosts: Vincent Racaniello, Rich Condit, Kathy Spindler, and Brianne Barker

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• BSL-3 Assistant Manager position
• TWiV makes Bloomberg Business News 2020 Jealousy List (BBN)
• Crushing of the CDC (NY Times)
• Seasonal influenza during COVID-19 pandemic (jpg)
• Moderna briefing documents (FDA)
• Three-quarters attack rate in Brazil (Science)
• Outdoor transmission of SARS-CoV-2 (J Inf Dis)
• Rich Condit reminisces (YouTube)
• Timestamps by Jolene. Thanks!

Brianne – Fears of a 'Twindemic' Recede as Flu Lies Low Kathy – Faculty Equity & COVID-19 UM ADVANCE Rich – 'Sistine Chapel of the ancients' rock art Vincent – Winners of ASM Agar Art Contest 2020

Johnye – 2020 Year of the Vax t-shirt (and more)

Intro music is by Ronald Jenkees Send your virology questions and comments to twiv@microbe.tv

On this episode, FDA EUA for Pfizer mRNA vaccine, efficacy of AstraZeneca ChAdOx1 COVID-19 vaccine, and an orally administered drug that blocks SARS-CoV-2 transmission in ferrets.

Hosts: Vincent Racaniello, Dickson Despommier, Alan Dove, Rich Condit, and Brianne Barker

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• BSL-3 laboratory assistant manager position
• FDA advisory committee votes in favor of EUA for Pfizer vaccine (NY Times)
• Sanofi/Glaxo subunit vaccine steps back (Stat)
• Efficacy of ChAdOx1 COVID-19 vaccine (Lancet)
• Oral antiviral blocks SARS-CoV-2 transmission in ferrets (Nat Micro)
• Letters read on TWiV 693
• Timestamps by Jolene. Thanks!

Dickson – 2020 In Photos: A Year Like No Other Brianne – Cooking for Geeks Alan – On Food and Cooking Rich – NASA Artemis (Wiki) Vincent – The virus, the bats, and us

Intro music is by Ronald Jenkees Send your virology questions and comments to twiv@microbe.tv

Daniel Griffin provides his weekly clinical report on COVID-19, including the anticipated EUA for the Pfizer mRNA vaccine, mitigation strategies in early care and education settings, expressive aphasia, and much more.

Hosts: Daniel Griffin and Vincent Racaniello

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• Mitigation strategies in early care and education settings (MMWR)
• WHO solidarity trial results (NEJM)
• Letters read on TWiV 692
• Timestamps by Jolene. Thanks!

Intro music is by Ronald Jenkees Send your virology questions and comments to twiv@microbe.tv

SciArtist Laura Splan joins TWiV to reveal her transdisciplinary work that intersects science, technology, design and culture, then we discuss an inverse correlation between mumps virus antibodies induced by MMR vaccine and COVID-19 severity, and whether ivermectin is indicated for treatment of COVID-19.

Hosts: Vincent Racaniello, Rich Condit, Kathy Spindler, and Brianne Barker

Guest: Laura Splan

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• Laura Splan website
• BSL-3 Assistant Manager position
• MMR titers in recovered COVID-19 patients (mBio)
• Ivermectin and SARS-CoV-2 (TWiV 599)
• Treatment of COVID-19 with ivermectin (Int J Inf Dis)
• Ivermectin approved dosing (Mayo Clinic)
• Briefing document for Pfizer vaccine (FDA)
• Vaccinated? Wear a mask (NY Times)
• Efficacy of ChAdOx1 vaccine (Lancet)
• Mix & Match Pfizer & Oxford jabs (Times Long)
• SARS-CoV-2 seroprevalence in Seattle (medRxiv)
• Timestamps by Jolene. Thanks!

Brianne – Patterns for Virus snowflakes Kathy – 2020 Nobel Prize lectures (hepatitis C) (link to all and concert) Historical review by Harvey Alter Rich – New Data Confirm 2020 SO is Upper Centaur Rocket Booster from 1960's (Wiki) Vincent – The Right Stuff

Miikael – Tiny tweak behind COVID-19 vaccines

Intro music is by Ronald Jenkees Send your virology questions and comments to twiv@microbe.tv

TWiV reviews the difficulties in predicting species susceptibility to SARS-CoV-2 infection by only examining the ACE2 protein, and the olfactory mucosa as a portal of entry into the central nervous system in COVID-19 patients.

Hosts: Vincent Racaniello, Dickson Despommier, Alan Dove, and Rich Condit

Guest: Amy Rosenfeld

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• NYC will create pandemic response institute (NY Bus J)
• Comparison of ACE2 in vertebrates (PNAS)
• Olfactory transmucosal invasion of CNS by SARS-CoV-2 (Nat Neurosci)
• Letters read on TWiV 690
• Timestamps by Jolene. Thanks!

Dickson – National Geographic best animal photos of 2020 Amy – American Contagions: Epidemics and the law from Smallpox to COVID-19 by John Fabian Witt Alan – HamSCI citizen science organization Rich – DeepMind's AI makes gigantic leap in solving protein structures Vincent – Army Ants: Nature's Ultimate Social Hunters by Daniel Kronauer

Intro music is by Ronald Jenkees Send your virology questions and comments to twiv@microbe.tv

Daniel Griffin provides his weekly clinical report on COVID-19, including analysis of vitamin D levels in patients, information on Moderna and Pfizer vaccines, distribution plans suggested by ACIP, and more.

Hosts: Daniel Griffin and Vincent Racaniello

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• Vitamin D levels in COVID-19 patients (Nature)
• ACIP recommendations for distribution of COVID-19 vaccine (MMWR)
• Updated CDC guidance on when to quarantine (CDC)
• Letters read on TWiV 689
• Timestamps by Jolene. Thanks!

Intro music is by Ronald Jenkees Send your virology questions and comments to twiv@microbe.tv

On this episode, UK grants EUA for Pfizer vaccine, advice for CDC on who to immunize first, news from Das Coronavirus, SARS-CoV-2 protease regulates innate responses, and viral mRNAs are not an indication of viral replication.

Hosts: Vincent Racaniello, Rich Condit, Kathy Spindler, and Brianne Barker

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• UK grants EUA for Pfizer vaccine (NY Times)
• ACIP advice on who to vaccinate first (NY Times)
• Das coronavirus update
• SARS-CoV-2 protease regulates innate response (Nature)
• Viral mRNAs do not indicate viral replication (Nat Comm)
• Addendum to SARS-CoV-2 discovery paper (Nature) 16:15
• SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccine and GC formation (Immunity) 29:35
• What scientists say about masks (NY Times) 1:29:03
• Letters read on TWiV 688
• Timestamps by Jolene. Thanks!

Brianne – Pedromics Kathy – Global map at Mars opposition Rich – Janeway's Immunobiology Vincent – Janet Iwasa's Animation Lab

Cheryl – BioRender.com holiday card templates

Intro music is by Ronald Jenkees Send your virology questions and comments to twiv@microbe.tv

Peter Hotez joins TWiV to discuss the COVID-19 pandemic, including why it went out of control in the US, the hijacking of public health practices by anti-science extremist groups, prospects for control, and whether we will be prepared for the next one.

Hosts: Vincent Racaniello, Dickson Despommier, Alan Dove, Rich Condit, and Brianne Barker

Guest: Peter Hotez

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• Peter Hotez on TWiP 29 and TWiV Special
• Wednesday, January 20, 2021 (Microbes Inf)
• SARS-CoV-2 RBD protein vaccine candidate (bioRxiv)
• Anti-science extremism in America (Microbes Inf)
• Low cost accessible COVID-19 vaccine (PLoS NTD)
• Letters read on TWiV 687
• Timestamps by Jolene. Thanks!

Dickson – The World's First Energy-Positive Hotel to Open in Norway Brianne – The Food Lab: Better Home Cooking Through Science Alan – ACIP's ethical principles for COVID-19 vaccine allocation Rich – The Mandolorian Vincent – T. rex and the Crater of Doom by Walter Alvarez

Intro music is by Ronald Jenkees Send your virology questions and comments to twiv@microbe.tv